Quiz 1 Flashcards
Side effects of thiazide
Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance
Contraindications of thiazide
Renal failure
Anuria
Wasting (at risk for low levels) when taking thiazide
potassium and magnesium
Mechanism of action of loop
Excrete potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium
Most effective and versatile diuretic
Purpose of loop
Hypertension and peripheral edema
Heart failure, hepatic, and renal disease
Side effects of loop
Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance
Contraindications of loop
Allergy to sulfonamides
Pregnancy
Sensitivity to drug/anuria
Assessment of Loop
VS
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
S/S of hypokalemia
Administer IV furosemide slowly = hearing loss if not
Loop retains
Sodium
Purpose of potassium sparing
Edema due to heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver causing ascites
Side effects of potassium sparing diuretic
Black box warning
Dizziness, headache, weakness, renal injury, and electrolyte imbalance
Contraindications of potassium sparing diuretic
Renal insufficiency
First trimester of pregnancy
Function of Vitamin A
bone growth, eye function, maintenance of epithelial tissues, skin
Reasons for taking vitamin A
Diagnosed deficiency
Night blindness, skin lesions, dysfunction of mucous membrane
Adverse effects of Vitamin A
hair loss, double vision, headaches, vomiting, bone abnormalities, and liver damage
Contraindications of Vitamin A
allergy, hypervitaminosis, malabsorption syndrome
Pregnancy, cause fetal defects
Administration of Vitamin A
Take before meals, on empty stomach
Function of Vitamin E
Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBCs
Use of Vitamin E
Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBC’s
Adverse effects of Vitamin E
Bleeding
fatigue, headache, blurred vision, nausea, and diarrhea
Contraindications of Vitamin E
history of allergic reactions, hypervitaminosis E, history of bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia
Function of Vitamin K
Synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors
Contraindications of Vitamin K
allergic reactions & allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol or castor oil
Administering Vitamin K
Preferred oral
Irregular absorption = subQ
IV = major bleeding
IM and IV= severe hypersensitivity reactions
Function of Vitamin B12
Dna synthesis, aids folic acid into its active form
Purpose of intrinsic factor
Absorption of Vitamin B12
What is pernicious anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Adverse effects of vitamin B12
Rare. anaphylactic shock and sudden death. Sometimes hypokalemia
Folic acid function
body growth
Dna synthesis
Contraindication of folic acid
undiagnosed anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency
Adverse effects of folic acid deficiency
GI upset, stomatitis, fatigue, alopecia
Iron toxicity adverse effects
Hemorrhage and shock
When to take ferrous sulfate?
Best absorbed on an empty stomach
What increases iron absorption?
Vitamin C
Adverse effects of iron
GI discomfort, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and black stools
Function of potassium chloride
Treat hypokalemia
Adverse effects of potassium chloride
N/V/D
Abdominal pain
IV-Phlebitis, dysrhythmias
Administering of potassium chloride
Max orally, 40mEQ
Max IV, 10 mEQ/hour
Contraindications of potassium chloride
hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, heat cramps, and untreated Addison’s disease.
Function of sodium bicarbonate
Correcting acidosis
Potassium moves from blood to cells
Fix high potassium, severe hyperkalemia
Works quicker
Function of glucose and insulin
Insulin causes potassium to enter the cell
Glucose prevents hypoglycemia
Given both through IV
Function of polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)
Removes potassium via the stool
Less invasive, mild hyperkalemia, for when patient is stable
Function of calcium gluconate
Protects the heart from hyperkalemia
Doesn’t correct potassium
Give with sodium bicarbonate to prevent any complications
What labs are used to measure kidney function?
BUN-Blood urea nitrogen
Creatinine
Glomerular filtration rate
What labs are used to measure liver function?
Liver enzymes
LAIT/AST
Thiazide prototype
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mechanisms of action
Thiazide
Promote potassium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride excretion
Purpose of thiazide
1st line for hypertension and peripheral edema
Assessments needed to be done while taking thiazide
Vital signs
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
S/S of hypokalemia
Thiazide retains
calcium
Prototype of loop
Lasix (furomeside)
Wasting (at risk for low levels) loop
Potassium
Prototype potassium sparing
Aldactone (spironolactone)
MOA of potassium sparing
Block action of aldosterone
(function of aldosterone = absorb Na+ and excrete K+)
Assessment of potassium sparing diuretic
S/S of HYPERKALEMIA
VS
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
Wasting of potassium sparing diuretic
sodium
Potassium sparing diuretic retains
potassium
Is it considered “good” or “bad” for these labs to be elevated/increased?
Bad, organs are not functioning
