quiz 3

Question 1

In lecture, we saw that _________________ studies were used to provide evidence of double-dissociations (functional independence) of object identification and spatial processing in humans.

Answer 1

stroke

Question 2

You are performing an fMRI study on subjects as they view pictures of famous people. You find that multiple areas of the brain seem to respond strongly to each one of the pictures. This suggests that a very large number of neurons is used to represent each face. This finding would be most compatible with which of the following sensory code representations.

Answer 2

population coding

Question 3

Henry had a stroke that caused significant damage to part of his brain. He can still see, but he can no longer identify the faces of his family, friends, and co-workers. Based on what we have seen in class, what specific area in his brain was likely damaged?

Answer 3

Fusiform gyrus

evidence that FFA is strongly involved in in face perceptions.

Question 4

Domain-specificity and property-based models of object representation provide different predictions regarding the types of representations we should expect to find for objects in the brain. Though they incorporate information and make predictions (i.e. constrains the expectations) at other levels, which level of explanation do these two approaches to object representation seem to fit best.

Answer 4

algorithmic level

— the algorithmic level is concerned with the types of representations the system uses during each step of the problem solving process

Question 5

The ‘greeble study’ (in which people were trained to identify novel “greeble” stimuli) was used primarily as evidence in favor of a ________________ view of perception.

Answer 5

property-based

—if the FFA can be trained to respond to ‘greebles’ in the same way it responds to faces, this is (arguably) evidence: (1) against a domain-specific (modular) theory of object perception and (2) in favor of a property-based approach, which requires a high degree of plasticity.

Question 6

In lecture, the phenomenon of “pareidolia” was discussed as an example of:

Answer 6

The effects of top-down information processing

– in paredolia, we ‘see’ faces that aren’t really there. This suggests that the visual system (though experience and intrinsic organization), may bias the visual system to see faces. Because no faces are actually present, this isn’t caused by bottom-up processing. Instead, we are imposing our biased perception on the environment.

Question 7

houses in the right eye. You measure brain activity while subjects view the pictures. Which area of the brain should be most active when subjects report being aware of the pictures of houses?

Answer 7

Parahippocampal gyrus

what is especially cool about this is that activity is most related to awareness of the picture. Note that the distal and proximal stimuli are identical, but can produce different patterns of brain activity.

Question 8

In lecture, we noted that there is currently no complete model that connects basic features in V1 to whole object representations in other areas of the brain. We mentioned three problems that make this kind of bottom-up processing problematic in object perception. For example, in the ________________, it is theoretically possible for many different distal stimuli to produce the same proximal stimulus on the retina. This makes it hard to identify an object based purely on the bottom-up features present on the retina.

Answer 8

inverse projection problem

• note that the proximal stimulus information is ambiguous (in terms of information it provides) because it can’t uniquely identify a single object. In the other two cases, it’s the distal stimulus that can be ambiguous or different.

Question 9

The __________ pathway is generally believed to process information most relevant to determining the ________ of an object.

Answer 9

dorsal, location

ventral, identity

Question 10

n a line length estimation and grasping study, it was shown that the _____________ pathway was more susceptible to visual illusions, while the _______________ pathway was less affected by visual illusions. This suggests that different areas of the brain may specialize to use visual object information in different ways.

Answer 10

ventral; ‘where/how’

ventral; dorsal