Quiz 2 Flashcards
Nonselective adrenergic agonist neurotransmitter and function
Epinephrine
Affects all adrenergic receptors
Fight or flight response
Adrenergic/cholinergic effects on Beta 1
> HR and BP
Kidneys: > fluid volume
What is atropine
Antidote for cholinergic poisoning
MOA of atropine
competitively inhibits Ach from binding to muscarinic receptors
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist drug
Acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Reasons for taking acetylcholinesterase
Myasthenia Gravis
Alzheimers
(both are due to deficiencies in acetylcholine)
Direct acting cholinergic agonist drug and MOA
Bethanechol-stimulates cholinergic receptors on the bladder = promote urination
Myasthenia Gravis symptoms
Weakness
Ptosis (drooping of one or both eyelids)
Dipolopia (blurred/double vision)
Unstable/waddling gait
Change in facial expression
Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, breathing
Signs of cholinergic poisoning
Salivation
lacrimation
urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramp
Emesis
Drugs for parkinsons: dopamine agonists
Carbidopa-levodopa
Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (inhibits enzyme destroying dopamine)
Catechol-O-Methlytransferase inhibitors (inhibits inactivating dopamine enzyme)
Side effects of dopamine agonists
Dizziness, headache, nausea
Orthostatic hypotension
Suicidal ideation
Drugs for parkinson: anticholinergics
Benztropine (congentin)
(adrenergic agonist)
Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitors interaction
Foods high in tyramine can cause hypertensive crisis
Opioid agonist MOA
CNS depressant, slows all nerves down
Suppresses pain impulses, RR, and coughing
Affects perception and tolerance of moderate to severe pain
Opioid Antagonist
MOA
Reverses opioid toxicity
Competes with opioids for receptor sites in the brain and prevents binding with receptors or displaces opioids already occupying receptor sites
Opioid agonist/Antagonist MOA
Butorphanol-similar to morphine
Adverse effects of morphine
Decreased RR
Decreased BP
Lethargic
Confusion
Constipation
Nausea
Itching-common side effect
Muscles and chest are not ventilation= death
Benzodiazepines
Prototype
Use
MOA
Diazepam (Valium)
For stopping status epilepticus
> activity of GABA
Barbiturates
Prototype
MOA
Phenobarbital
Depresses cerebral cortex and cerebellum
Drugs for preventing seizure
Phenytoin (dilantin)
Gabapentin
Carbamazepine
Valproic acid
Levetiracetam
Adverse effects of phenytoin
Gingial hyperplasia/orange urine
Adverse effects of all muscle relaxants
Weakness, drowsiness, dizzy, lethargic
Centrally acting muscle relaxants
Cyclobenzaprine
Tizanidine
Direct acting muscle relaxants
Dantrolene
Cause of epilepsy
Secondary to brain trauma, infection, stroke
Isolated seizures due to fever, electrolyte imbalance, alcohol, or drugs
Unknown
Adrenergic/cholinergic effects on Alpha 1
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Dilation of iris
Bladder retention
Adrenergic/cholinergic effects on Alpha 2
Decrease peristalsis and acid, vasodilation of blood vessels
Adrenergic/cholinergic effects on Beta 2
> blood glucose
< peristalsis and acid
Bronchodilation = > RR
S/S of parkinson
Bradykinesia
Involuntary tremors
Shuffling walk
Pill-rolling motion
MOA of anticholinergics
Competitively block Ach receptors
Weaken cholinergic response
