Quiz 1 Flashcards
T or F: Cytogenetics involves testing samples of tissue, blood, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, placenta and tumor biopsy in a laboratory to look for changes in chromosomes, including broken, missing, or extra chromosomes.
TRUE
T or F: Cytogenetic techniques also provide a useful method for monitoring patients following bone marrow transplantation, particularly when the patient and the donor are of the same sex
Cytogenetic techniques also provide a useful method for monitoring patients following bone marrow transplantation, particularly when the patient and the donor are of the (same sex). - FALSE
T or F: Cytogenetic technologists also need to develop and implement training programs for trainees, medical students and resident physicians and feed details of the specimens into logs or computer systems.
TRUE
T or F: Continued population growth and advances in medical technology are factors that decrease the need for cytogenetic technologists, so that the demand for occupations in this field is expected to increase slowly.
Continued population growth and advances in medical technology are factors that (decrease) the need for cytogenetic technologists, so that the demand for occupations in this field is expected to increase (slowly). -FALSE
T or F: Transmission geneticists are particularly interested in genetic variation and how that variation is related to an organism’s environment.
(Transmission geneticists) are particularly interested in genetic variation and how that variation is related to an organism’s environment.- FALSE
T or F: Species characteristics are characteristics that make one individual member of a species different from another
(Species characteristics) are characteristics that make one individual member of a species different from another- FALSE
T or F: Environment influences the extent to which the potential of an individual is achieved
TRUE
T or F: Arthur Arnold is the one who first visualized human chromosomes using mitotic cancer cells.
TRUE
T or F: Hans von Winiwarter concluded that men have 48 chromosomes while women have 47
Hans von Winiwarter concluded that men have (48) chromosomes while women have (47).- FALSE
T or F: Joe Hin To and Albert Levan corrected that the diploid chromosome number of human chromosomes is 23
Joe Hin To and Albert Levan corrected that the diploid chromosome number of human chromosomes is (23).- FALSE
T or F: Petrus Johannes Waardenburg made the suggestion that Down syndrome could perhaps be the result of a chromosomal aberration.
TRUE
T or F: Mary Frances Lyon developed a hypothesis stating that there is a single active X chromosome mechanism of X-dosage compensation in mammals that can be activated.
Mary Frances Lyon developed a hypothesis stating that there is a single active X chromosome mechanism of X-dosage compensation in mammals that can be (activated).- FALSE
T or F: Maximo Drets and Margery Shaw described a method of producing similar chromosomal banding patterns using an alkali and saline pretreatment followed by staining with Giemsa, a compound developed for identification, in blood smears, of the protozoan that causes malaria.
TRUE
T or F: In 1963, metaphase chromosomes were classified into seven groups (A-G) in the Denver karyotyping conference.
In 1963, metaphase chromosomes were classified into seven groups (A-G) in the (Denver) karyotyping conference.- FALSE
T or F: Population genetics can answer the question, “Are there unusual patterns of inheritance that cannot be explained by the simple transmission of genes located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus?”
(Population genetics) can answer the question, “Are there unusual patterns of inheritance that cannot be explained by the simple transmission of genes located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus?”- FALSE
It is the study of the structure, location and function of chromosomes in cells.
CYTOGENETICS
It is the full meaning of FISH, a cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent DNA probes to target specific chromosomal locations within the nucleus, resulting in colored signals that can be detected using a fluorescent microscope.
FLUORESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
They are condensed long strands of DNA with proteins attached that contain most of the genetic information in a cell.
CHROMOSOMES
It is a chart of stained chromosomes arranged in order of size that physicians use to compare and look at the differences in normal and abnormal chromosomes.
KARYOTYPE
It is the OTHER term for karyogram, a diagram or photograph of the chromosomes of a cell, arranged in homologous pairs and in a numbered sequence.
IDIOGRAM
They refer to abnormalities in the number and appearance of chromosomes.
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
This gynecological condition is when a fetus dies after the mother’s 20th week of pregnancy where Cytogenetics has a direct effect on it.
STILLBIRTH
This refers to the process of determining the location of genes on chromosomes or methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes where the field of Cytogenetics is particularly important.
GENE MAPPING
This area of genetics answers the question, “When two or more genes are located on the same chromosome, how is the pattern of inheritance affected?
TRANSMISSION GENETICS
This area of genetics answers the question. “How is gene expression regulated so it occurs under the appropriate conditions, in the appropriate cell type and the correct stage of development?”
MOLECULAR GENETICS
This area of genetics answers the question, “What are the contributions of genetics and environment in the outcome of a trait?
POPULATION GENETICS
This area of genetics answers the question, “How do genetics and environment influence quantitative traits such as size and weight?”
POPULATION GENETICS
This area of genetics answers the question, “When two or more genes are located on the same chromosome, how is the pattern of inheritance affected?
TRANSMISSION GENETICS
They are observable characteristics that makes you a member of a certain species.
SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS
Based on the Individual differences framework, our individual characteristics involve our abilities and skills, personality and?
VALUES
Flemming also referred to the stainable portion of the nucleus as
CHROMATIN
He is a German anatomist who introduced the term “chromosome” after staining techniques had been developed to make them more discernible.
HEINRICH GOTTFRIED VON WALDEYER
Studying sea urchins, he found that all the chromosomes had to be present for proper embryonic development to take place.
THEODOR BOVERI
He is an American zoologist who proposed the X and Y sex chromosome mechanism in man.
THEOPHILUS SHICKEL PAINTER
He formulated the term karyotype to refer to the ordered arrangement of chromosomes.
GRYGORII LEVITSKY
It is the other term for Down’s syndrome as discovered by Jerome Lejeune.
TRISOMY 21
It is a congenital disorder discovered by Charles Ford and his colleagues that affects females having 45 chromosomes, apparently with a single X chromosome and no Y.
TURNER SYNDROME
It is a small stained body on the periphery of some interphase nuclei, which is actually the inactivated X chromosome present in nucleated cells of all normal female mammals but absent in normal males.
BARR BODIES
According to Nowell and Hungerford, the presence of the “Philadelphia chromosome implies the existence of this specific type of blood cancer.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
It is the full meaning of ISCN, the central reference used among cytogeneticists that offers the standard nomenclature that describes any genomic rearrangement established in 1995.
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FOR HUMAN CYTOGENETIC NOMENCLATURE
