Quiz 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Self Limiting Disease of Large Breed Dogs with Shifting Leg Lameness characterized by:
Increased Medullary Opacity
Lesion often Begins at the Nutrient Foramen
A
Panosteitis
1
Q
A
Yes
*Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone
1
Q
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph
A
Joint Effusion
2
Q
What Bone Condition can be Detected in these Radiographs
A
Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)
2
Q
Once the Radiographs are made using PenHIP Screening, they are submitted and a Distriction Index is Calculated. What equation is used to Calculate the Distraction Index
A
D = Distance Center Moves Laterally
R = Radius Of Femoral Head
*Ex. A Distraction Index of 0.75 is Very Big- A Lot of Laxity
2
Q
Infection of the Disk that Results in Destruction of the Endplates
A
Discospondylitis
*Need Two Radiographic Views on these Dogs- Lateral and Dorsoventral or Ventrodorsal
2
Q
CHRONIC Disk Disease where the Annulus/Nucleus Protrudes into the vertebral canal with Spinal Cord compression that typically occurs in Large Breed Dogs
A
Hansen Type II
2
Q
What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
A
Herniated Disc within the Vertebral Canal
*Are these Herniated Disks the Cause of the Dogs Problem?- Can’t tell, these could be Chronic Type II Disks and Clinically Insignificant
2
Q
When Performing a Spinal MRI, if we Perfom a _____ Image we will Only see the Fluid within the Subarachnoid Space
A
STIR
*STIR- Gets rid of the Signal from Fat
4
Q
A
Must be distinguished from an Underexposed Radiograph
4
Q
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between 1:00-2:00. What does the Bulge Represent?
A
Main Pulmonary Artery
*Enlargment of Main Pulmonary Artery- Common in Heartworm
4
Q
What Bone Condition is Detected in these Radiographs
A
Osteochondrosis
4
Q
Bone Condition that can Mimic Primary Bone Tumor, but is Often:
Polyostotic (More than One Bone)
A
Fungal Osteomyelitis
*Are you in an Endemic Region? California and Arizona- Coccidiodomycosis. Ohio River Valley Area- Blastomycosis
4
Q
Typical Extradural Appreance of a ____
A
Type II Disc Herniation
6
Q
A
Low
*Salter Harris Type I Fracture
6
Q
Radiographs show Hip Dysplasia under ______ Classification
A
OFA
*Problems with OFA- Not evaluating Joint Laxity and is Extremely Subjective
7
Q
_____ Ventricular Hypertrophy is More Common and Characterized by:
Increased Sternal Contact
Elevation of Apex from Sternum
Backward “D” Appearance
A
Right
*Causes of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy- Pulmonic Stenosis, Heartworm
*Backward “D” Appearance
7
Q
Heart Condition seen in this Radiograph
A
Left Atrial Dilation
*Left Atrial Dilation- Best Seen in Lateral View
7
Q
Know this Chart
A
*Lysis or Sclerosis is not a Factor of Bone Aggressiveness- The Opacity of the Lesion doesn’t tell us whether a Lesion is aggressive or Not
8
Q
What Joint Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
A
Hip Osteoarthritis
*Osteophytes are detected
9
Q
Physeal Fracture Classification System where the Chance of a Secondary growth anomaly is much Higher as the Ranking Increases
A
Salter Harris
*Growth Plate Fracture Classification- Applies Only to Skeletally Immature Patients
*Chance of Secondary Growth Anomaly is much Higher with Type V than with Any other Type. Hardly ever get a Secondary Growth Anomaly with a Salter Harris Type I Fracture
*Salter Harris V- Compression Injury of the Growth Plate. Cannot Diagnose Radiographically
9
Q
The Earliest Radiographic sign of Canine Hip Dysplasia
A
Joint Laxity
10
Q
What can be seen in this Radiograph of Bone
A
Metatarsal Sequestrum
*Periosteum is Damaged, which can lead to Sequestration because of the Disruption of the Blood Supply- The piece of Bone dies off (Necrosis)
10
Q
Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Spinal Cord Abnormality with these Clinical Signs:
Lumbosacral Pain
Reduced Tail Wagging- Caudal Nerve
Weakness/Lameness in One or Both Hind Limbs- Sciatic Nerve
Severe Compression of Nerve Roots
Fecal and Urinary Incontinence- Pudendal Nerve
A
Cauda Equina Syndrome
*Large Dog Problem
11
Inherited Debilitating **Coxofemoral Dysplasia** primarily affecting Large Dogs that causes _Joint Laxity and Degenerative Joint Disease_
**Canine Hip Dysplasia**
12
What Condition is Depicted in this Radiograph?
**Right Ventricular Hypertrophy**
_\*Backward "D" Appearance and Elevation of Apex from the Sternum_
14
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between _9:30-11:30_. What does the Bulge Represent?
**Right Atrium**
14
Bone Healed in an Abnormal Position
**Malunion**
15
This Radiograph Shows _Necrotic Cartilage that Breaks Free._ What is this Called?
**Joint Fragments (Mice)**
16
**Polyostotic** Bone Condition that is **Usually due to Surgery or Wound** that is Very Rare in Dogs and Cats
**Bacterial Osteomyelitis**
**\***Polyostotic- Occuring in Many Bones
16
What **Joint Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Canine Hip Dysplasia**
**\***Acetabulum doesn't cover 50% of the Femoral Head
_\*Canine Hip Dysplasia leads to Osteoarthritis_
17
Which of the Following Conditions is Best Seen on **Radiograph**
**Left Atrial Dilation**
18
Injection of Positive Contrast medium into Subarachnoid Space that can be Useful for Diagnosing Disc Herniation
**Myelography**
**\***Being Replaced by CT or MRI
18
**Spinal Cord** Condition Detected on this MRI
**Type II Disc Herniation**
19
Treatment for **Ununited Anconeal Process**
**Removal or Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy**
**\***Photo- Fixation with Ulnar Osteotomy
19
Review Card: _Radiographs of Type I-V Salter Harris Growth Plate Fractures_
_\*No Radiographic Manifestations of a Salter Harris Type V, which is the most severe Kind_
19
**Inflammation of the Biceps Brachii Tendon** and its Surrounding Synovial Sheath that leads to Mineralization and Osteophytes in the Intertubercular Groove
**Bicipital Tenosynovitis**
19
**Distraction Index** Greater than ____ is Associated with Significant Incidence of **Degenerative Joint Disease**
**\> 0.3**
21
What **Joint Condition** is Detected on this Radiograph
**Osteophytes**
**\***New Bone forming at the edge of the Articular Cartilage- Sharp Triangular Projection of Bone
22
Disc Protrusion also called "Missile Disc" characterized by _Acute Herniation of **Hydrated** Nucleus Pulposus_ leading to Spinal Cord Swelling and Bruising
**ANNPE (Missile Disc)**
**Acute Non-Compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion**
**\***_This occurs in disks that are NON-Degenerative_
22
Spinal Condition Detected on this MRI in the **L7-S1** Area
**Cauda Equina Syndrome**
23
What Spinal Cord Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Atlanto Axial Subluxation**
24
Both of these are Radiographs of Normal Hearts. Distinguish Which Radiograph is the _Ventral Dorsal View versus the Dorsal Ventral View_
**Left Radiograph- Ventral Dorsal View**
**Right Radiograph- Dorsal Ventral View**
**\***In the Dorsal Ventral view the animal is in Sternal Recumbancy, and the Left Ventricle of the Heart will be Pointed more towards the Left Side
24
What **Bone Condition** is Pointed out in this Radiograph that is common in Patients with _Elbow Dysplasia_
**Ununited Anconeal Process**
25
If a Patient is Suspected of having a **Traumatic Spinal Lesion,** What is the Only Radiographic View we should Initially Take?
**Lateral View**
_**\***One do a Lateral View in a Patient with Spinal Trauma because you don't want to bend the dog around too much trying to take other views- Setting up a HORIZONTAL beam may work best_
26
What **Bone Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph of the Humerus
**Distal Humeral Osteochondrosis**
**\***Osteochondrosis on the Humerus or Femur most commonly occurs on the _Medial Side- Weight Bearing Side_
27
What Condition can be Diagnosed in this Radiograph
**Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy**
**\***_Heart is Enlarged and Lungs shows Pulmonary Edema (Increased Opacitiy in the Lung)_
27
What **Joint Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Osteoarthritis**
_\*Joint Effusion and Osteophytes are seen_
28
**No**
\*Cortex is not Destroyed, Distinct Transition Zone, and the _Periosteal Reaction is Smooth_
30
Most Common Cause of **Left Sided Heart Failure and Secondary Pulmonary Edema**
**Mitral Valve Degeneration**
**\***Increased Pressure in the Left Atrium where Blood will Push back into the Lungs from the Left Atrium- Pulmonary Edema
30
Radiographic Signs of which Bone Condition:
_Flattening or Concavity of Subchondral Bone_
_Adjacent Sclerosis_
_+/- Mineralized Flap_
**Osteochondrosis/Osteochondritis Dissecans**
**\***_Osteochondrosis is commonly Bilateral_! If you suspect Osteochondrosis on one side, you should take radiographs of the Other side as well
31
What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph?
**Pericardial Fat**
32
Very Common **Bone Condition** in Medium and Large Breed Dogs with these Characteristics:
**_New Bone Formation on Proximal Aspect of Anconeal Process_**
_Blunted Appearance of Medial Coroniod Process_
**Fractured Medial Coronoid Process**
\*Medial Coronoid Fragment is Difficult to Detect Radiographically because it is Superimposed on Radius and Ulna in Each View
32
True/False: This is a Radiograph of a **Fractured Ulna**
**False**
\*_This is a Normal Growth Plate- Normal Physes_
34
Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what Bone Condition can be seen on the other Radiographs?
**Fractured Medial Coronoid Process**
35
True/False: **Antebrachium Diaphyseal Fractures** in Toy Breeds heal Slowly and have Greater Complications
**True**
_\*_Ex. Chiuahua and Pomeranians- Will take a very long time to Heal
36
What **Heart Condition** causes _Splaying of Main Stem Bronchi_ seen in this Radiograph
**Left Atrial Dilation**
**\***Can Also see the _Bulge of the Left Auricle_
37
Wher is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?
**Intradural-Extramedullary**
**\***_Nerve Root Tumor- Golf Tee Sign_
39
Ex. A Dachshund comes into the clinic with Acute Pelvic Limb Paralysis. Thoracic Limbs are Normal with Normal Reflexes. Patient doesn't have Conscious Proprioception of the Hind Limbs. **Patellar Hyperreflexia** is seen. What part of the Spinal Cord would you CT?
**T2-L3**
**\***KNOW THIS- always on quiz
39
Spinal Cord Condition detected in this MRI
**ANNPE (Missile Disc)**
40
Common Spinal Condition where **New Bone Proliferation originating from Ventral aspect of Vertebral Body** near the Endplate that is associated with Annular Degeneration and Tearing
**Spondylosis**
_**\***Usually NOT Clinically Significant- KNOW THIS_
41
**Distal Ulnar Physis** is Very Susceptible to Type V Fractures. Type V Fractures of the Ulnar Physis will lead to _Insufficient Ulnar Growth_ and Result in One of what _Three Outcomes_
**Humeroulnar Subluxation**
**Bowed Radius**
**Valgus of Manus** (Paw Deviates Laterally)
\*Only a Problem in Skeletally Immature Dogs
43
Radiographic Signs of \_\_\_\_\_:
_Joint Effusion (Increase in Joint Fluid)_
_Subchondral Sclerosis (Increased Bone Density)_
_Osteophytes_
_Fragments and Subchondral Cysts_
**Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)**
_\*Osteophyte- Osseous Metaplasia of Articular Cartilage_
45
Five Favorite Sites of **Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)**
**Proximal Humerus and Distal Radius** _(Away from Elbow)_
**Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia** (_Toward the Stifle)_
**Distal Tibia** (_Except Distal Tibia)_
_\*KNOW THESE 5 SITES_
46
Three Signs of an **Aggressive Bone Lesion**
**Cortical Destruction**
**Active Periosteal Reaction**
**Non Distinct Transition Zone**
\*Transition Zone- Border between Normal and Abnormal Bone
47
Most common **Primary Bone Tumor**
**Osteosarcoma**
_**\***Most Common Metaphyseal Monostatic Aggressive Lesion_
47
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
**STIR MRI**
**\***Diminished the Signal from Fat- _Nuclei Pulposus- Very White_
49
Screening Method for Hip Dysplasia that is Designed to Detect **Joint Laxity**
**PennHIP**
**\***Employs Joint Positioning that does not place Torque on Joint Capsule
_\*Technique is designed to Image Maximal Joint Laxity, not DJD_
50
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between _2:00-5:00._ What does the Bulge Represent?
**Left Ventricle**
51
What **Aggressive Bone Lesion** is Detected in this Radiograph
**Indistinct Transition Zone**
**\***Cannot see the Margin of the Lesion Well
51
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
**Myelogram**
**\***Radiograph where the white lines Represent Contrast Medium within the Subarachnoid Space
52
If the **Pulmonary Artery is Larger than the Pulmonary Vein (A \> V)**, what condition does the Patient have?
**Pulmonary Hypertension**
_**\***Caused by Heartworms or Pulmonary Fibrosis_
52
**Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process**
52
Is this Bone Lesion Aggressive or Non Aggressive?
**Aggressive**
_**\***Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction_
53
**T13** is Often \_\_\_; the Vertebra at a junction between Two anatomic segments has the characteristics of Both
**Transitional**
**\***_T13- Sometimes there are no Ribs connected and Sometimes there is Only One Rib_
55
**Medial Trochlea of the Talus**
56
What **Bone Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph
**Tibial Crest Avulsion**
56
**Most Common Degenerative Joint Disease** that is a Very common Cause of Lameness
**Osteoarthritis**
**\***_Most commonly due to Normal Cartilage and Abnormal Biomechanics_
58
Common **Fracture Healing** in Veterinary Medicine Characterized by:
_Some Motion at Fracture Sight_
_Callus Formation_
_Callus will Diminish as Stability Returns_
**Secondary Healing**
**\***Motion at Fracture Site- Fixation is not perfectly Rigid
5-10 Days- Loose Sharp Margins
10-20 Days- Early Callus, Decreasing Fracture Gap
30 Days- Fracture Line Disapearing
3 Months- Remodeled Callus
60
True/False: This is a Radiograph of a **Fractured Medial Coronoid Process**
**True**
**\***Blunted Medial Coronoid Process
62
**No**
_**\***Distinct Transition Zone- Margin of the Lesion is well Defined_
63
Gold Standard for Diangosing **Disc Herniation**
**MRI**
_\*CT and MRI are the best methods_
64
**Osteosarcoma**
_**\***Two Joints are affected- Left Tarsus and Right Tarsus- Cannot be a Primary Bone Tumor (Osteosarcoma)_
65
Rule of Thumb: In the **Dorsal Ventral** View, Pulmonary Vessels should be the Same Size as the Right \_\_\_\_Rib at their point of Intersection
**9th**
67
Main Difference Seen between _Right Lateral Versus Left Lateral_ Radiographs of the **Heart**
**Right Lateral- Only see Three of the Cranial Pulmonary Vessels**
**Left Lateral- See all Four Cranial Pulmonary Vessels- _Conspicuity of Pulmonary Vessels is better in Left Lateral_**
\*Left Lateral may be better if you are concerned about Heart Failure
68
**E. Left Auricular Enlargment**
68
What **Bone Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph of the Femur
**Distal Femoral Osteochondrosis**
69
What are the Arrows pointing to in this Radiograph of Bone
**Nutrient Foramen**
**\***Major Artery Enters through the Nutrient Foramen. Don't confuse the Nutrient Forament with a Fracture
69
**Life-Threatening** Developmental Systemic Disease of Rapidly Growing Young Dogs in Large and Giant Breed (Great Danes, Weimaraner) that is characterized by:
**Double Physis sign**
**Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy**
71
What **Joint Condition** is Detected on this Radiograph?
**Subchondral Cysts**
71
What Spine Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Atlanto-Axial Subluxation**
**\***Typically seen in Toy Breed Dogs
72
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between _2:00-3:00_. What does the Bulge Represent?
**Left Auricle**
**\***The Left Auricle is between 2-3 O Clock
73
\_\_\_\_ Detection of Disc Herniation:
_Fast and Non-Invasive_
_Cannot Assess Spinal Cord Injury_
**_Disc Material Must Be Mineralized_**
**CT**
**\***Big Disadvantage- Cannot assess anything about the Spinal Cord
_\*CT only works if the disk if Calcified_
74
Anatomic Defect between Peritoneal and Pericardial Cavities allowing Migration of Organs that is characterized by:
_Globular Cardiac Silhouette_
_Cardiac Silhouettes with Diaphragm_
_Heterogenous Opacity of Cardiac Silhouette_
**Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia (PPDH)**
75
**False**
_**\***We cannot Diagnose Cranial Crutiate Ligament Rupture Radiographically- We use indirect signs to Detect it such as Joint Laxity and Joint Effusion_
76
To Compensate for Beam Divergence when Radiographing the **Spine**, Make \_\_\_\_\_\_, Not a dog-o-gram
**Multiple Exposures**
**\***Ex. If you want to Radiograph the whole spine you may need 6 Lateral Views- Take Multiple Radiographs. DO NOT USE DOG-O-GRAMS
78
True/False: **Heart Failure** is Detected in this Radiograph
**False**
_**\***No Heart Failure- No Lung Pattern_
80
**Incomplete Humeral Condyle Ossification**
_\*Very Common in Spaniels_
81
Two Conditions that can cause:
_Spinal Cord Bruising_
_Spinal Necrosis_
_Spinal Hemorrhage_
_Spinal Inflammation_
_Spinal Edema_
**Type 1 Herniation**
**ANNPE**
82
Spinal Condition that is Normally _NOT Clinically Significant_
**Spondylosis**
**\***If a Dog comes in with Spinal Pain and you see Spondylosis- You still haven't found the cause of the Pain
83
**Fracture Complication** that is usually the Result of _Salter Harris Type V Fractures_ and most common in the Antebrachium
**Physeal Growth Abnormalities**
\*_Distal Ulnar Physis very susceptible to Type V Fractures- Leading to Insufficient Ulnar Growth_
85
What Joint Deformity is Detected on this Radiograph?
**Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)**
\*Osteophytes
86
What **Aggressive Bone Lesion** is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Irregular (Active) Periosteal Reaction**
**\***Can see New Periosteal Bone Growth- Active Periosteal Reaction
\*The Periosteum is Proliferating in Response to Something
87
What is the Arrow Pointing at in this Radiograph?
**Caudal Circumflex Humural Blood Vessel**
**\***Don't Diagnose as a Bone Fragment or Joint Mice
88
What **Bone Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph
**Panosteitis**
_**\***Increased Medullary Opacity_
\*Commonly Panosteitis Spontaneously Resolves after a Couple Months- In the Radiograph on the Left the patient has Panosteitis. In the Radiograph on the Right the Radioluscency has Returned to the Medullary Cavity of the Bones.
90
Progressive Cervical Myelopathy that is Common in _Dobermans and Great Danes_ characterized by:
_Vertebral Canal Stenosis_
_Articular Process Hyperostosis_
_Cervical Malalignment_
**Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobblers Disease)**
91
Abnormality at the Lumbosacral Junction **(L7-S1)** caused by:
_Chronic Instability_
_Spondylosis_
_Disc Protrusion_
_Stenosis of Vertebral Canal_
**Cauda Equine Syndrome**
**\***Very Common Problem that leads to Nerve Root Impingement
93
On Radiograph you see a Bulge between _11:30-12:30_. What does the Bulge Represent?
**Aorta Arch (AA)**
**\***Enlargment of Aorta- _Common in Congenital Aortic Stenosis_
94
Two Screening Methods to Assess **Canine Hip Dysplasia**
**OFA Extended Hip View**
**PennHIP** (Better Method)
95
**Lateral**
**\***Photo- Red Outline around the Medial Corinoid Process
96
Best View to Assess **Pulmonary Vessels**
**Left Lateral**
**\***Left Lateral is Better because we can see _All Four Blood Vessels_
99
Where is the Lesion Located in this Spinal Radiograph?
**Extradural**
_\*Disk Herniation/ Protrusion_
100
What **Polyostotic** **Bone Condition** is Detected in these Radiographs?
**Fungal Osteomyelitis**
**\***Aggressive Lesion on the Left Radiograph- Cortex Destruction and Indistinct Transition Zone
\*Aggression Lesion on the Right Radiograph- Active Periosteum, Cortex Destruction, Indistinct Transition Zone
\*_This Lesion is Proximal to the Elbow- Primary Tumors do not commonly occur close to the Elbow- Asprirate Proved it was Fungal Osteomyelitis_
101
What **Polyostotic Bone Lesion** is Detected in this Radiograph
**Fungal Osteomyelitis**
_**\***Polyostotic- Occuring in More than One Bone_
\*Need to Do Aspirate to get Definitive Diagnosis
102
What does the Bulge on this Radiograph of the **Heart** Represent
**Left Auricle**
_**\***The Left Auricle Typically Enlarges in Patients with Left Atrial Dilation_
104
**Osteochondrosis without Joint Mouse**
105
**Most Common Heart Condition** characterized by:
_Elevation of Carina_
_Splitting of Principle Bronchi (Y Sign)_
_Compression of the Left Bronchi Branch (Coughing)_
**Left Atrial Dilation**
_\*Cause- Mitral Valve Disease_
_\*Compression of Left Bronchi- Patients Present with Coughing_
\*Echocardiogram still better for Complete Characteriziation
106
Fracture has not healed in the Time excpected
**Delayed Union**
108
What is Surrounding the Heart in this Radiograph
**Pericardial Fat**
109
**Spinal Condition** that is Detected in this Radiograph of a 2 Year Old Doberman
**Cervical Spondylomylopathy (Canine Wobblers)**
111
Bone Condition of _Adolescent Toy and Small Breed Dogs_ where **Compromised Blood Supply to the Femoral Head Causes Bone Necrosis** while Overlying Cartilage Continues to Grow
**Asceptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)**
112
**Yes**
_**\***Active/Irregular Periosteal Reaction, Cortex is Destroyed and there is an Indirect Transition Zone- Typical Primary Bone Tumor in a Dog_
113
What **Aggressive Bone Lesion** is Detected in this Radiograph
**Cortex Destruction**
**\***Aggressive Lesion because the Cortex is Gone
114
**Detected**
114
Test Used for Detection of **Disc Herniation:**
_Quick_
_Not Based on Disc Mineralization_
_Assess the Integrity of the Spinal Cord_
**_The BEST Test_**
**MRI**
\*Gold Standard for Brain and Spinal Cord Injury in Veterinary Medicine
115
What Condition can bee Seen in this Radiograph of the **Heart**
**Main Pulmonary Artery Enlargment**
_**\***Bulge is Between 1-2 O Clock_
_\*Can be Due to Heartworm or Pulmonic Stenosis_
116
**Spinal Cord** Condition detected in this MRI
**Type I Disc Herniation**
117
What Disease can be Diagnosed in this Spinal Radiograph
**Wobblers Disease**
**\***Osteophytic Articular Processes caused _Extradural_ Spinal Cord Compression
118
**Is Just Fine**
**\***Good Secondary Healing
120
Predilection Site for **Osteochondrosis and Osteochondritis Dissecans**
**Caudal Humeral Head**
**\***Most Common Location for Osteochondrosis
122
Hallmark Sign of what Spinal Cord Condition is **_Endplate Lysis_**
**Discospondylitis**
**\***_Usually Staph Intermedius or Brucella- Usually via Hematogenous Route from UTI_
123
Review of _Radiographic Cardiac Anatomy_
125
What **Heart condition** can be seen in this Radiograph
**Dilated Cardiomyopathy**
_**\***Left Atrial Dilation is Present and the Arteries and Veins are Enlarged_
127
What Condition can be see in these Radiographs of the Heart?
**Arterial Enlargment**
**\***_Pulmonary Arteries are Larger than the Pulmonary Veins_
128
Review of _Bone Anatomy_
Chart Outlining Disease Predilection Sites
_\*Osteosarcoma occurs in the Metaphyseal Area of the Bone_
_\*Fractures can occur anywhere, however are predisposed to the weaker areas of the Bone. Ex. Physis. The Physis is Radioluscent and is Predisposed to Fractures because it's weaker than the remaining Bone_
_\*Osteochondrosis occurs within the Epiphysis of of the Bone_
130
Compared to the Normal Radiograph, what are the Arrows Pointing to in the Other Three Radiographs?
**Fractured Medial Coronoid Process**
**\***New Bone Formation on Proximal aspect of Anconeal Process
131
Dog Cannot be Certified as Hip Dysplasia Free until ____ Months of Age
**24**
**\*2 Years Old**
133
**C. 2-3 o'Clock**
134
Condition of the **Heart** that can be seen in this Radiograph
**Left Atrial Dilation (Enlargment)**
135
If the **Pulmonary Vein is Larger than the Pulmonary Artery**
**(V \> A),** What Condition would does the Patient have?
**Venous Hypertension**
_\*Caused by Mitral Valve Insufficiency_
136
**Cauda Equine Syndrome** is Predisposed by Lumbosacral ____ Vertebra
**Transitional**
137
True/False: This Radiograph depicts an **Ununited Anconeal Process**
**False**
**\***Radiograph shows _Secondary Center of Ossification_ that is common in Larger Breed Dogs
138
What condition is Occuring in this Radiograph of the Heart?
**Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Enlargment**
140
What **Bone Condition** is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Subluxation of Humeroulnar Joint**
141
What **Bone Condition** can be Seen in this Radiograph of a Horse
**Osteochondrosis of the Tarsus**
142
Characteristic of \_\_\_\_\_:
_Monostotic (One Bone)_
_Metaphyseal_
_Favors Large and Giant Breed Dogs_
**Primary Bone Tumors (Osteosarcoma)**
\*_Metaphyseal- Most Primary Bone tumors begin in the Metaphysis_
143
**Type of Disk Disease** common in Chondrodystrophic Dogs (Dachshunds) where there is ACUTE Herniation of Degenerate Nuclear Material Into Vertebral Canal with Spinal Cord Compression
**Hansen Type I**
**\***Shoots out like a Bullet
144
Radiographic Signs of which **Bone Condition:**
_Lysis of Femoral Head/Neck_
_Widening of Joint Space_
_Microfacture and Deformation of Femoral Head_
**Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)**
\*Joint Space looks widened because of the Cartilage
\*Femoral Head looks Mishaped and Irregular
145
**Spinal Condition** detected in this Radiograph
**Cauda Equina Syndrome**
**\***Radiographs are NOT Diagnostic- Need CT or MRI
147
What kind of MRI image is this?
**T2 MRI**
_**\***Water and Fat have High Signal (White)_
148
Where is the Lesion Located in this **Spinal Radiograph**
**Intramedullary**
**\***Spinal Cord gets "Bigger"
150
**Fracture Complication** where Infected Devitalized Bone Fragments Separate from the Parent Bone
**Sequestrum**
**\***Sharp Bone Fragment in the Center of the Cavity
152
What **Bone Condition** can be Detected in this Radiograph
**Osteochondrosis**
**\***Marked Assymetry in the Left Radiograph
153
If the **Pulmonary Arteries and Pulmonary Veins are Enlarged,** What 3 Conditions may the Patient have?
**Shunt: Left to Right**
**Fluid Overload**
**Fluid Retention**
154
All Fracture healing has Stopped and Fragments have not United
**Nonunion**
155
Only Lesion seen within the **Intradural-Extramedullary** Space
**Nerve Root Tumor**
_**\***Golf Tee Sign_
156
What Bone Condition is detected in this Radiograph?
**Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy**
_**\***Double Physis Sign_
157
What condition can be Detected in this Radiograph of the Heart
**Pericardial Effusion**
_**\***Cardiac Silhouette becomes Round- Fluid has same opacity as Heart therefore the Heart will just look Very Rounded_
159
What Condition can be Seen in these Radiographs of the Heart
**Venous Enlargement**
_**\***Pulmonary Veins are Larger than the Pulmonary Arteries_
160
**Bacterial Infection** of the Intervertebral Disk that results in Destruction of the Adjacent End Plates causing _Severe Back Pain_
**Discospondylitis**
**\***_Hallmark Sign- Endplate Lysis_
161
What Type of Technique was used to Image the Spine?
**T2 MRI**
**\***Dots Represent Hydrated Nuclei- Nucleus Propulsi
162
What Bone Condition is Detected in this Radiograph?
**Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy**
