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Pharmacology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Side effects of thiazide

A

Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance

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2
Q

Contraindications of thiazide

A

Renal failure
Anuria

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3
Q

Wasting (at risk for low levels) when taking thiazide

A

potassium and magnesium

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of loop

A

Excrete potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium
Most effective and versatile diuretic

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5
Q

Purpose of loop

A

Hypertension and peripheral edema
Heart failure, hepatic, and renal disease

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6
Q

Side effects of loop

A

Dizziness, headache, weakness, hypotension, renal injury
Electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

Contraindications of loop

A

Allergy to sulfonamides
Pregnancy
Sensitivity to drug/anuria

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8
Q

Assessment of Loop

A

VS
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
S/S of hypokalemia
Administer IV furosemide slowly = hearing loss if not

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9
Q

Loop retains

A

Sodium

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10
Q

Purpose of potassium sparing

A

Edema due to heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver causing ascites

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11
Q

Side effects of potassium sparing diuretic

A

Black box warning
Dizziness, headache, weakness, renal injury, and electrolyte imbalance

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12
Q

Contraindications of potassium sparing diuretic

A

Renal insufficiency
First trimester of pregnancy

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13
Q

Function of Vitamin A

A

bone growth, eye function, maintenance of epithelial tissues, skin

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14
Q

Reasons for taking vitamin A

A

Diagnosed deficiency
Night blindness, skin lesions, dysfunction of mucous membrane

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15
Q

Adverse effects of Vitamin A

A

hair loss, double vision, headaches, vomiting, bone abnormalities, and liver damage

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16
Q

Contraindications of Vitamin A

A

allergy, hypervitaminosis, malabsorption syndrome
Pregnancy, cause fetal defects

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17
Q

Administration of Vitamin A

A

Take before meals, on empty stomach

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18
Q

Function of Vitamin E

A

Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBCs

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19
Q

Use of Vitamin E

A

Typically only given for diagnosed deficiency
Breakdown of RBC’s

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20
Q

Adverse effects of Vitamin E

A

Bleeding
fatigue, headache, blurred vision, nausea, and diarrhea

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21
Q

Contraindications of Vitamin E

A

history of allergic reactions, hypervitaminosis E, history of bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

Function of Vitamin K

A

Synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors

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23
Q

Contraindications of Vitamin K

A

allergic reactions & allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol or castor oil

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24
Q

Administering Vitamin K

A

Preferred oral
Irregular absorption = subQ
IV = major bleeding
IM and IV= severe hypersensitivity reactions

25
Q

Function of Vitamin B12

A

Dna synthesis, aids folic acid into its active form

26
Q

Purpose of intrinsic factor

A

Absorption of Vitamin B12

27
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

28
Q

Adverse effects of vitamin B12

A

Rare. anaphylactic shock and sudden death. Sometimes hypokalemia

29
Q

Folic acid function

A

body growth
Dna synthesis

30
Q

Contraindication of folic acid

A

undiagnosed anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency

31
Q

Adverse effects of folic acid deficiency

A

GI upset, stomatitis, fatigue, alopecia

32
Q

Iron toxicity adverse effects

A

Hemorrhage and shock

33
Q

When to take ferrous sulfate?

A

Best absorbed on an empty stomach

34
Q

What increases iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C

35
Q

Adverse effects of iron

A

GI discomfort, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and black stools

36
Q

Function of potassium chloride

A

Treat hypokalemia

37
Q

Adverse effects of potassium chloride

A

N/V/D
Abdominal pain
IV-Phlebitis, dysrhythmias

38
Q

Administering of potassium chloride

A

Max orally, 40mEQ
Max IV, 10 mEQ/hour

39
Q

Contraindications of potassium chloride

A

hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, heat cramps, and untreated Addison’s disease.

40
Q

Function of sodium bicarbonate

A

Correcting acidosis
Potassium moves from blood to cells
Fix high potassium, severe hyperkalemia
Works quicker

41
Q

Function of glucose and insulin

A

Insulin causes potassium to enter the cell
Glucose prevents hypoglycemia
Given both through IV

42
Q

Function of polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)

A

Removes potassium via the stool
Less invasive, mild hyperkalemia, for when patient is stable

43
Q

Function of calcium gluconate

A

Protects the heart from hyperkalemia
Doesn’t correct potassium
Give with sodium bicarbonate to prevent any complications

44
Q

What labs are used to measure kidney function?

A

BUN-Blood urea nitrogen
Creatinine
Glomerular filtration rate

45
Q

What labs are used to measure liver function?

A

Liver enzymes
LAIT/AST

46
Q

Thiazide prototype

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

47
Q

Mechanisms of action
Thiazide

A

Promote potassium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride excretion

48
Q

Purpose of thiazide

A

1st line for hypertension and peripheral edema

49
Q

Assessments needed to be done while taking thiazide

A

Vital signs
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema
S/S of hypokalemia

50
Q

Thiazide retains

A

calcium

51
Q

Prototype of loop

A

Lasix (furomeside)

52
Q

Wasting (at risk for low levels) loop

A

Potassium

53
Q

Prototype potassium sparing

A

Aldactone (spironolactone)

54
Q

MOA of potassium sparing

A

Block action of aldosterone
(function of aldosterone = absorb Na+ and excrete K+)

55
Q

Assessment of potassium sparing diuretic

A

S/S of HYPERKALEMIA
VS
Urine output
Weight
Chemistry
Edema

56
Q

Wasting of potassium sparing diuretic

A

sodium

57
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic retains

A

potassium

58
Q

Is it considered “good” or “bad” for these labs to be elevated/increased?

A

Bad, organs are not functioning

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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