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Pharmacology > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

H2 blockers
Prototype
MOA

A

Cimetidine
Reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine

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2
Q

Nursing education of H2 blockers

A

Administer before meals or bedtime
Avoid foods and liquids that cause gastric irritaiton
Impotence and gynecomastia are reversible
Feel better in 2 week

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3
Q

Side effects of proton pump inhibitor

A

Headache, dizziness, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain

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4
Q

Assessment for antacids

A

Fluid and electolyte imbalances
avoid administering with oral drugs
Encourage pt to drink 2 oz of water after taking to ensure drug reaches stomach

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5
Q

Nursing interventions for pepsin inhibitors

A

Give 30 min before meals and bedtime
Administer on empty stomach
Increase fluids, dietary bulk, and exercise to relieve constipation

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6
Q

Predisposing factors for peptic ulcers

A

Lifestyle (caffeine, ETOH, nicotine)
Drugs
Stress ulcer
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)

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7
Q

Nonpharmacological measures
Peptic ulcers

A

Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Weight loss
Avoid hot, spicy, greasy foods
Take NSAIDs and oral glucocorticoids with food
Sit up right before and after meals
Do not eat before bedtime
Wear loose-fitting clothing

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8
Q

Side effects of H2 blockers

A

Headaches, dizziness, constipation, impotence, decreased libido, gynecomastia

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9
Q

Proton pump inhibitor
Prototype
MOA
Uses

A

Omeprazole
Reduce gastric acid secretion by inhibiting proton pump
1st line for H. pylori

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10
Q

Why shouldn’t you stop taking antiulcer medications

A

Ensure that the stomach is completely healed
Continue taking 1 month after pain goes away

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11
Q

Antacids
Prototype
MOA

A

Mylanta
neutralize acid in the stomach

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12
Q

Antacids
Contraindication and why

A

History of renal disease
Retains too much electolytes
Sodium bicarbonate: hypernatremia, water rentention
Calcium carbonate: hypercalcemia

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13
Q

Pepsin inhibitors
Prototype
MOA

A

Sucralfate
Creates a paste that paints the stomach and creates a shield

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14
Q

Side effects of pepsin inhibitors

A

constipation

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15
Q

Common side effects of ondansetron

A

headache, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue

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16
Q

OTC options of Antihistamine
Adverse effects

A

Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation
Dipenhydramine, meclizine, dramamine

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17
Q

Adverse effects of promethazine

A

sedation
Anticholinergic effects

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18
Q

Nursing interventions of antiemetics

A

Mouth care after vomiting
Avoid driving a motor vehicle/engage in dangerous activities
Monitor bowel sounds for hypoactivity or hyperactivity
Fluids and electolytes replaced when vomiting

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19
Q

Contraindications of antiemetics

A

Paralytic ileus, small bowel obstruction

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20
Q

Emetics
Prototype
MOA use

A

Syrup of ipecac
Stimulate CTZ and acts directly on gastric mucosa
Induce vomitting after toxicsubstance

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21
Q

Nonpharmacologic measures for vomiting

A

Weak tea, flat soda, gelatin, pedialyte, gatorade, crackers, dry toast

22
Q

Antiemetics route and why

A

IV
Orally dissolving tablets: Want it to be a dissolving tablet because you don’t want water to irritate the stomach or initiate gag reflex and cause the pt to vomit again

23
Q

Serotonin antagonists
Prototype
MOA

A

Ondansetron
Block serotonin receptors in CTZ

24
Q

How is nausea triggered

A

Serotonin is released into gut faster than it can be digested

25
Q

Antihistamine
Prototype
MOA

A

Hydroxyzine
For motion sickness

26
Q

Phenothiazine
Prototype
MOA

A

Promethazine
Decrease stimulation of CTZ
Need a reason to give

27
Q

Cannabinoid
Prototype
What is it

A

synthetic marijuana
Dronabinol

28
Q

Side effects of cannabinoid

A

Mood changes, euphoria, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, incoordination, memory lapse, dry mouth

29
Q

Caution with swallowing toxic substances
Alternatives

A

avoid vomiting if substance is caustic or petroleum.
Activated charcoal or gastric lavage

30
Q

Psyllium
What is it
Action
Administration

A

Bulk-forming laxative
Absorb water into intestines
Increase bulk and peristalsis
Mix in glass of water or juice
Stir and drink immediately Follow with 1 glass water

31
Q

Side effects of psyllium

A

Cramps, nausea, vomiting, flatus, diarrhea
< fluid = intestinal obstruction

32
Q

Side effects of docusate sodium

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Mild abdominal cramping

33
Q

Side effects of magnesium citrate

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Hypotension
Weakness
Cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Flatulence
Diarrhea

34
Q

Bisacodyl
What is it
Action

A

Stimulant laxative
Increase peristalsis by irritating nerve endings in intestinal mucosa

35
Q

Contraindications of laxatives

A

Undiagnosed abdominal pain
Inflammatory disorders of GI tract
Bowel obstruction

36
Q

Nursing interventions of laxatives

A

Fluid I&O
Fluid & electrolyte imbalance = watery stool
> water intake
Avoid overuse of laxatives

37
Q

Nonpharmacologic measures of diarrhea

A

Clear liquids
Oral solutions: Gatorade, pedialyte
IV electrolyte solutions

38
Q

Diphenoxylate/Atropine (lomotil)
What is it
Action

A

Opiate-related agent
Stop the contracting of the bowels

39
Q

Adverse effects of diphenoxylate/atropine

A

Dry eye
Dry mouth
Constipation
Dizziness

40
Q

Nursing interventions of antidiarrheals

A

Monitor frequency of bowel movements and bowel sounds
Evidence of dehydration
Drink clear liquids

41
Q

MiraLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350)
What is it
Action

A

Osmotic laxative
Absorb water into intestines
Increase bulk and peristalsis

42
Q

Difference between a bulk-forming and an osmotic laxative

A

Osmotic help the intestines retain water
Bulk-forming help bowels retain water

43
Q

Docusate sodium
What is it
Action
Use

A

Stool softener
Lubricate feces for easier passage
Constipation, decrease straining during defecation

44
Q

Magnesium Citrate
What is it?
Action

A

Saline laxative, osmotic laxative
Action: hypersmolar (high concentration) salts pull water into which stimulates peristalsis and defalcation

45
Q

Lactulose
What is it
Action

A

Osmotic laxative
Give to lower ammonia levels of pts with liver disease

46
Q

How long does it take for Bisacodyl to take effect?

A

Orally: 6-12 hours
Rectally: 15-60 min

47
Q

Side effects of biscadoyl

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea

48
Q

What is Traveler’s diarrhea

A

Severe diarrhea that lasts 2 days usually caused by E.coli

49
Q

Prevention of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Drink bottled water
Wash fruit
Eat cooked vegetables
Eat meals that are cooked until well done

50
Q

Antidiarrheals
Purpose
Caution

A

Decrease GI motility
Should not be used > 2 days or if fever present

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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