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Diagnostic Imaging > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Self Limiting Disease of Large Breed Dogs with Shifting Leg Lameness characterized by:

Increased Medullary Opacity

Lesion often Begins at the Nutrient Foramen

A

Panosteitis

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1
Q
A

Yes

*Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone

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1
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Joint Effusion

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2
Q

What Bone Condition can be Detected in these Radiographs

A

Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)

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2
Q

Once the Radiographs are made using PenHIP Screening, they are submitted and a Distriction Index is Calculated. What equation is used to Calculate the Distraction Index

A

D = Distance Center Moves Laterally

R = Radius Of Femoral Head

*Ex. A Distraction Index of 0.75 is Very Big- A Lot of Laxity

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2
Q

Infection of the Disk that Results in Destruction of the Endplates

A

Discospondylitis

*Need Two Radiographic Views on these Dogs- Lateral and Dorsoventral or Ventrodorsal

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2
Q

CHRONIC Disk Disease where the Annulus/Nucleus Protrudes into the vertebral canal with Spinal Cord compression that typically occurs in Large Breed Dogs

A

Hansen Type II

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2
Q

What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Herniated Disc within the Vertebral Canal

*Are these Herniated Disks the Cause of the Dogs Problem?- Can’t tell, these could be Chronic Type II Disks and Clinically Insignificant

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2
Q

When Performing a Spinal MRI, if we Perfom a _____ Image we will Only see the Fluid within the Subarachnoid Space

A

STIR

*STIR- Gets rid of the Signal from Fat

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4
Q
A

Must be distinguished from an Underexposed Radiograph

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4
Q

On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 1:00-2:00. What does the Bulge Represent?

A

Main Pulmonary Artery

*Enlargment of Main Pulmonary Artery- Common in Heartworm

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4
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in these Radiographs

A

Osteochondrosis

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4
Q

Bone Condition that can Mimic Primary Bone Tumor, but is Often:

Polyostotic (More than One Bone)

A

Fungal Osteomyelitis

*Are you in an Endemic Region? California and Arizona- Coccidiodomycosis. Ohio River Valley Area- Blastomycosis

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4
Q

Typical Extradural Appreance of a ____

A

Type II Disc Herniation

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6
Q
A

Low

*Salter Harris Type I Fracture

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6
Q

Radiographs show Hip Dysplasia under ______ Classification

A

OFA

*Problems with OFA- Not evaluating Joint Laxity and is Extremely Subjective

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7
Q

_____ Ventricular Hypertrophy is More Common and Characterized by:

Increased Sternal Contact

Elevation of Apex from Sternum

Backward “D” Appearance

A

Right

*Causes of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy- Pulmonic Stenosis, Heartworm

*Backward “D” Appearance

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7
Q

Heart Condition seen in this Radiograph

A

Left Atrial Dilation

*Left Atrial Dilation- Best Seen in Lateral View

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7
Q

Know this Chart

A

*Lysis or Sclerosis is not a Factor of Bone Aggressiveness- The Opacity of the Lesion doesn’t tell us whether a Lesion is aggressive or Not

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8
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Hip Osteoarthritis

*Osteophytes are detected

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9
Q

Physeal Fracture Classification System where the Chance of a Secondary growth anomaly is much Higher as the Ranking Increases

A

Salter Harris

*Growth Plate Fracture Classification- Applies Only to Skeletally Immature Patients

*Chance of Secondary Growth Anomaly is much Higher with Type V than with Any other Type. Hardly ever get a Secondary Growth Anomaly with a Salter Harris Type I Fracture

*Salter Harris V- Compression Injury of the Growth Plate. Cannot Diagnose Radiographically

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9
Q

The Earliest Radiographic sign of Canine Hip Dysplasia

A

Joint Laxity

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10
Q

What can be seen in this Radiograph of Bone

A

Metatarsal Sequestrum

*Periosteum is Damaged, which can lead to Sequestration because of the Disruption of the Blood Supply- The piece of Bone dies off (Necrosis)

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10
Q

Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Spinal Cord Abnormality with these Clinical Signs:

Lumbosacral Pain

Reduced Tail Wagging- Caudal Nerve

Weakness/Lameness in One or Both Hind Limbs- Sciatic Nerve

Severe Compression of Nerve Roots

Fecal and Urinary Incontinence- Pudendal Nerve

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

*Large Dog Problem

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11
Q

Inherited Debilitating Coxofemoral Dysplasia primarily affecting Large Dogs that causes Joint Laxity and Degenerative Joint Disease

A

Canine Hip Dysplasia

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12
Q

What Condition is Depicted in this Radiograph?

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

*Backward “D” Appearance and Elevation of Apex from the Sternum

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14
Q

On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 9:30-11:30. What does the Bulge Represent?

A

Right Atrium

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14
Q

Bone Healed in an Abnormal Position

A

Malunion

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15
Q

This Radiograph Shows Necrotic Cartilage that Breaks Free. What is this Called?

A

Joint Fragments (Mice)

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16
Q

Polyostotic Bone Condition that is Usually due to Surgery or Wound that is Very Rare in Dogs and Cats

A

Bacterial Osteomyelitis

*Polyostotic- Occuring in Many Bones

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16
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Canine Hip Dysplasia

*Acetabulum doesn’t cover 50% of the Femoral Head

*Canine Hip Dysplasia leads to Osteoarthritis

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17
Q

Which of the Following Conditions is Best Seen on Radiograph

A

Left Atrial Dilation

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18
Q

Injection of Positive Contrast medium into Subarachnoid Space that can be Useful for Diagnosing Disc Herniation

A

Myelography

*Being Replaced by CT or MRI

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18
Q

Spinal Cord Condition Detected on this MRI

A

Type II Disc Herniation

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19
Q

Treatment for Ununited Anconeal Process

A

Removal or Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy

*Photo- Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy

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19
Q

Review Card: Radiographs of Type I-V Salter Harris Growth Plate Fractures

A

*No Radiographic Manifestations of a Salter Harris Type V, which is the most severe Kind

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19
Q

Inflammation of the Biceps Brachii Tendon and its Surrounding Synovial Sheath that leads to Mineralization and Osteophytes in the Intertubercular Groove

A

Bicipital Tenosynovitis

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19
Q

Distraction Index Greater than ____ is Associated with Significant Incidence of Degenerative Joint Disease

A

> 0.3

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21
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected on this Radiograph

A

Osteophytes

*New Bone forming at the edge of the Articular Cartilage- Sharp Triangular Projection of Bone

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22
Q

Disc Protrusion also called “Missile Disc” characterized by Acute Herniation of Hydrated Nucleus Pulposus leading to Spinal Cord Swelling and Bruising

A

ANNPE (Missile Disc)

Acute Non-Compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion

*This occurs in disks that are NON-Degenerative

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22
Q

Spinal Condition Detected on this MRI in the L7-S1 Area

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

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23
Q

What Spinal Cord Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Atlanto Axial Subluxation

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24
Q

Both of these are Radiographs of Normal Hearts. Distinguish Which Radiograph is the Ventral Dorsal View versus the Dorsal Ventral View

A

Left Radiograph- Ventral Dorsal View

Right Radiograph- Dorsal Ventral View

*In the Dorsal Ventral view the animal is in Sternal Recumbancy, and the Left Ventricle of the Heart will be Pointed more towards the Left Side

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24
Q

What Bone Condition is Pointed out in this Radiograph that is common in Patients with Elbow Dysplasia

A

Ununited Anconeal Process

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25
Q

If a Patient is Suspected of having a Traumatic Spinal Lesion, What is the Only Radiographic View we should Initially Take?

A

Lateral View

*One do a Lateral View in a Patient with Spinal Trauma because you don’t want to bend the dog around too much trying to take other views- Setting up a HORIZONTAL beam may work best

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26
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph of the Humerus

A

Distal Humeral Osteochondrosis

*Osteochondrosis on the Humerus or Femur most commonly occurs on the Medial Side- Weight Bearing Side

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27
Q

What Condition can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

*Heart is Enlarged and Lungs shows Pulmonary Edema (Increased Opacitiy in the Lung)

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27
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Osteoarthritis

*Joint Effusion and Osteophytes are seen

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28
Q
A

No

*Cortex is not Destroyed, Distinct Transition Zone, and the Periosteal Reaction is Smooth

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30
Q

Most Common Cause of Left Sided Heart Failure and Secondary Pulmonary Edema

A

Mitral Valve Degeneration

*Increased Pressure in the Left Atrium where Blood will Push back into the Lungs from the Left Atrium- Pulmonary Edema

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30
Q

Radiographic Signs of which Bone Condition:

Flattening or Concavity of Subchondral Bone

Adjacent Sclerosis

+/- Mineralized Flap

A

Osteochondrosis/Osteochondritis Dissecans

*Osteochondrosis is commonly Bilateral! If you suspect Osteochondrosis on one side, you should take radiographs of the Other side as well

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31
Q

What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph?

A

Pericardial Fat

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32
Q

Very Common Bone Condition in Medium and Large Breed Dogs with these Characteristics:

New Bone Formation on Proximal Aspect of Anconeal Process

Blunted Appearance of Medial Coroniod Process

A

Fractured Medial Coronoid Process

*Medial Coronoid Fragment is Difficult to Detect Radiographically because it is Superimposed on Radius and Ulna in Each View

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32
Q

True/False: This is a Radiograph of a Fractured Ulna

A

False

*This is a Normal Growth Plate- Normal Physes

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34
Q

Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what Bone Condition can be seen on the other Radiographs?

A

Fractured Medial Coronoid Process

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35
Q

True/False: Antebrachium Diaphyseal Fractures in Toy Breeds heal Slowly and have Greater Complications

A

True

_*_Ex. Chiuahua and Pomeranians- Will take a very long time to Heal

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36
Q

What Heart Condition causes Splaying of Main Stem Bronchi seen in this Radiograph

A

Left Atrial Dilation

*Can Also see the Bulge of the Left Auricle

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37
Q

Wher is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?

A

Intradural-Extramedullary

*Nerve Root Tumor- Golf Tee Sign

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39
Q

Ex. A Dachshund comes into the clinic with Acute Pelvic Limb Paralysis. Thoracic Limbs are Normal with Normal Reflexes. Patient doesn’t have Conscious Proprioception of the Hind Limbs. Patellar Hyperreflexia is seen. What part of the Spinal Cord would you CT?

A

T2-L3

*KNOW THIS- always on quiz

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39
Q

Spinal Cord Condition detected in this MRI

A

ANNPE (Missile Disc)

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40
Q

Common Spinal Condition where New Bone Proliferation originating from Ventral aspect of Vertebral Body near the Endplate that is associated with Annular Degeneration and Tearing

A

Spondylosis

*Usually NOT Clinically Significant- KNOW THIS

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41
Q

Distal Ulnar Physis is Very Susceptible to Type V Fractures. Type V Fractures of the Ulnar Physis will lead to Insufficient Ulnar Growth and Result in One of what Three Outcomes

A

Humeroulnar Subluxation

Bowed Radius

Valgus of Manus (Paw Deviates Laterally)

*Only a Problem in Skeletally Immature Dogs

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43
Q

Radiographic Signs of _____:

Joint Effusion (Increase in Joint Fluid)

Subchondral Sclerosis (Increased Bone Density)

Osteophytes

Fragments and Subchondral Cysts

A

Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)

*Osteophyte- Osseous Metaplasia of Articular Cartilage

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45
Q

Five Favorite Sites of Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)

A

Proximal Humerus and Distal Radius (Away from Elbow)

Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia (Toward the Stifle)

Distal Tibia (Except Distal Tibia)

*KNOW THESE 5 SITES

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46
Q

Three Signs of an Aggressive Bone Lesion

A

Cortical Destruction

Active Periosteal Reaction

Non Distinct Transition Zone

*Transition Zone- Border between Normal and Abnormal Bone

47
Q

Most common Primary Bone Tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

*Most Common Metaphyseal Monostatic Aggressive Lesion

47
Q

What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?

A

STIR MRI

*Diminished the Signal from Fat- Nuclei Pulposus- Very White

49
Q

Screening Method for Hip Dysplasia that is Designed to Detect Joint Laxity

A

PennHIP

*Employs Joint Positioning that does not place Torque on Joint Capsule

*Technique is designed to Image Maximal Joint Laxity, not DJD

50
Q

On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 2:00-5:00. What does the Bulge Represent?

A

Left Ventricle

51
Q

What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Indistinct Transition Zone

*Cannot see the Margin of the Lesion Well

51
Q

What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?

A

Myelogram

*Radiograph where the white lines Represent Contrast Medium within the Subarachnoid Space

52
Q

If the Pulmonary Artery is Larger than the Pulmonary Vein (A > V), what condition does the Patient have?

A

Pulmonary Hypertension

*Caused by Heartworms or Pulmonary Fibrosis

52
Q
A

Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process

52
Q

Is this Bone Lesion Aggressive or Non Aggressive?

A

Aggressive

*Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction

53
Q

T13 is Often ___; the Vertebra at a junction between Two anatomic segments has the characteristics of Both

A

Transitional

*T13- Sometimes there are no Ribs connected and Sometimes there is Only One Rib

55
Q
A

Medial Trochlea of the Talus

56
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Tibial Crest Avulsion

56
Q

Most Common Degenerative Joint Disease that is a Very common Cause of Lameness

A

Osteoarthritis

*Most commonly due to Normal Cartilage and Abnormal Biomechanics

58
Q

Common Fracture Healing in Veterinary Medicine Characterized by:

Some Motion at Fracture Sight

Callus Formation

Callus will Diminish as Stability Returns

A

Secondary Healing

*Motion at Fracture Site- Fixation is not perfectly Rigid

5-10 Days- Loose Sharp Margins

10-20 Days- Early Callus, Decreasing Fracture Gap

30 Days- Fracture Line Disapearing

3 Months- Remodeled Callus

60
Q

True/False: This is a Radiograph of a Fractured Medial Coronoid Process

A

True

*Blunted Medial Coronoid Process

62
Q
A

No

*Distinct Transition Zone- Margin of the Lesion is well Defined

63
Q

Gold Standard for Diangosing Disc Herniation

A

MRI

*CT and MRI are the best methods

64
Q
A

Osteosarcoma

*Two Joints are affected- Left Tarsus and Right Tarsus- Cannot be a Primary Bone Tumor (Osteosarcoma)

65
Q

Rule of Thumb: In the Dorsal Ventral View, Pulmonary Vessels should be the Same Size as the Right ____Rib at their point of Intersection

A

9th

67
Q

Main Difference Seen between Right Lateral Versus Left Lateral Radiographs of the Heart

A

Right Lateral- Only see Three of the Cranial Pulmonary Vessels

Left Lateral- See all Four Cranial Pulmonary Vessels- Conspicuity of Pulmonary Vessels is better in Left Lateral

*Left Lateral may be better if you are concerned about Heart Failure

68
Q
A

E. Left Auricular Enlargment

68
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph of the Femur

A

Distal Femoral Osteochondrosis

69
Q

What are the Arrows pointing to in this Radiograph of Bone

A

Nutrient Foramen

*Major Artery Enters through the Nutrient Foramen. Don’t confuse the Nutrient Forament with a Fracture

69
Q

Life-Threatening Developmental Systemic Disease of Rapidly Growing Young Dogs in Large and Giant Breed (Great Danes, Weimaraner) that is characterized by:

Double Physis sign

A

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

71
Q

What Joint Condition is Detected on this Radiograph?

A

Subchondral Cysts

71
Q

What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Atlanto-Axial Subluxation

*Typically seen in Toy Breed Dogs

72
Q

On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 2:00-3:00. What does the Bulge Represent?

A

Left Auricle

*The Left Auricle is between 2-3 O Clock

73
Q

____ Detection of Disc Herniation:

Fast and Non-Invasive

Cannot Assess Spinal Cord Injury

Disc Material Must Be Mineralized

A

CT

*Big Disadvantage- Cannot assess anything about the Spinal Cord

*CT only works if the disk if Calcified

74
Q

Anatomic Defect between Peritoneal and Pericardial Cavities allowing Migration of Organs that is characterized by:

Globular Cardiac Silhouette

Cardiac Silhouettes with Diaphragm

Heterogenous Opacity of Cardiac Silhouette

A

Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia (PPDH)

75
Q
A

False

*We cannot Diagnose Cranial Crutiate Ligament Rupture Radiographically- We use indirect signs to Detect it such as Joint Laxity and Joint Effusion

76
Q

To Compensate for Beam Divergence when Radiographing the Spine, Make ______, Not a dog-o-gram

A

Multiple Exposures

*Ex. If you want to Radiograph the whole spine you may need 6 Lateral Views- Take Multiple Radiographs. DO NOT USE DOG-O-GRAMS

78
Q

True/False: Heart Failure is Detected in this Radiograph

A

False

*No Heart Failure- No Lung Pattern

80
Q
A

Incomplete Humeral Condyle Ossification

*Very Common in Spaniels

81
Q

Two Conditions that can cause:

Spinal Cord Bruising

Spinal Necrosis

Spinal Hemorrhage

Spinal Inflammation

Spinal Edema

A

Type 1 Herniation

ANNPE

82
Q

Spinal Condition that is Normally NOT Clinically Significant

A

Spondylosis

*If a Dog comes in with Spinal Pain and you see Spondylosis- You still haven’t found the cause of the Pain

83
Q

Fracture Complication that is usually the Result of Salter Harris Type V Fractures and most common in the Antebrachium

A

Physeal Growth Abnormalities

*Distal Ulnar Physis very susceptible to Type V Fractures- Leading to Insufficient Ulnar Growth

85
Q

What Joint Deformity is Detected on this Radiograph?

A

Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)

*Osteophytes

86
Q

What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Irregular (Active) Periosteal Reaction

*Can see New Periosteal Bone Growth- Active Periosteal Reaction

*The Periosteum is Proliferating in Response to Something

87
Q

What is the Arrow Pointing at in this Radiograph?

A

Caudal Circumflex Humural Blood Vessel

*Don’t Diagnose as a Bone Fragment or Joint Mice

88
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Panosteitis

*Increased Medullary Opacity

*Commonly Panosteitis Spontaneously Resolves after a Couple Months- In the Radiograph on the Left the patient has Panosteitis. In the Radiograph on the Right the Radioluscency has Returned to the Medullary Cavity of the Bones.

90
Q

Progressive Cervical Myelopathy that is Common in Dobermans and Great Danes characterized by:

Vertebral Canal Stenosis

Articular Process Hyperostosis

Cervical Malalignment

A

Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobblers Disease)

91
Q

Abnormality at the Lumbosacral Junction (L7-S1) caused by:

Chronic Instability

Spondylosis

Disc Protrusion

Stenosis of Vertebral Canal

A

Cauda Equine Syndrome

*Very Common Problem that leads to Nerve Root Impingement

93
Q

On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 11:30-12:30. What does the Bulge Represent?

A

Aorta Arch (AA)

*Enlargment of Aorta- Common in Congenital Aortic Stenosis

94
Q

Two Screening Methods to Assess Canine Hip Dysplasia

A

OFA Extended Hip View

PennHIP (Better Method)

95
Q
A

Lateral

*Photo- Red Outline around the Medial Corinoid Process

96
Q

Best View to Assess Pulmonary Vessels

A

Left Lateral

*Left Lateral is Better because we can see All Four Blood Vessels

99
Q

Where is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?

A

Extradural

*Disk Herniation/ Protrusion

100
Q

What Polyostotic Bone Condition is Detected in these Radiographs?

A

Fungal Osteomyelitis

*Aggressive Lesion on the Left Radiograph- Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone

*Aggression Lesion on the Right Radiograph- Active Periosteum, Cortex Destruction, Indistinct Transition Zone

*This Lesion is Proximal to the Elbow- Primary Tumors do not commonly occur close to the Elbow- Asprirate Proved it was Fungal Osteomyelitis

101
Q

What Polyostotic Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Fungal Osteomyelitis

*Polyostotic- Occuring in More than One Bone

*Need to Do Aspirate to get Definitive Diagnosis

102
Q

What does the Bulge on this Radiograph of the Heart Represent

A

Left Auricle

*The Left Auricle Typically Enlarges in Patients with Left Atrial Dilation

104
Q
A

Osteochondrosis without Joint Mouse

105
Q

Most Common Heart Condition characterized by:

Elevation of Carina

Splitting of Principle Bronchi (Y Sign)

Compression of the Left Bronchi Branch (Coughing)

A

Left Atrial Dilation

*Cause- Mitral Valve Disease

*Compression of Left Bronchi- Patients Present with Coughing

*Echocardiogram still better for Complete Characteriziation

106
Q

Fracture has not healed in the Time excpected

A

Delayed Union

108
Q

What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph

A

Pericardial Fat

109
Q

Spinal Condition that is Detected in this Radiograph of a 2 Year Old Doberman

A

Cervical Spondylomylopathy (Canine Wobblers)

111
Q

Bone Condition of Adolescent Toy and Small Breed Dogs where Compromised Blood Supply to the Femoral Head Causes Bone Necrosis while Overlying Cartilage Continues to Grow

A

Asceptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)

112
Q
A

Yes

*Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction, Cortex is Destroyed and there is an Indirect Transition Zone- Typical Primary Bone Tumor in a Dog

113
Q

What Aggressive Bone Lesion is Detected in this Radiograph

A

Cortex Destruction

*Aggressive Lesion because the Cortex is Gone

114
Q
A

Detected

114
Q

Test Used for Detection of Disc Herniation:

Quick

Not Based on Disc Mineralization

Assess the Integrity of the Spinal Cord

The BEST Test

A

MRI

*Gold Standard for Brain and Spinal Cord Injury in Veterinary Medicine

115
Q

What Condition can bee Seen in this Radiograph of the Heart

A

Main Pulmonary Artery Enlargment

*Bulge is Between 1-2 O Clock

*Can be Due to Heartworm or Pulmonic Stenosis

116
Q

Spinal Cord Condition detected in this MRI

A

Type I Disc Herniation

117
Q

What Disease can be Diagnosed in this Spinal Radiograph

A

Wobblers Disease

*Osteophytic Articular Processes caused Extradural Spinal Cord Compression

118
Q
A

Is Just Fine

*Good Secondary Healing

120
Q

Predilection Site for Osteochondrosis and Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Caudal Humeral Head

*Most Common Location for Osteochondrosis

122
Q

Hallmark Sign of what Spinal Cord Condition is Endplate Lysis

A

Discospondylitis

*Usually Staph Intermedius or Brucella- Usually via Hematogenous Route from UTI

123
Q

Review of Radiographic Cardiac Anatomy

A
125
Q

What Heart condition can be seen in this Radiograph

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

*Left Atrial Dilation is Present and the Arteries and Veins are Enlarged

127
Q

What Condition can be see in these Radiographs of the Heart?

A

Arterial Enlargment

*Pulmonary Arteries are Larger than the Pulmonary Veins

128
Q

Review of Bone Anatomy

A

Chart Outlining Disease Predilection Sites

*Osteosarcoma occurs in the Metaphyseal Area of the Bone

*Fractures can occur anywhere, however are predisposed to the weaker areas of the Bone. Ex. Physis. The Physis is Radioluscent and is Predisposed to Fractures because it’s weaker than the remaining Bone

*Osteochondrosis occurs within the Epiphysis of of the Bone

130
Q

Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what are the Arrows Pointing to in the Other Three Radiographs?

A

Fractured Medial Coronoid Process

*New Bone Formation on Proximal aspect of Anconeal Process

131
Q

Dog Cannot be Certified as Hip Dysplasia Free until ____ Months of Age

A

24

*2 Years Old

133
Q
A

C. 2-3 o’Clock

134
Q

Condition of the Heart that can be seen in this Radiograph

A

Left Atrial Dilation (Enlargment)

135
Q

If the Pulmonary Vein is Larger than the Pulmonary Artery

(V > A), What Condition would does the Patient have?

A

Venous Hypertension

*Caused by Mitral Valve Insufficiency

136
Q

Cauda Equine Syndrome is Predisposed by Lumbosacral ____ Vertebra

A

Transitional

137
Q

True/False: This Radiograph depicts an Ununited Anconeal Process

A

False

*Radiograph shows Secondary Center of Ossification that is common in Larger Breed Dogs

138
Q

What condition is Occuring in this Radiograph of the Heart?

A

Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Enlargment

140
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Subluxation of Humeroulnar Joint

141
Q

What Bone Condition can be Seen in this Radiograph of a Horse

A

Osteochondrosis of the Tarsus

142
Q

Characteristic of _____:

Monostotic (One Bone)

Metaphyseal

Favors Large and Giant Breed Dogs

A

Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)

*Metaphyseal- Most Primary Bone tumors begin in the Metaphysis

143
Q

Type of Disk Disease common in Chondrodystrophic Dogs (Dachshunds) where there is ACUTE Herniation of Degenerate Nuclear Material Into Vertebral Canal with Spinal Cord Compression

A

Hansen Type I

*Shoots out like a Bullet

144
Q

Radiographic Signs of which Bone Condition:

Lysis of Femoral Head/Neck

Widening of Joint Space

Microfacture and Deformation of Femoral Head

A

Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)

*Joint Space looks widened because of the Cartilage

*Femoral Head looks Mishaped and Irregular

145
Q

Spinal Condition detected in this Radiograph

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

*Radiographs are NOT Diagnostic- Need CT or MRI

147
Q

What kind of MRI image is this?

A

T2 MRI

*Water and Fat have High Signal (White)

148
Q

Where is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph

A

Intramedullary

*Spinal Cord gets “Bigger”

150
Q

Fracture Complication where Infected Devitalized Bone Fragments Separate from the Parent Bone

A

Sequestrum

*Sharp Bone Fragment in the Center of the Cavity

152
Q

What Bone Condition can be Detected in this Radiograph

A

Osteochondrosis

*Marked Assymetry in the Left Radiograph

153
Q

If the Pulmonary Arteries and Pulmonary Veins are Enlarged, What 3 Conditions may the Patient have?

A

Shunt: Left to Right

Fluid Overload

Fluid Retention

154
Q

All Fracture healing has Stopped and Fragments have not United

A

Nonunion

155
Q

Only Lesion seen within the Intradural-Extramedullary Space

A

Nerve Root Tumor

*Golf Tee Sign

156
Q

What Bone Condition is detected in this Radiograph?

A

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

*Double Physis Sign

157
Q

What condition can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Heart

A

Pericardial Effusion

*Cardiac Silhouette becomes Round- Fluid has same opacity as Heart therefore the Heart will just look Very Rounded

159
Q

What Condition can be Seen in these Radiographs of the Heart

A

Venous Enlargement

*Pulmonary Veins are Larger than the Pulmonary Arteries

160
Q

Bacterial Infection of the Intervertebral Disk that results in Destruction of the Adjacent End Plates causing Severe Back Pain

A

Discospondylitis

*Hallmark Sign- Endplate Lysis

161
Q

What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?

A

T2 MRI

*Dots Represent Hydrated Nuclei- Nucleus Propulsi

162
Q

What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?

A

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

Diagnostic Imaging (4 decks)

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