Quiz 1 Flashcards by Leila Casenas

Side effects of thiazide

Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance

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Contraindications of thiazide

Renal failure
Anuria

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Wasting (at risk for low levels) when taking thiazide

potassium and magnesium

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Mechanism of action of loop

Excrete potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium
Most effective and versatile diuretic

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Purpose of loop

Hypertension and peripheral edema
Heart failure, hepatic, and renal disease

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Side effects of loop

Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance

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Contraindications of loop

Allergy to sulfonamides
Pregnancy
Sensitivity to drug/anuria

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Assessment of Loop

VS
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
S/S of hypokalemia
Administer IV furosemide slowly = hearing loss if not

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Loop retains

Sodium

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Purpose of potassium sparing

Edema due to heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver causing ascites

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Side effects of potassium sparing diuretic

Black box warning
Dizziness, headache, weakness, renal injury, and electrolyte imbalance

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Contraindications of potassium sparing diuretic

Renal insufficiency
First trimester of pregnancy

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Function of Vitamin A

bone growth, eye function, maintenance of epithelial tissues, skin

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Reasons for taking vitamin A

Diagnosed deficiency
Night blindness, skin lesions, dysfunction of mucous membrane

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Adverse effects of Vitamin A

hair loss, double vision, headaches, vomiting, bone abnormalities, and liver damage

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Contraindications of Vitamin A

allergy, hypervitaminosis, malabsorption syndrome
Pregnancy, cause fetal defects

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Administration of Vitamin A

Take before meals, on empty stomach

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Function of Vitamin E

Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBCs

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Use of Vitamin E

Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBC’s

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Adverse effects of Vitamin E

Bleeding
fatigue, headache, blurred vision, nausea, and diarrhea

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Contraindications of Vitamin E

history of allergic reactions, hypervitaminosis E, history of bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia

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Function of Vitamin K

Synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors

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Contraindications of Vitamin K

allergic reactions & allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol or castor oil

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Administering Vitamin K

Preferred oral
Irregular absorption = subQ
IV = major bleeding
IM and IV= severe hypersensitivity reactions

Function of Vitamin B12

Dna synthesis, aids folic acid into its active form

Purpose of intrinsic factor

Absorption of Vitamin B12

What is pernicious anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Adverse effects of vitamin B12

Rare. anaphylactic shock and sudden death. Sometimes hypokalemia

Folic acid function

body growth Dna synthesis

Contraindication of folic acid

undiagnosed anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency

Adverse effects of folic acid deficiency

GI upset, stomatitis, fatigue, alopecia

Iron toxicity adverse effects

Hemorrhage and shock

When to take ferrous sulfate?

Best absorbed on an empty stomach

What increases iron absorption?

Vitamin C

Adverse effects of iron

GI discomfort, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and black stools

Function of potassium chloride

Treat hypokalemia

Adverse effects of potassium chloride

N/V/D Abdominal pain IV-Phlebitis, dysrhythmias

Administering of potassium chloride

Max orally, 40mEQ Max IV, 10 mEQ/hour

Contraindications of potassium chloride

hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, heat cramps, and untreated Addison's disease.

Function of sodium bicarbonate

Correcting acidosis Potassium moves from blood to cells Fix high potassium, severe hyperkalemia Works quicker

Function of glucose and insulin

Insulin causes potassium to enter the cell Glucose prevents hypoglycemia Given both through IV

Function of polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)

Removes potassium via the stool Less invasive, mild hyperkalemia, for when patient is stable

Function of calcium gluconate

Protects the heart from hyperkalemia Doesn't correct potassium Give with sodium bicarbonate to prevent any complications

What labs are used to measure kidney function?

BUN-Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Glomerular filtration rate

What labs are used to measure liver function?

Liver enzymes LAIT/AST

Thiazide prototype

Hydrochlorothiazide

Mechanisms of action Thiazide

Promote potassium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride excretion

Purpose of thiazide

1st line for hypertension and peripheral edema

Assessments needed to be done while taking thiazide

Vital signs Urine output Weight Chemistry Edema S/S of hypokalemia

Thiazide retains

calcium

Prototype of loop

Lasix (furomeside)

Wasting (at risk for low levels) loop

Potassium

Prototype potassium sparing

Aldactone (spironolactone)

MOA of potassium sparing

Block action of aldosterone (function of aldosterone = absorb Na+ and excrete K+)

Assessment of potassium sparing diuretic

S/S of HYPERKALEMIA VS Urine output Weight Chemistry Edema

Wasting of potassium sparing diuretic

sodium

Potassium sparing diuretic retains

potassium

Is it considered "good" or "bad" for these labs to be elevated/increased?

Bad, organs are not functioning