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Diagnostic Imaging > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: This Patients does NOT have Urolith Calculi

A

False

*Cannot say for certain there are no Calculi since some Calculi are Non-Radiopaque. If you have clinical Signs that are suggestive of Calculi, you have to do further tests to Determine if there are Uroliths

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2
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Ultrasound of the Spleen

A

Splenic Torsion

*LACY PATTERN- KNOW

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3
Q

Condition characterized by a Reduction in Liver Size where the Gastric Axis is moved Cranially

A

Microhepatia

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4
Q

Diagnosis from this Ultrasound of the Kidney

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease

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5
Q

What Pathology can be seen in this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Pronounced Peritoneal Effusion

*Pendulous Abdomen tells us that it is a very full Abodmen

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6
Q

Diagnosis based on this Positive Contrast Study of the Stomach

A

Gastric Ulceration

*You can see Filling Defects

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7
Q

If a _____ study is Necessary, Survey Radiographs of the Abdomen should always be obtained prior

A

Contrast

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8
Q

Best Radiographic View to Diagnose Gastric Dilation Volvulus

A

Right Lateral

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9
Q

Four Differential Diagnoses for Microhepatia

A

Liver Shunting- Young Animal

Chronic Hepatitis- Older Animal

Cirrhosis- Older Animal

Diaphragmatic Hernia- Soft Tissue Opacity within the Thoracic Cavity and history of Trauma

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10
Q

What can be Diagnosed in this Portogram Radiograph?

A

Single, Extra Hepatic Portocaval Shunt

*Immediate Opacification of the Caudal Vena Cava- Not Normal. Should not see Opacification in the Heart Prior to Opacification of the Liver

*No Tree Pattern- Limited Arborizing Pattern

*Reference Point- Cranial to T13. If the Shunting vessel enters the Caudal Vena Cava Cranial to T13 we consider it to be Intrahepatic. In this case it is more likely to be Extrahepatic because the shunting occurs caudal to T13

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11
Q

Review of Large Colon Anatomy in a Dog

A
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12
Q

______ of L5-L7 Vertebral Bodies or the Bony Pelvis is Classic for Metastasis of Prostatic Neoplasia

A

Spondylitis

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13
Q

In a _____ View Radiograph of the Stomach, the Fundus will be Filled with Fluid and the Pylorus will be Filled with Gas

A

Left Lateral

*Left side of the Patient is on the Table

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14
Q

What is the Gas Filled Structure in this Ventral Dorsal View of the Abdomen

A

Pylorus

*Gas is mainly accentuated in the Pylorus but is spreading into other parts of the stomach

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15
Q

Pylorus is Normally Located on the ___ SIde of the Animal

Fundus is Normally Located on the ____Side of the Animal

A

Right

Left

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16
Q

Review of Ruptures with Excretory Urography

*Left Renal Ureter is Dilated with Leakage out of the Left Ureter- Tear or Rupture of the Ureter

*Bladder Rupture- Contrast Medium Leaking out of the Urinary Bladder. Urine has also probably Lead out leading to Loss of Serosal Detail

A
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17
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Small Intestine

A

Mechanical Ileus

*Foreign Material in the Small Intestine

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18
Q

What is occuring in this Radiograph of the Abdomen?

A

Dystocia (Obstructed Labor)

*May be Related to Fetal Size

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19
Q

In a Patient in Right Lateral, where would we expect Contrast Medium (Barium) to Travel in the Stomach

A

Pylorus

*Pylorus is located on the Right Side of the Patient. In Right Lateral, Contrast will travel to the Right side of the Stomach

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20
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Stomach

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

*Pylorus and Fundus are in the Wrong Position

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21
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Paralytic Ileus

*Sentinel Loop Sign!- Outlined in Purple (Duodenum)

*Gas in the Duodenum is commonly associated with Pancreatitis

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22
Q

What Pathology can be diagnosed on this Ultrasoud?

A

Adrenomegaly

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23
Q

What can be Diagnosed based on this Positive Contrast Cystography of the Urinary Bladder

A

Wall Irregularity

Calculi

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24
Q

Small Area where the Ureters and Urethra Open into the Urinary Bladder

A

Trigone

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25
Q

What can be Diagnosed from this Radiograph of the Spine? What Pathology Could Cause these Lesions on the Spine?

A

Spondylitis

Prostate Neoplasia

*Immediately look at the PROSTATE- Prostate Neoplasia is known to cause Spondyolytic Reactions on the Spine

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26
Q

Best Test to Observe Peristalsis and Gastric Motility

A

Ultrasound

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27
Q
A

Not Detected

_*Female Cat_

*How to Tell its a Cat- Urinary Bladder is very Far Cranially and the Urethra is Extended. The Skeletal System of a cat is more “Fragile Looking”. A Lot of Falciform Fat under the Liver

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28
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Small Intestine in a Dog with a Barium Contrast Study

A

Pseudoulcers

*No Pathology- Caused by Lymphatic Tissue

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29
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Small Intestine

A

Linear Foreign Body

*Commas and Crescent shaped Gas Bubbbles

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30
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Radiograph of the Urinary Bladder with Negative Contrast Cystography

A

Cystitis

*Thickening of the Bladder Wall

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31
Q

What is the Arrow pointing to in this Radiograph?

A

Cecum

*Cecum separates the Small Intestine from the Large Intestine

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32
Q

In Patients with Suspected Gastric Foreign Bodies, which Procedure is Contraindicated?

A

Barium Contrast

*In Patients with Foreign Bodies causing Obstruction, the Barium Contrast could cause Rupture

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33
Q

What can be diagnosed in this Radiograph?

A

Urethral Rupture

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34
Q

The Gastric Axis should be _____ with Ribs and _____ to the Spine

A

Parallel

Perpendicular

*Between these Two Red lines is where our Gastric Axis should Fall

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35
Q

Standard Protocol of what Procedure:

1. Take Survey Radiographs

2. Inject Contrast Medium Rapidly

3. Immediately take Ventral Dorsal Radiograph

4. Lateral and Ventral Dorsal Radiographs should be taken at 5, 20, and 40 Minutes

A

Excretory Urogram

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36
Q

In a Patient in Left Lateral, where would we Expect Contrast Medium (Barium) to Travel in the Stomach

A

Fundus

*Fundus is on the Left Side and Liquid will Travel to that Area in the Left Lateral View

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37
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Urinary Bladder with Double Contrast Cystography

A

AIr Bubbles

*Found in the PERIPHERY of the Urinary Bladder

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38
Q

Ultrasound of what Structure

A

Adrenal Gland

*Peanut Shaped

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39
Q

If the Blue Line indicates the Gastric Axis, is it within the normal reference Range?

A

No- Cranially Displaced

*The Gastric Axis is not within the normal reference range. The Gastric Axis is Cranially Displaced- Possible Tumor Caudal to the Stomach (Ex. Splenic Tumor) or the Liver is Small (Most Likely)

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40
Q

Excretory Urography may be used in both azotemic and non-azotemic patients, provided _____ is adequate

A

Hydration

*Put Patients on a Drip Line before and after the Procedure

*Must Ensure Hydration Deficits are Corrected

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41
Q

Generalized Enlargement of the Liver that results in Caudal and Dorsal displacement of Pylorus and Caudal Displacmenet of Gastric Axis on Lateral Views

A

Hepatomegaly

*Displaces the stomach caudally and to the Left

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42
Q

Triangle of Fat between the Bladder, Prostate and Ventral Body Wall is a sign of _____ Enlargement

A

Prostate Gland Enlargment

*Make sure you know its a Male Dog

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43
Q

What Sign can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Small Intestine and what does this sign indicate

A

Thumbprinting = Infiltrative Bowel Disease

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44
Q

Test used to Detect Urethral Obstructions or Urethral Rupture

A

Urethrogram

*Always use Positive Contrast

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45
Q
A

Splenic Hemangiosarcoma

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46
Q

What are the Large Tubular Structures in the Abdomen?

A

Dilated Uterine Horns

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47
Q

Most common Cause for Prostatomegaly, where the Prostate is Enlarged due to Increases in Volume in the Intercellular and Ductal Spaces

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

*Non Painful Symmetrical Enlargment of the Prostate Gland

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48
Q

If there is a Filling Defect in the Central Urinary Bladder it is most likely caused by ____ or ______. If there is a Filling Defect in the Peripheral Urinary Bladder it is most likely caused by _____

A

Stone or Blood Clot- Central

Air Bubbles or Wall Lesion- Peripheral

*Photo is based on Double Contrast Cystography

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49
Q

With ____ Ileus you will usually get TWO Populations of Bowel, one that is Normal and the Other Enlarged. With ____ Ileus you will normaly see just Gas filled Intestines

A

Mechanical- Two Populations (Normal and Enlarged)

Paralytic- Gas Filled

*Degree of Enlargment is normally Greater with Mechanical Ileus than in Paralytic Ileus

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50
Q

What can be diagnosed in this Ultrasound of the Small Intestine

A

Intussusception

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51
Q

Diagnosis based on this Barium Study

A

Gastric Foreign Body

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52
Q

The _______ is used to help assess the Liver

A

Gastric Axis

*Yellow line = Gastric Axis

*Red Lines- Shows Normal Range of the Gastric Axis

*The Gastric Axis is there to help you asses if Misplacement of the Stomach taking place that could be an indicator of an Enlarged or Small Liver

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53
Q

Diagnosis based on this Ultrasound of the Kidney

A

Neoplasia

*Renal Lymphoma can be Bilateral

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54
Q

What Can be Diagnosed on this Radiograph?

A

Left Renal Mass

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55
Q

Review of Large Colon anatomy in a Cat

A

*Often cannot see Cecum in the Cat

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56
Q

True/False: Barium Studies of the Gastrointestinal Tract should only be Performed if Ultrasound is not Availalbe

A

True

*Ultrasound has Replaced Barium Studies in most Patients

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57
Q

Anatomical Review of the Kidneys

A
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58
Q

True/False: A Normal Canine Prostate Gland should NOT be Visible on Radiographs

A

True

*Also, the Prostate Gland is essentially NEVER seen in the Cat

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59
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Paralytic Ileus

*Small Bowel Dilation, but not Severe Dilation. Homogenous in Size and Diameter

*Underlying cause in this Case is Gastric Dilation Volvulus

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60
Q

Dilation of the Renal Pelvis due to Obstruction of the Urinary Collecting System

A

Hydronephrosis

*Fluid Distention in the Renal Pelvis

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61
Q

Ultrasound Image of What Structure?

A

Normal Pancreas

*Anechoic Circle in the Middle- Pancreatic Duct

*Need to use the Duodenum as a Land mark to find the Pancreas

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62
Q

Is the Small Intestinal Diameter Normal in this Radiograph?

A

Yes

*Diameter is about 1.3 times the Rib Width = Normal

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63
Q

Bacterial Infection of the Prostate that may cause Lymphadenopathy and can be a source of Discospondylitis

A

Prostatitis and Prostatic Abscessation

*If you have Discospondylitis- Always check the Prostate

*The Prostate is not Homegenous Soft Tissue Opacity, There is some Gas Opacity as well- Protatic Abscess

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64
Q

What can be Diagnosed from this Ultrasound of the Spleen

A

Splenic Mass

*Fine Needle Aspirate- Hemangiosarcoma

*Lesion on the Tail of the Spleen that is More Hypoechoic compared to the Normal Appearance of the Spleen

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65
Q

In Dogs, the Spleen is the Most Likely Source of a Mass in the ____ Abdomen

A

Midventral

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66
Q

In a _____ View Radiograph of the Stomach, Gas will be Located in the Fundus and Liquid will be Located in the Pylorus of the Stomach

A

Right Lateral

*Right Side of the Animal is touching the Table

*Gas Bubble Floats into the Fundus

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67
Q

True/False: Excretory Urography is mainly performed to Evaluate the Renal Pelvis and Ureters. Given the Value of Ultrasound to asses the Kidneys, the best indication to perform an Excretory Urography is Ureteral Disease

A

True

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68
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Linear Foreign Object (Ex. Ribbon)

*Bowel Creeps along Material- Creating Classical Appearance of Bunching

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69
Q

In a Patient in Dorsal Ventral View, where would Contrast Travel in the Stomach

A

Pylorus

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70
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Radiograph of the Kidney

A

Renal/Ureteral Calculi

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71
Q

The _____ Margin of the Liver is normally visible because it is delineated due to Falciform Fat

A

Ventral

*You can always see the Liver margins ventrally because there is always Fat ventral to the Liver

*Cranially the Liver with Silhouette with the Diaphragm and Caudally the Liver with Silhouette with the Stomach

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72
Q

Best Modality for Assessing the Urinary Bladder

A

Ultrasound

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73
Q

Which Ultrasound is Normal for the Gall Bladder?

A

Left Ultrasound

*You normally should NOT see the Walls- it is I_soechoic to the Surrounding Tissue_

*In the Abnormal View you can see a Thick wall surrounding the Gall Bladder

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74
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Mechanical Ileus

*Stacking of the Intestine = Mechanical Ileus

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75
Q

Which two Cystic Calculi are Radiopaque and will show up on Radiographs

A

Phosphate

Oxalate

*Cystine and Urate Calculi are Non-Radiopaque and will not show up on Radiographs- Tip: “ I Can’t C U”

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76
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Urinary Bladder with Double Contrast Cystography

A

Calculi

*Found in the CENTER of the Urinary Bladder

77
Q

Diagnosis based on this Ultrasound of the Urinary Bladder

78
Q
A

D. Non-Ionic Iodinated Contrast Medium

*Non-Ionic- Less Complications. Never do a Contrast Myelogram with Ionic Contrast Medium

*Myelogram- Looks for problems in the Spinal Cord

*Barium- Gastrointestinal Tract

79
Q

Where are the Kidneys Located in this Radiograph

A

*In the Lateral View the Kidneys are Superimposed on Eachother

*The Right Kidney is more Cranially Positioned than the Left Kidney

80
Q

Defect in an area that would normally fill with Contrast Medium

A

Filling Defects

81
Q

What can be Diagnosed based on this Ultrasound of the Spleen?

A

Splenic Mass

*Fine Needle Aspirate- Hemangiosarcoma

*The Same disease can have different Presentations

82
Q

What can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

83
Q

The Thickened Wall shown in this Small Intestinal Ultrasound is most likely caused by _____

A

Neoplasia

*Thickened Wall- White Band in the Middle

84
Q
85
Q

What Structure can be Detected in this Ultrasound?

A

Uterus

*Circle = Urinary Bladder

Long Structure = Uterus

86
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Diaphragm

A

Free Gas in the Abdomen

*Gas seperating the Caudal aspect of the Diaphragm from the Rest- Very Characteristic for Free Gas

87
Q

Technique for Diagnosing Portosystemic Shunt where the Jejunal Vein is Catheterized and Serial Radiographs or Fluoroscopy are used to Follow Contrast into the Vasculature

A

Mesenteric Portography (Selective Angiography)

*Contrast Imaging of the Portosystemic Shunt

*Photo- Normal- Looks like a branched Tree (No Shunts). Follows the Normal Route- Opacification of the Liver prior to the Heart

88
Q
A

Right Lateral and Dorsal Ventral

89
Q

What condition of the Liver can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph?

A

Hepatomegaly

*Increased Soft Tissue Opacity of the Liver

*The Pylorus is Displaced Dorsally and Gastric Axis is Displaced Caudally

90
Q

What can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Abdomen?

A

Splenomegaly

*Rounded margins of the Spleen

91
Q

True/False: The Urethra is typically Not Visible on Radiographs in Cats

A

False

*Not Visible in Radiographs of Dogs. Often the Urethra can be seen in Radiographs of the Feline

92
Q

Space between the Dorsal Margin of the Parietal Peritoneum and the Abdominal Body Wall, that contains the Kidneys, Adrenal Glands, Major Blood Vessels and Lymph Nodes

A

Retroperitoneal Space

*Arrow Is pointing at the Retroperitoneal Space- Fat Opacity

93
Q

Most Reliable Indicator or Splenomegaly (Enlarged Spleen)

A

Rounded or Blunt Margins

*No Clear Cut parameters for Splenomegaly

94
Q

What Small Intestinal Sign can be Distinguished in this Radiograph, and what does this Sign Mean?

A

Apple Core Sign = Infiltrative Disease

*Neoplasia would be high on the list

95
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Small Intestine

A

Paralytic Ileus (Peritonitis)

*Loss of Serosal Detail, all of the Bowel loops are Gas Filled- Slightly Enlarged

*Mechanical Ileus will lead to Greater Bowel Enlargment than Paralytic Ileus

96
Q

True/False: Always obtain Survey Radiographs prior to any Contrast Procedures

97
Q

Small Breed Dogs and cats are predisposed to ______ Portosystemic Shunts. Large Breed Dogs are Predisposed to _____ Portosystemic Shunts

A

Extrahepatic

Intrahepatic

98
Q

Normal Kidney Size is evaluated by looking at _____

A

L2

*If the Kidney are 2.5 to 3.5 times Larger than L2, it is within the Normal Range

99
Q

What can be Diagnosed based on this Radiograph of the Abdomen?

A

Splenic Torsion

*C Shape on Radiographs

100
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Gastric Rupture

*Red Area outlines free GAS in the Abdomen- Can see nice detail of the Intestines

*Should NEVER be able to see the Dorsal aspect of the Diagphram- If you can see this = Free Gas in the Abodmen

101
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Pelvic Mass (Anal Sac Tumor)

*Ventrally Displaced Large Colon that is Markedly Depressed due to Pressing Down of Pelvic Mass. Soft Tissue Mass above the Large Intestine

102
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Free Gas in the Abdomen

103
Q
A

Cat

*Urinary Bladder very far Cranially

104
Q

The Fetal Heart Rate should be between _____ the Mothers Heart Rate

A

1.5-2 Times

106
Q

Diagnosis based on this Ultrasound of the Kidney

A

End Stage Kidney

*Glomerular or Interstitial Nephritis and Dehydration

* Increased Cortical Echogenicity

107
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Lungs

A

Barium Contrast Aspiration into the Lungs

*Deadly

108
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Small Intestine

A

Mechanical Ileus

*Two Populations- Normal and Enlarged (Largely Distended)

109
Q

If the Blue Line indicates the Gastric Axis, is it within the Normal Reference Range?

A

No- Caudally Displaced

*Causes- Enlarged Liver (Hepatomegaly) or Inguinal Hernia Caudally

*The Gastric Axis is mainly used to asses the Liver Size

110
Q

Most Common Urinary Bladder Tumor in a Female Dog?

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

111
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Radiograph of the Stomach?

A

Gastric Dilation

*Enlarged but Normal Shape and Location

112
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Retroperitoneal Space

A

Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage

*The Retroperitoneal Space should be Fat Opacity, but instead is Soft Tissue Opacity

113
Q

True/False: Conventional Lateral Views are not Adequate for Complete Examination of Male Canine Urethra

A

True

*Need a “Urethra Shot” where the legs are pulled forward so that we get a better view of the Urethra to look for Uroliths

114
Q

During Dog Pregnancy, the Earliest Detectable Mineralization on Radiograph is at ____ Days

A

42

*If the Dog is 30 days Pregnant you would not Recommend a Radiograph

115
Q

Retroperitoneal Gas is often an Extension of ______

A

Pneumomediastinum

116
Q

What can be diagnosed on this Ultrasound of the Urinary Bladder

117
Q

True/False: Ionic Contrast Medium is Safer to use on Patients than Nonionic Contrast Medium

A

False

*Nonionic Contrast is safer to use and commonly used on Sicker Patients that need Contrast Studies

118
Q

With _____ the Urinary Bladder Wall is Thick and Irregular

119
Q

Which Test is best to Diagnose Pancreatitis?

A

Canine Pancreatic Lipase Test (cPl)

*This is the test you should use if you suspect Pancreatitis

120
Q

Left Lateral View of the Stomach. What is the Gas Filled Structure pointed out by the Arrows?

A

Pylorus

*Pylorus is located on the Right Side of the Patient. When the Patient is laying in Left Lateral gas will rise into the Pylorus

121
Q

The _____ of the Spleen is attached very closely to the Fundus of the Stomach by the Gastrosplenic Ligament

A

Head

*The Head of the Spleen wont move- Stays in the same Place

122
Q

In a Canine, a Normal Small Intestinal Diameter is Roughly the Height of _____ and ____x’s the Width of a Rib

123
Q

Diagnostic Tool of Choice for Splenic Torsion

A

Ultrasound

*Spleen has Enlarged Lacy Pattern- Pathopneumonic for Splenic Torsion- KNOW THIS

124
Q

What can be Diagnosed in this Ultrasound of the Abodmen?

A

Free Gas in the Abdomen

*Causes Reverberation on Ultrasound

125
Q

Best Modality to Diagnose Fetal Death

A

Ultrasound

*Lack of Heart Beat, Organs become Hypoechoic. Gas within Uterus or Fetus

*Radiograph shows Gas within the Uterus and Fetus

126
Q

What Species is this Radiograph from?

127
Q

Spleen is Best Visualized in the _____ View

A

Right Lateral

128
Q

True/False: This is an Ultrasound of a Normal Prostate Gland in a Dog

129
Q
A

B (Second from the Left)

130
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage

*Soft Tissue Opacity in the Retroperitoneal Space

*Loss of Detail in the Retroperitoneal Space is a Sign of Fluid Collection or Inflammation

131
Q

In a Right Lateral View of the stomach, Fluid will be located in the _____

A

Pylorus

*Radiograph- Don’t mistake for a Foreign Body

132
Q

What can be Diagnosed on this Radiograph?

A

Enlarged Uterus (Early Pregnancy, Pymetra ect.)

*Soft Tissue Opacity between the Colon and the Urinary Bladder

133
Q

What Structure is seen in this Ultrasound?

134
Q

What can be Diagnosed in the this Radiograph of the Abodmen

A

Absent Bladder

*AKA- Ruptured Bladder

135
Q

What can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Abdomen?

A

Retroperitoneal Gas

136
Q

True/False: The Uterus is NOT normally detected Radiographically

137
Q

This is a Normal Variant of the Barium Contrast Study in what Species

A

Feline

*Feline “String of Pearls”- Just shows Peristalsis in the Small Intestine, No Pathology

138
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Stomach

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

*Double Bubble

139
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Urinary Bladder

A

Bladder Rupture

140
Q
A

Yes

*Lesion is in the Periphery of the Urinary Bladder = Bladder Wall

*Gas Opacity in the Middle of the Bladder is caused by the Catheter

141
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Medial Iliac Lymphadenopathy

142
Q

Diagnoses based on this Abdominal Radiograph

A

Ectopic Ureter

*Hydronephrosis of the Renal Pelvis- Very Dilated

*The Ureter is also Markedly Dilated- Hydroureter

*Ectopic Ureter- medical condition where the ureter, rather than terminating at the urinary bladder, terminates at a different site

143
Q

What can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph?

A

Paraprostatic Cyst

1- Paraprostatic Cyst (Cranial to the Urinary Bladder)

2- Urinary Bladder

3- Prostate

144
Q

In Abdominal Effusions, Low Cellular Fluid such as Urine or _____ appear Anechoic, while Higher Cellular Fluid like Blood, Exudate, and Chyle is more Echoic

A

Transudate

145
Q

If the Spleen is Enlared it will cause _____ displacement of the Gastric Axis

146
Q

What can be diagnosed in this Radiograph?

A

Single, Extra Hepatic Portocaval Shunt

*Immediately Opacification of the Caudal Vena Cava

147
Q

Contrast Procedure that is used to Evaluate the Kidneys and Ureters

A

Excretory Urography

*Provides Morphologic and Functional Information

*Contrast medium (Iodine) is injected IV and Contrast gets secreted into the Glomeruli. Water continues to be absorbed back into the body while the Iodine Concentration increases in the Tubules

148
Q
149
Q

If the Liver is _____, the Gastric Axis will be Displaced Cranially

150
Q

Diagnosis on Ultrasound of this Gall Bladder

A

Cholecystitis

*Should NOT see Wall around the Gall Bladder

151
Q

The Kidneys are Located in the _____ Space

A

Retroperitoneal Space

152
Q

If the Shunting vessel enters the Caudal Vena Cava ____ to T13 we consider it to be Intrahepatic

A

Cranial

*If the Shunting vessel enters the Caudal Vena Cava Caudal to T13- Extra Hepatic

153
Q

Where are the Kidneys Located in this Radiograph

154
Q

What can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph of the Abdomen

155
Q

What can be diagnosed in this Radiograph?

A

Urethral Tumor

*Urethra is extermely Irregular and some Contrast is Leaking out

156
Q

True/False: The Uterus is Enlarged in this Radiograph

A

True

*Should not be able to see the Uterus- Only can see if its Enlarged

C = Colon

U = Urinary Bladder

X = Uterus

157
Q

Shunt from the Portal Vein to the Caudal Vena Cava that Bypasses the Liver and the Livers Detoxification Function is Reduced, resulting in a Small Liver

A

Portosystemic Shunt

*Congenital Portosystemic Shunts- Characteristic Small Liver

*Most Patients with Portosystemic Shunt will also have Renomegaly- Enlarged Kidneys. If a Patient has a small Liver and Normal Sized Kidneys, then most likely not a Portosystemic Shunt

158
Q

In this Radiograph the Edges of the Liver are Triangular or Slightly Rounded. What Two Endocrine Disorders may this be Diagnostic for?

A

Diabetes Mellitus resulting in Hepatic Lipidosis

Hyperadrenocorticism

*Hepatomegaly that is triangular shaped

159
Q

Contraindications of what Procedure

A

Excretory Urogram

*Can be done in Azotemic Patients so long as they are NOT Dehydrated

160
Q

Right Lateral View of the Stomach. What is the Gas Filed structure pointed out by the Black Arrows

A

Fundus

*When the Patient is in Right Lateral, Gas will Rise into the Left Side of the Stomach (Fundus)

161
Q

True/False: In Cats in a Lateral View you are NEVER going to see the Spleen in the Ventral Abdomen

A

True

*Never going to see Spleen in a normal Cat. Only see it if the Spleen is Enlarged

162
Q

What can be diagnosed in this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Carcinomatosis (Hemangiosarcoma)

Leads to loss of Serosal Detail

*Patchy Appearance- Very characteristic for Carcinomatosis

163
Q

What is the Gas Filled structure in this Dorsal Ventral View of the Abodmen

A

Fundus

*The Highest point on a Dorsal Ventral View is the Fundus and Gas will travel to that portion of the Stomach

164
Q

Radiograph of the Urinary Bladder with _____ Contrast Cytography

165
Q

In a Feline, a normal Small Intestine is Roughly 2x’s the Height of Central part of ____

166
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph

A

Linear Foreign Body

*“Bunching” of the Small Intestine

168
Q
169
Q

Three Phases of Excretory Urography

A

Nephrogram- Opacification of Renal Parenchyma (First 5 Minutes)

Pyelogram- Opacification of Pelvic Recesses, Renal Pelvis and Ureters (After 20 Minutes)

Cystogram (After 40 Minutes)

*Take Radiographs at 5, 20, and 40 Minutes in order to see all of these Phases

170
Q
A

Peritoneal Effusion

171
Q

_____ Shape Gas Bubbles are Characteristic for Linear Foreign Bodies

A

Tear Drop or Crescent

172
Q

Procedure Outline using ____ to Asses the Gastrointestinal Tract:

  1. Survey Radiographs
  2. Immediately Take Right Lateral, Left Lateral, VD, and DV Views
  3. At 15-30 min. Take Right Lateral and VD Views
  4. At 30-60 min. Take Right Lateral and VD Views
  5. Hourly Radiographs until Contrast in Colon
173
Q

Ultrasound of Normal Ovaries. Point out which are in Anestrus verus Estrus

A

*Estrus- Fluid Filled Structures

174
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Stomach

A

Gastric Dilation

*Normal Shape and Location of the Stomach

175
Q

If the Liver is ______, the Gastric Axis will be Displaced Caudally

176
Q

Which one of these is a Normal Ultrasound of an Abdominal Lymph Node?

A

*Normal Lymph Nodes have Uniform Echogenicity similar to the surrounding Mesenteric Fat

*When Enlarged the Lymph Nodes become more Rounded and Hypoechoic

177
Q

What is the Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Bilateral Hydronephrosis

*The Renal Pelvis is Dilated

178
Q

The _____ should Travel from the Kidneys into the Trigone of the Urinary Bladder

179
Q

Review of Large Colon Anatomy in a Dog

180
Q

What Contrast Study has been Performed on this Patient?

A

Positive Contrast

181
Q

Pathology of the Right Kidney in this Radiograph

A

Pyelonephritis

*In this Radiograph the Left Kidney is Normal and the Right Kidney has Pyelonephritis

182
Q

What Kind of Contrast Study was Performed here?

A

Double Contrast

*Can see both Positive and Negative Contrast used

183
Q
A

False

*Barium is LETHAL if given IV- KNOW THIS!!- Never give Barium IV

*Barium is Given Orally for Contrast Assessment of the GIT

184
Q

Differential Diagnosis for Kidneys that are Bilaterally Enlarged with Irregular Outline (Lumpy)

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease

185
Q

Uterine Infection characterized by Estrogen Stimulation of the Uterus followed by Prolonged Progesterone Dominance

186
Q

Diagnosis based on this Radiograph of the Abdomen

A

Free Gas in the Abdomen

*Very Characteristic- Little Bubbles

187
Q

Diagnosis based on this Ultrasound

A

Adrenomegaly

*Adrenal gland is very Enlarged- Always seen next to the Kidney

188
Q

During Cat Pregnancy, the Earliest Mineralization is Detected on Radiograph at ___ Days

Diagnostic Imaging (4 decks)

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