quiz 3 Flashcards by Lena Richoux

vienna, austria

18th cent capital of latter-day holy roman emp, imperial seat of hapsburg dynasty, one of most important musical-cultural ctrs in Europe in 18th + 19th cent, classical pd

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viennese classicism

habsburg monarchs supported the arts > creation of artistic ctr that made vienna “capital of classical music”

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franz joseph “daddy” (papa) haydn when

1732-1809

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haydn early life

freelance musician, private lessons; living in garret apt

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haydn born where

austrian village rohrau

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haydn served which family

esterhazy

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haydn job with esterhazy

kapellmeister

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haydn how many quartets

70 (almost 75 - quarter)

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haydn how many symphonies

100+ (cent-phony)

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haydn how many operas

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haydn how many masses

14 (same as opera)

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haydn genres (6)

pretty much all > concerto, mass, opera, oratorio, quartet, symphony

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haydn big accomp

classical model of string quartet

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esterhazy family

wealthiest + most powerful of hung royal families; relatives of imp family in vienna; music patrons

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patronage sys

basically sponsorship of musicians, by orphanages (ospedales) or wealthy people

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kapellmeister

person in charge of musical establishment + performances > orchestra, opera theater, concert

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piano invented when

c 1700

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piano orig name

fortepiano/pianoforte

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bowed strings classic orch

bro…. if you dont know this

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single reed inst

flute, clarinet

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double reed inst

oboe, bassoon

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brass inst

horn (french), trumpet + trombone

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rare + common brass

rare - trumpet, tromb; common - fr horn (bc france was big and so was the horn)

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percussion classical

timpani

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chamber music

small ensemble music, one player to part; social/domestic

tonality/functional tonality

major + minor keys; foundation of music theory + pracky in western world

tonality when

1600-1900

tonality works how

hierarchical; emphasis on certain pitches + chords to make some sound more stable than others

key/key area

themes + harmonies; joined by modulations/transitions

major key/scale

you know this

minor key/scale

you also know this

chromatic scale

12 pitches/all pitches in one octave > half steps

equal-temperament tuning

12 half steps per octave

tonic

central pitch in a key

modulation

key change

common modulation ptn

to dominant, then back to tonic

modulation aka

transition

consonant

stable and sounds nice

dissonant

from pitches not in key/doesnt sound right or good

staccato legato

lol

trill

weeeeeeeee

cantabile

singy; homophonic

lyrical

ctrl; beauty of tone, melodic

minuet

baroque origin, elegant dance mvt in triple

minuet popular when

1650-1800 (1650 adds to 12 and 18 is a multiple of 3, which is the time signature)

minuet which mvt

second or third mvt (in 3), in classical model

scherzo

dance; light, playful

minuet/scherzo + trio form

minuet or scherzo dance, plus trio section for smaller subset

rondo form

alternating theme in tonic with solo episode or other melody

theme + variation form

yeah.....

sonata/first-mvt form

common in 1st mvts of inst genres; rounded binary form (a-b)

sonata form progression

exposition, repeat > development > recapitulation

sonata exposition prog

primary theme in tonic, bridge modulating to diff key, secondary theme in sec key, closing sec in sec key

sonata dev part does what

modulates

sonata recapitulation prog

primary theme in tonic, transition modulation, sec theme in tonic, coda (closing) in tonic

sequence

short motive repeated at different pitch, often featured in mod sections (like in danse mac)

cadenza (in concerto!)

YES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

cadenza written how

meant for improv, but there were fully notated versions

cadenza when

usually first but sometimes third/last mvt

motives (and other distractions???)

melody fragment

theme

main melody

opus

work; catalogue number

virtuoso

technical skill

venetian ospedale

started as hospitals or shelter type things and became conservatories to learn to read, write, play music; eventually wealthy ppl sent their girls there too (like sirmen)

concerto

large ensemble, mult mvt, featured soloist c orchestra

duet

uh two people playing

double/triple concerto

amount of soloists

opera seria

serious opera, 3 acts (series), rec + aria

opera seria plots based on

hx or legend

opera buffa/comique

comic opera, 2 acts (duffa), rec + arias

buffa plot

contemp situation + char; common folk

seria audience

arist

buffa audience

middle class

overture

aka sinfonia; inst opening of opera

singspiel

comic german opera

singspiel performed how

spoken dialogue, aria, duet, choral nbr

singspiel plot

exotic but w commoners

singspiel audience

middle class but also emperors

sonata

chamber music, either multi-mvt for piano alone or for inst solo with piano accomp

string quartet (mvts)

4 mvt (quartet); 2 violin, viola, cello

symphony

multi-mvt, orch alone

symphony mvt tempos

allegro, adagio, moderato, adagio/presto

symph keys

tonic, contrasting (minor if tonic major etc), either but usually diff from 1st + 2nd, tonic

symph forms

sonata, theme+vars, dance (min or scherzo), rondo/sonata

symph 1st mvt desc

longest

2nd mvt desc

lyrical/sad; contrast w 1st

3rd mvt desc

brief, light, stately; occasional trio sec

sirmen education where

ospedale di mendicanti

martinez education who

metastasio

classic pd

1750-1800

mozart when

1756-1791

mozart born where

salzburg austria

mozart instrumetns

keyboard mans

mozart job

honorary assistant kapellmeister

mozart most success

music theater

beethoven when

1770-1827 beetho(se)ven - 1770-27

beethoven where born

bonn

beethoven instrument

piano

beethoven which era style

classical but he bent the rules a little

beethoven style traits

chromatic harmony, motivic dev, creative lib

beethoven how many symphonies

9 (like the letters in his name)

orchestra changes classical/1800s

bowed strings, separate parts, larger