Quiz 3 Flashcards
T or F: Cell division causes a decrease in cell number that can lead to the retardation of growth or repair of damaged parts of the living body.
Cell division causes a (decrease) in cell number that can lead to the retardation of growth or repair of damaged parts of the living body. - FALSE
T or F: Mitosis is the indirect somatic cell division where the cell has to pass through several stages before it completely divides.
TRUE
T or F: Interphase is the stage between two successive cell divisions, which is the period of growth and synthesis that begins immediately after cell division is complete.
TRUE
T or F: In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when the plasma membrane pinches in along the equator causing a cleavage furrow that deepens until the cell is pinched in half.
In (plant cells), cytokinesis occurs when the plasma membrane pinches in along the equator causing a cleavage furrow that deepens until the cell is pinched in half. - FALSE
T or F: In meiosis, daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell because chromosomes formed are homologous and independent.
FALSE
T or F: Meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes that contain two complete sets of chromosomes.
FALSE
T or F: When haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid ovum, the resultant zygote again has a diploid genome, with one complete set of chromosomes inherited from the mother and a second complete set inherited from the father.
TRUE
Some cells, such as nerve cells and blood cells, do not divide often or ever, thus they may go to an arrested, quiescent stage called the Go (Gap zero) phase, which is either a stage separate from interphase or an extended G1 phase, which follows the restriction point, a cell cycle checkpoint found at the end of G1.
TRUE
T or F: At the end of oogenesis, it produces four haploid ova or egg cells of generally equal potency.
At the end of (oogenesis), it produces four haploid ova or egg cells of generally equal potency. - FALSE
T or F: The first meiotic division separates members of each homologous pair into two daughter cells, but each chromosome remains in the duplicated condition.
TRUE
T or F: In Diplotene, homologous chromosomes continue to separate and recondense to their maximally compacted state where the chiasmata move to the ends of the chromosomes.
In (Diplotene), homologous chromosomes continue to separate and recondense to their maximally compacted state where the chiasmata move to the ends of the chromosomes. - FALSE
T or F: Motion during mitotic anaphase results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubules.
TRUE
T or F: Gap 1 phase is the period in Interphase when the cell resumes its growth and continues to synthesize RNA to double check the duplicated chromosomes for error and proteins in preparation for mitosis.
Gap (1) phase is the period in Interphase when the cell resumes its growth and continues to synthesize RNA to double check the duplicated chromosomes for error and proteins in preparation for mitosis. - FALSE
T or F: Binary fission has no karyokinesis but has cytokinesis that occurs in prokaryotic cells.
FALSE
T or F: During the interphase, the cells appear active, but the basic biochemical functions and genetic material replication are inactive.
During the interphase, the cells appear (active), but the basic biochemical functions and genetic material replication are inactive. - FALSE
T or F: Prometaphase is the period when chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, and new membranes form around the daughter nuclei where the chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope
(Prometaphase) is the period when chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, and new membranes form around the daughter nuclei where the chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope - FALSE
T or F: Meiosis is important in assuring genetic diversity in sexual reproduction generating through the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I, the random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in Meiosis I and the random alignment of the sister chromatids at Meiosis II.
TRUE
T or F: Crossing over or the exchange of DNA segments between pairs of homologous chromosomes to form chiasmata occurs during Zygotene.
Crossing over or the exchange of DNA segments between pairs of homologous chromosomes to form chiasmata occurs during (Zygotene). - FALSE
T or F: Metaphase I is the period when homologous pairs of chromosomes arranged as a single row along the metaphase plate while the kinetochores are being pulled away from the poles.
Metaphase I is the period when homologous pairs of chromosomes arranged as a (single) row along the metaphase plate while the kinetochores are being pulled away from the poles. - FALSE
T or F: Prophase II is the period when chromosomes begin to condense, nuclear membrane dissolves and spindle fibers form.
TRUE
It is the process of dividing a cell’s nucleus to from to nuclei for the two daughter cells during cell division.
MITOSIS
It is the other term for Binary fission.
AMITOSIS
Aside from germ cells, sex cells are also known as ___?
GAMETES
It is the stage between two successive cell divisions, which is the period of growth and synthesis that begins immediately after cell division is complete
INTERPHASE
It is a term that describes a cell containing a single set of chromosomes or an organism that has half of the usual complete set of chromosomes in somatic cells.
HAPLOID
It is a cellular state in which a cell remains out of the cell cycle but retains the capacity to divide during the Gap zero phase.
QUIESCENT STAGE
Each strand of the double-stranded chromosome is called a ____?
SISTER CHROMATID
Aside from the Synthesis phase, the S phase is also known as the _____?.
SWANSON PHASE
It is the period during which the genetic material and the cytoplasm are distributed from a parent cell to two daughter cells or the process of forming two genetically identical daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes.
MITOSIS
What part of the cell disappears during the Prophase of Mitosis?
NUCLEOLUS
During Prometaphase, proteins attach to the centromeres creating these structures.
KINETOCHORES
It is the other term for the metaphase plate.
EQUATORIAL PLATE
It is the period when the paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite sides of the cell.
ANAPHASE
It is the other term for Telophase.
REVERSE PROPHASE
In Cytokinesis, this structure develops along the equator of the plant cell and grows outward until it reaches the cell wall.
CELL PLATE
It is a layer that cements together the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells, which is the first formed layer to be deposited at the time of cytokinesis.
MIDDLE LAMELLA
It is the indentation of the cell’s surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis.
CLEAVAGE FURROW
It’s a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells that involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome.
MEIOSIS
It is the type of meiosis that occurs in males, which is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
SPERMATOGENESIS
It is the type of meiosis that occurs in females, which is the differentiation of the ovum into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized.
OOGENESIS
It is the undifferentiated male germ cell to form mature spermatozoa during meiosis in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
SPERMATOGONIA
It is the haploid male sexual cell that have no tails or flagella formed after meiosis from spermatocytes that eventually matures into a spermatozoon.
SPERMATID
It is a diploid oocyte that has not yet undergone meiosis and are formed from the oogonia by the mitotic division and resumes meiosis.
PRIMARY OOCYTE
They are tiny cytoplasmic exclusion structures that form to contain extra DNA produced during oocyte meiosis, which occurs after sperm fertilization that is formed at the same time as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized.
POLAR BODIES
Because the number of chromosomes in meiosis I is reduced to the haploid number, this stage is called a ___
REDUCTION DIVISION
It is the crucial step during homologous recombination of Meiosis I that involves the encounter of two homologous sequences, the constant probing for homology and the final recognition of the homologous site.
MEIOSIS I
It is the foursome during meiosis made by two homologous chromosomes that have each already replicated into a pair of sister chromatids.
TETRAD
It is a structure that forms between a pair of homologous chromosomes by crossover recombination and physically links the homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
CHIASMA or CHIASMATA
It is a stage of Prophase I when chromosomes start to condense into long, thread-like structures, similar to what occurs at the beginning of mitosis.
LEPTOTENE
It is a stage of Prophase I when homologous chromosomes start to separate from each other particularly near the centromere. However, remain attached by connections which are regions where exchange of DNA materials has occurred.
DIPLOTENE
It is the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. that allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them.
Synapsis
It is the period of Meiosis I when the spindle apparatus forms and the chromosomes attached to spindle fibers by kinetochores, the nucleoli disappear and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
PROMETAPHASE I
It is the final cellular division to form two new cells, followed by Meiosis II, where the original diploid cell had two copies of each chromosome and the newly formed haploid cells have one copy of each chromosome.
CYTOKINESIS I
It is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up and parts of the chromosome can be switched where the two chromosomes contain the same genes, but may have different forms of the genes.
CROSSING OVER
It is the other term for Meiosis II since the two cells resulting from meiosis I divide during meiosis I, creating 4 haploid daughter cells at the end.
EQUATORIAL DIVISION
It is the period in Meiosis II when spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes and chromosomes line up to the center or the equatorial plane of the cell.
METAPHASE II
It is the stage in Prophase I when individual chromosomes become distinguishable and homologous chromosomes become closely associated to form pairs of chromosomes consisting of four chromatids.
ZYGOTENE
It is the period in Meiosis I when the chromosomes become diffuse and reach their respective poles and the nuclear membrane or envelope reforms.
TELOPHASE I
The following events occur in Prophase in Mitosis EXCEPT
- Some fibers cross the cell to form the mitotic spindle.
- Microtubules attach at the kinetochores.
- Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres.
- Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as rod-shaped chromosomes.
- Microtubules attach at the kinetochores.
The following are characteristics of Meiosis EXCEPT:
- Homologous chromosomes pair forming bivalents until anaphase
- Daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell
- It occurs in sex cells.
- It has two processes
- Daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell
