Quiz 2 Flashcards
Self Limiting Disease of Large Breed Dogs with Shifting Leg Lameness characterized by:
Increased Medullary Opacity
Lesion often Begins at the Nutrient Foramen
Panosteitis
Yes
*Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph
Joint Effusion
What Bone Condition can be Detected in these Radiographs
Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)
Once the Radiographs are made using PenHIP Screening, they are submitted and a Distriction Index is Calculated. What equation is used to Calculate the Distraction Index
D = Distance Center Moves Laterally
R = Radius Of Femoral Head
*Ex. A Distraction Index of 0.75 is Very Big- A Lot of Laxity
Infection of the Disk that Results in Destruction of the Endplates
Discospondylitis
*Need Two Radiographic Views on these Dogs- Lateral and Dorsoventral or Ventrodorsal
CHRONIC Disk Disease where the Annulus/Nucleus Protrudes into the vertebral canal with Spinal Cord compression that typically occurs in Large Breed Dogs
Hansen Type II
What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Herniated Disc within the Vertebral Canal
*Are these Herniated Disks the Cause of the Dogs Problem?- Can’t tell, these could be Chronic Type II Disks and Clinically Insignificant
When Performing a Spinal MRI, if we Perfom a _____ Image we will Only see the Fluid within the Subarachnoid Space
STIR
*STIR- Gets rid of the Signal from Fat
Must be distinguished from an Underexposed Radiograph
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 1:00-2:00. What does the Bulge Represent?
Main Pulmonary Artery
*Enlargment of Main Pulmonary Artery- Common in Heartworm
What Bone Condition is Detected in these Radiographs
Osteochondrosis
Bone Condition that can Mimic Primary Bone Tumor, but is Often:
Polyostotic (More than One Bone)
Fungal Osteomyelitis
*Are you in an Endemic Region? California and Arizona- Coccidiodomycosis. Ohio River Valley Area- Blastomycosis
Typical Extradural Appreance of a ____
Type II Disc Herniation
Low
*Salter Harris Type I Fracture
Radiographs show Hip Dysplasia under ______ Classification
OFA
*Problems with OFA- Not evaluating Joint Laxity and is Extremely Subjective
_____ Ventricular Hypertrophy is More Common and Characterized by:
Increased Sternal Contact
Elevation of Apex from Sternum
Backward “D” Appearance
Right
*Causes of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy- Pulmonic Stenosis, Heartworm
*Backward “D” Appearance
Heart Condition seen in this Radiograph
Left Atrial Dilation
*Left Atrial Dilation- Best Seen in Lateral View
Know this Chart
*Lysis or Sclerosis is not a Factor of Bone Aggressiveness- The Opacity of the Lesion doesn’t tell us whether a Lesion is aggressive or Not
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Hip Osteoarthritis
*Osteophytes are detected
Physeal Fracture Classification System where the Chance of a Secondary growth anomaly is much Higher as the Ranking Increases
Salter Harris
*Growth Plate Fracture Classification- Applies Only to Skeletally Immature Patients
*Chance of Secondary Growth Anomaly is much Higher with Type V than with Any other Type. Hardly ever get a Secondary Growth Anomaly with a Salter Harris Type I Fracture
*Salter Harris V- Compression Injury of the Growth Plate. Cannot Diagnose Radiographically
The Earliest Radiographic sign of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Joint Laxity
What can be seen in this Radiograph of Bone
Metatarsal Sequestrum
*Periosteum is Damaged, which can lead to Sequestration because of the Disruption of the Blood Supply- The piece of Bone dies off (Necrosis)
Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Spinal Cord Abnormality with these Clinical Signs:
Lumbosacral Pain
Reduced Tail Wagging- Caudal Nerve
Weakness/Lameness in One or Both Hind Limbs- Sciatic Nerve
Severe Compression of Nerve Roots
Fecal and Urinary Incontinence- Pudendal Nerve
Cauda Equina Syndrome
*Large Dog Problem
Inherited Debilitating Coxofemoral Dysplasia primarily affecting Large Dogs that causes Joint Laxity and Degenerative Joint Disease
Canine Hip Dysplasia
What Condition is Depicted in this Radiograph?
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
*Backward “D” Appearance and Elevation of Apex from the Sternum
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 9:30-11:30. What does the Bulge Represent?
Right Atrium
Bone Healed in an Abnormal Position
Malunion
This Radiograph Shows Necrotic Cartilage that Breaks Free. What is this Called?
Joint Fragments (Mice)
Polyostotic Bone Condition that is Usually due to Surgery or Wound that is Very Rare in Dogs and Cats
Bacterial Osteomyelitis
*Polyostotic- Occuring in Many Bones
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Canine Hip Dysplasia
*Acetabulum doesn’t cover 50% of the Femoral Head
*Canine Hip Dysplasia leads to Osteoarthritis
Which of the Following Conditions is Best Seen on Radiograph
Left Atrial Dilation
Injection of Positive Contrast medium into Subarachnoid Space that can be Useful for Diagnosing Disc Herniation
Myelography
*Being Replaced by CT or MRI
Spinal Cord Condition Detected on this MRI
Type II Disc Herniation
Treatment for Ununited Anconeal Process
Removal or Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy
*Photo- Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy
Review Card: Radiographs of Type I-V Salter Harris Growth Plate Fractures
*No Radiographic Manifestations of a Salter Harris Type V, which is the most severe Kind
Inflammation of the Biceps Brachii Tendon and its Surrounding Synovial Sheath that leads to Mineralization and Osteophytes in the Intertubercular Groove
Bicipital Tenosynovitis
Distraction Index Greater than ____ is Associated with Significant Incidence of Degenerative Joint Disease
> 0.3
What Joint Condition is Detected on this Radiograph
Osteophytes
*New Bone forming at the edge of the Articular Cartilage- Sharp Triangular Projection of Bone
Disc Protrusion also called “Missile Disc” characterized by Acute Herniation of Hydrated Nucleus Pulposus leading to Spinal Cord Swelling and Bruising
ANNPE (Missile Disc)
Acute Non-Compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion
*This occurs in disks that are NON-Degenerative
Spinal Condition Detected on this MRI in the L7-S1 Area
Cauda Equina Syndrome
What Spinal Cord Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Atlanto Axial Subluxation
Both of these are Radiographs of Normal Hearts. Distinguish Which Radiograph is the Ventral Dorsal View versus the Dorsal Ventral View
Left Radiograph- Ventral Dorsal View
Right Radiograph- Dorsal Ventral View
*In the Dorsal Ventral view the animal is in Sternal Recumbancy, and the Left Ventricle of the Heart will be Pointed more towards the Left Side
What Bone Condition is Pointed out in this Radiograph that is common in Patients with Elbow Dysplasia
Ununited Anconeal Process
If a Patient is Suspected of having a Traumatic Spinal Lesion, What is the Only Radiographic View we should Initially Take?
Lateral View
*One do a Lateral View in a Patient with Spinal Trauma because you don’t want to bend the dog around too much trying to take other views- Setting up a HORIZONTAL beam may work best
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph of the Humerus
Distal Humeral Osteochondrosis
*Osteochondrosis on the Humerus or Femur most commonly occurs on the Medial Side- Weight Bearing Side
What Condition can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
*Heart is Enlarged and Lungs shows Pulmonary Edema (Increased Opacitiy in the Lung)
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Osteoarthritis
*Joint Effusion and Osteophytes are seen
No
*Cortex is not Destroyed, Distinct Transition Zone, and the Periosteal Reaction is Smooth
Most Common Cause of Left Sided Heart Failure and Secondary Pulmonary Edema
Mitral Valve Degeneration
*Increased Pressure in the Left Atrium where Blood will Push back into the Lungs from the Left Atrium- Pulmonary Edema
Radiographic Signs of which Bone Condition:
Flattening or Concavity of Subchondral Bone
Adjacent Sclerosis
+/- Mineralized Flap
Osteochondrosis/Osteochondritis Dissecans
*Osteochondrosis is commonly Bilateral! If you suspect Osteochondrosis on one side, you should take radiographs of the Other side as well
What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph?
Pericardial Fat
Very Common Bone Condition in Medium and Large Breed Dogs with these Characteristics:
New Bone Formation on Proximal Aspect of Anconeal Process
Blunted Appearance of Medial Coroniod Process
Fractured Medial Coronoid Process
*Medial Coronoid Fragment is Difficult to Detect Radiographically because it is Superimposed on Radius and Ulna in Each View
True/False: This is a Radiograph of a Fractured Ulna
False
*This is a Normal Growth Plate- Normal Physes
Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what Bone Condition can be seen on the other Radiographs?
Fractured Medial Coronoid Process
True/False: Antebrachium Diaphyseal Fractures in Toy Breeds heal Slowly and have Greater Complications
True
_*_Ex. Chiuahua and Pomeranians- Will take a very long time to Heal
What Heart Condition causes Splaying of Main Stem Bronchi seen in this Radiograph
Left Atrial Dilation
*Can Also see the Bulge of the Left Auricle
Wher is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?
Intradural-Extramedullary
*Nerve Root Tumor- Golf Tee Sign
Ex. A Dachshund comes into the clinic with Acute Pelvic Limb Paralysis. Thoracic Limbs are Normal with Normal Reflexes. Patient doesn’t have Conscious Proprioception of the Hind Limbs. Patellar Hyperreflexia is seen. What part of the Spinal Cord would you CT?
T2-L3
*KNOW THIS- always on quiz
Spinal Cord Condition detected in this MRI
ANNPE (Missile Disc)
Common Spinal Condition where New Bone Proliferation originating from Ventral aspect of Vertebral Body near the Endplate that is associated with Annular Degeneration and Tearing
Spondylosis
*Usually NOT Clinically Significant- KNOW THIS
Distal Ulnar Physis is Very Susceptible to Type V Fractures. Type V Fractures of the Ulnar Physis will lead to Insufficient Ulnar Growth and Result in One of what Three Outcomes
Humeroulnar Subluxation
Bowed Radius
Valgus of Manus (Paw Deviates Laterally)
*Only a Problem in Skeletally Immature Dogs
Radiographic Signs of _____:
Joint Effusion (Increase in Joint Fluid)
Subchondral Sclerosis (Increased Bone Density)
Osteophytes
Fragments and Subchondral Cysts
Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
*Osteophyte- Osseous Metaplasia of Articular Cartilage
Five Favorite Sites of Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)
Proximal Humerus and Distal Radius (Away from Elbow)
Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia (Toward the Stifle)
Distal Tibia (Except Distal Tibia)
*KNOW THESE 5 SITES
Three Signs of an Aggressive Bone Lesion
Cortical Destruction
Active Periosteal Reaction
Non Distinct Transition Zone
*Transition Zone- Border between Normal and Abnormal Bone
Most common Primary Bone Tumor
Osteosarcoma
*Most Common Metaphyseal Monostatic Aggressive Lesion
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
STIR MRI
*Diminished the Signal from Fat- Nuclei Pulposus- Very White
Screening Method for Hip Dysplasia that is Designed to Detect Joint Laxity
PennHIP
*Employs Joint Positioning that does not place Torque on Joint Capsule
*Technique is designed to Image Maximal Joint Laxity, not DJD
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 2:00-5:00. What does the Bulge Represent?
Left Ventricle
What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph
Indistinct Transition Zone
*Cannot see the Margin of the Lesion Well
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
Myelogram
*Radiograph where the white lines Represent Contrast Medium within the Subarachnoid Space
If the Pulmonary Artery is Larger than the Pulmonary Vein (A > V), what condition does the Patient have?
Pulmonary Hypertension
*Caused by Heartworms or Pulmonary Fibrosis
Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
Is this Bone Lesion Aggressive or Non Aggressive?
Aggressive
*Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction
T13 is Often ___; the Vertebra at a junction between Two anatomic segments has the characteristics of Both
Transitional
*T13- Sometimes there are no Ribs connected and Sometimes there is Only One Rib
Medial Trochlea of the Talus
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph
Tibial Crest Avulsion
Most Common Degenerative Joint Disease that is a Very common Cause of Lameness
Osteoarthritis
*Most commonly due to Normal Cartilage and Abnormal Biomechanics
Common Fracture Healing in Veterinary Medicine Characterized by:
Some Motion at Fracture Sight
Callus Formation
Callus will Diminish as Stability Returns
Secondary Healing
*Motion at Fracture Site- Fixation is not perfectly Rigid
5-10 Days- Loose Sharp Margins
10-20 Days- Early Callus, Decreasing Fracture Gap
30 Days- Fracture Line Disapearing
3 Months- Remodeled Callus
True/False: This is a Radiograph of a Fractured Medial Coronoid Process
True
*Blunted Medial Coronoid Process
No
*Distinct Transition Zone- Margin of the Lesion is well Defined
Gold Standard for Diangosing Disc Herniation
MRI
*CT and MRI are the best methods
Osteosarcoma
*Two Joints are affected- Left Tarsus and Right Tarsus- Cannot be a Primary Bone Tumor (Osteosarcoma)
Rule of Thumb: In the Dorsal Ventral View, Pulmonary Vessels should be the Same Size as the Right ____Rib at their point of Intersection
9th
Main Difference Seen between Right Lateral Versus Left Lateral Radiographs of the Heart
Right Lateral- Only see Three of the Cranial Pulmonary Vessels
Left Lateral- See all Four Cranial Pulmonary Vessels- Conspicuity of Pulmonary Vessels is better in Left Lateral
*Left Lateral may be better if you are concerned about Heart Failure
E. Left Auricular Enlargment
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph of the Femur
Distal Femoral Osteochondrosis
What are the Arrows pointing to in this Radiograph of Bone
Nutrient Foramen
*Major Artery Enters through the Nutrient Foramen. Don’t confuse the Nutrient Forament with a Fracture
Life-Threatening Developmental Systemic Disease of Rapidly Growing Young Dogs in Large and Giant Breed (Great Danes, Weimaraner) that is characterized by:
Double Physis sign
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
What Joint Condition is Detected on this Radiograph?
Subchondral Cysts
What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Atlanto-Axial Subluxation
*Typically seen in Toy Breed Dogs
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 2:00-3:00. What does the Bulge Represent?
Left Auricle
*The Left Auricle is between 2-3 O Clock
____ Detection of Disc Herniation:
Fast and Non-Invasive
Cannot Assess Spinal Cord Injury
Disc Material Must Be Mineralized
CT
*Big Disadvantage- Cannot assess anything about the Spinal Cord
*CT only works if the disk if Calcified
Anatomic Defect between Peritoneal and Pericardial Cavities allowing Migration of Organs that is characterized by:
Globular Cardiac Silhouette
Cardiac Silhouettes with Diaphragm
Heterogenous Opacity of Cardiac Silhouette
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia (PPDH)
False
*We cannot Diagnose Cranial Crutiate Ligament Rupture Radiographically- We use indirect signs to Detect it such as Joint Laxity and Joint Effusion
To Compensate for Beam Divergence when Radiographing the Spine, Make ______, Not a dog-o-gram
Multiple Exposures
*Ex. If you want to Radiograph the whole spine you may need 6 Lateral Views- Take Multiple Radiographs. DO NOT USE DOG-O-GRAMS
True/False: Heart Failure is Detected in this Radiograph
False
*No Heart Failure- No Lung Pattern
Incomplete Humeral Condyle Ossification
*Very Common in Spaniels
Two Conditions that can cause:
Spinal Cord Bruising
Spinal Necrosis
Spinal Hemorrhage
Spinal Inflammation
Spinal Edema
Type 1 Herniation
ANNPE
Spinal Condition that is Normally NOT Clinically Significant
Spondylosis
*If a Dog comes in with Spinal Pain and you see Spondylosis- You still haven’t found the cause of the Pain
Fracture Complication that is usually the Result of Salter Harris Type V Fractures and most common in the Antebrachium
Physeal Growth Abnormalities
*Distal Ulnar Physis very susceptible to Type V Fractures- Leading to Insufficient Ulnar Growth
What Joint Deformity is Detected on this Radiograph?
Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
*Osteophytes
What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph?
Irregular (Active) Periosteal Reaction
*Can see New Periosteal Bone Growth- Active Periosteal Reaction
*The Periosteum is Proliferating in Response to Something
What is the Arrow Pointing at in this Radiograph?
Caudal Circumflex Humural Blood Vessel
*Don’t Diagnose as a Bone Fragment or Joint Mice
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph
Panosteitis
*Increased Medullary Opacity
*Commonly Panosteitis Spontaneously Resolves after a Couple Months- In the Radiograph on the Left the patient has Panosteitis. In the Radiograph on the Right the Radioluscency has Returned to the Medullary Cavity of the Bones.
Progressive Cervical Myelopathy that is Common in Dobermans and Great Danes characterized by:
Vertebral Canal Stenosis
Articular Process Hyperostosis
Cervical Malalignment
Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobblers Disease)
Abnormality at the Lumbosacral Junction (L7-S1) caused by:
Chronic Instability
Spondylosis
Disc Protrusion
Stenosis of Vertebral Canal
Cauda Equine Syndrome
*Very Common Problem that leads to Nerve Root Impingement
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 11:30-12:30. What does the Bulge Represent?
Aorta Arch (AA)
*Enlargment of Aorta- Common in Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Two Screening Methods to Assess Canine Hip Dysplasia
OFA Extended Hip View
PennHIP (Better Method)
Lateral
*Photo- Red Outline around the Medial Corinoid Process
Best View to Assess Pulmonary Vessels
Left Lateral
*Left Lateral is Better because we can see All Four Blood Vessels
Where is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?
Extradural
*Disk Herniation/ Protrusion
What Polyostotic Bone Condition is Detected in these Radiographs?
Fungal Osteomyelitis
*Aggressive Lesion on the Left Radiograph- Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone
*Aggression Lesion on the Right Radiograph- Active Periosteum, Cortex Destruction, Indistinct Transition Zone
*This Lesion is Proximal to the Elbow- Primary Tumors do not commonly occur close to the Elbow- Asprirate Proved it was Fungal Osteomyelitis
What Polyostotic Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph
Fungal Osteomyelitis
*Polyostotic- Occuring in More than One Bone
*Need to Do Aspirate to get Definitive Diagnosis
What does the Bulge on this Radiograph of the Heart Represent
Left Auricle
*The Left Auricle Typically Enlarges in Patients with Left Atrial Dilation
Osteochondrosis without Joint Mouse
Most Common Heart Condition characterized by:
Elevation of Carina
Splitting of Principle Bronchi (Y Sign)
Compression of the Left Bronchi Branch (Coughing)
Left Atrial Dilation
*Cause- Mitral Valve Disease
*Compression of Left Bronchi- Patients Present with Coughing
*Echocardiogram still better for Complete Characteriziation
Fracture has not healed in the Time excpected
Delayed Union
What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph
Pericardial Fat
Spinal Condition that is Detected in this Radiograph of a 2 Year Old Doberman
Cervical Spondylomylopathy (Canine Wobblers)
Bone Condition of Adolescent Toy and Small Breed Dogs where Compromised Blood Supply to the Femoral Head Causes Bone Necrosis while Overlying Cartilage Continues to Grow
Asceptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)
Yes
*Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction, Cortex is Destroyed and there is an Indirect Transition Zone- Typical Primary Bone Tumor in a Dog
What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph
Cortex Destruction
*Aggressive Lesion because the Cortex is Gone
Detected
Test Used for Detection of Disc Herniation:
Quick
Not Based on Disc Mineralization
Assess the Integrity of the Spinal Cord
The BEST Test
MRI
*Gold Standard for Brain and Spinal Cord Injury in Veterinary Medicine
What Condition can bee Seen in this Radiograph of the Heart
Main Pulmonary Artery Enlargment
*Bulge is Between 1-2 O Clock
*Can be Due to Heartworm or Pulmonic Stenosis
Spinal Cord Condition detected in this MRI
Type I Disc Herniation
What Disease can be Diagnosed in this Spinal Radiograph
Wobblers Disease
*Osteophytic Articular Processes caused Extradural Spinal Cord Compression
Is Just Fine
*Good Secondary Healing
Predilection Site for Osteochondrosis and Osteochondritis Dissecans
Caudal Humeral Head
*Most Common Location for Osteochondrosis
Hallmark Sign of what Spinal Cord Condition is Endplate Lysis
Discospondylitis
*Usually Staph Intermedius or Brucella- Usually via Hematogenous Route from UTI
Review of Radiographic Cardiac Anatomy
What Heart condition can be seen in this Radiograph
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
*Left Atrial Dilation is Present and the Arteries and Veins are Enlarged
What Condition can be see in these Radiographs of the Heart?
Arterial Enlargment
*Pulmonary Arteries are Larger than the Pulmonary Veins
Review of Bone Anatomy
Chart Outlining Disease Predilection Sites
*Osteosarcoma occurs in the Metaphyseal Area of the Bone
*Fractures can occur anywhere, however are predisposed to the weaker areas of the Bone. Ex. Physis. The Physis is Radioluscent and is Predisposed to Fractures because it’s weaker than the remaining Bone
*Osteochondrosis occurs within the Epiphysis of of the Bone
Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what are the Arrows Pointing to in the Other Three Radiographs?
Fractured Medial Coronoid Process
*New Bone Formation on Proximal aspect of Anconeal Process
Dog Cannot be Certified as Hip Dysplasia Free until ____ Months of Age
24
*2 Years Old
C. 2-3 o’Clock
Condition of the Heart that can be seen in this Radiograph
Left Atrial Dilation (Enlargment)
If the Pulmonary Vein is Larger than the Pulmonary Artery
(V > A), What Condition would does the Patient have?
Venous Hypertension
*Caused by Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Cauda Equine Syndrome is Predisposed by Lumbosacral ____ Vertebra
Transitional
True/False: This Radiograph depicts an Ununited Anconeal Process
False
*Radiograph shows Secondary Center of Ossification that is common in Larger Breed Dogs
What condition is Occuring in this Radiograph of the Heart?
Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Enlargment
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Subluxation of Humeroulnar Joint
What Bone Condition can be Seen in this Radiograph of a Horse
Osteochondrosis of the Tarsus
Characteristic of _____:
Monostotic (One Bone)
Metaphyseal
Favors Large and Giant Breed Dogs
Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)
*Metaphyseal- Most Primary Bone tumors begin in the Metaphysis
Type of Disk Disease common in Chondrodystrophic Dogs (Dachshunds) where there is ACUTE Herniation of Degenerate Nuclear Material Into Vertebral Canal with Spinal Cord Compression
Hansen Type I
*Shoots out like a Bullet
Radiographic Signs of which Bone Condition:
Lysis of Femoral Head/Neck
Widening of Joint Space
Microfacture and Deformation of Femoral Head
Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)
*Joint Space looks widened because of the Cartilage
*Femoral Head looks Mishaped and Irregular
Spinal Condition detected in this Radiograph
Cauda Equina Syndrome
*Radiographs are NOT Diagnostic- Need CT or MRI
What kind of MRI image is this?
T2 MRI
*Water and Fat have High Signal (White)
Where is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph
Intramedullary
*Spinal Cord gets “Bigger”
Fracture Complication where Infected Devitalized Bone Fragments Separate from the Parent Bone
Sequestrum
*Sharp Bone Fragment in the Center of the Cavity
What Bone Condition can be Detected in this Radiograph
Osteochondrosis
*Marked Assymetry in the Left Radiograph
If the Pulmonary Arteries and Pulmonary Veins are Enlarged, What 3 Conditions may the Patient have?
Shunt: Left to Right
Fluid Overload
Fluid Retention
All Fracture healing has Stopped and Fragments have not United
Nonunion
Only Lesion seen within the Intradural-Extramedullary Space
Nerve Root Tumor
*Golf Tee Sign
What Bone Condition is detected in this Radiograph?
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
*Double Physis Sign
What condition can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Heart
Pericardial Effusion
*Cardiac Silhouette becomes Round- Fluid has same opacity as Heart therefore the Heart will just look Very Rounded
What Condition can be Seen in these Radiographs of the Heart
Venous Enlargement
*Pulmonary Veins are Larger than the Pulmonary Arteries
Bacterial Infection of the Intervertebral Disk that results in Destruction of the Adjacent End Plates causing Severe Back Pain
Discospondylitis
*Hallmark Sign- Endplate Lysis
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
T2 MRI
*Dots Represent Hydrated Nuclei- Nucleus Propulsi
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
