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DMST 265 Vascular Sonography 1 > Quiz 2 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What phases of the cardiac cycle will cause an increase in venous return?

  1. Atrial Contraction and closing of the AV valves
  2. Atrial Contraction and opening of the AV valves
  3. Ventricular contraction and closing of the AV valves
  4. Ventricular contraction and opening of the AV valves
A

D) Ventricular contraction and opening of the AV valves

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2
Q

Which pressure determines the cross sectional shape of the vein?

A

Transmural

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3
Q

What is the average venous hydrostatic pressure in a supine individual at the angles?

A

15mmHG ( because the person is in supine)

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4
Q

What is the ebb and flow of venous blood in response to normal respiration called?

A

Respirophasicity

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5
Q

Which of the following angles will result in the largest doppler shift?

  1. 0 degrees
  2. 30 degrees
  3. 45 degrees
  4. 90 degrees
A

0 degrees because cos0 is 1

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6
Q

Standard colour flow doppler is not susceptible to aliasing T/F?

A

False (power doppler)

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7
Q

Which of he following changes would correct aliasing of a spectral doppler waveform?

  1. An increase in PRF
  2. Decrease in PRF
A
  1. An increase in PRF
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8
Q

In reference to venous circulation, what are the calf muscles known as?

A

Venous heart

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9
Q

If a patients intra-abdominal increases, what happens to the flow from the lower extremities?

A

It decreases

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10
Q

How would a sonogrpaher define hydrostatic pressure?

A

The weight of a column of blood

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11
Q

What muscle action allows for blood to flow from the superficial veins to the deep via the perforators?
1. Rest
2. Relaxation
3. Contraction
4. All of the above

A

Relaxation.

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12
Q

Transmural pressure can be best described as the difference between which of the two pressures?

A

Intramural and interstitial

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13
Q

Which of the following methods are used to represent doppler shift?

  1. Colour shift
  2. Audible sounds
  3. Spectral waveforms
  4. All of the above
A
  1. All of the above
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14
Q

How would a sonogrpaher describe the common femoral vein waveform in the presence of a proximal obstruction?

A

Continuous

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15
Q

What determines the brightness of the envelope seen on a doppler spectral tracing?

A

Number of blood cells contained in a sample

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16
Q

The following waveform pattern is commonly seen in the hepatic veins in a normal patient. What part of the cardiac cycle does the “s” wave represent?
1. Right atrial contraction
2. The end of the right atrial filling
3. Near the end of the right atrial filling
4. The opening of the tricuspid valve

A
  1. Near the end of the right atrial filling
17
Q

How is the frame rate affect when increasing the depth size of the colour flow box?

A

It is unchanged

18
Q

What is the areas on a spectral trace that is found below the displayed velocities called?

A

Window

19
Q

What is considered the best option to eliminate the “bleeding” artifact seen with colour flow imaging?

A

Decrease the colour gain

20
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of power doppler?

  1. Higher frame rate
  2. Greater sensitivity
  3. More accurate determination of flow volume
  4. Precise determination of blood flow direction
A
  1. Greater sensitivity
21
Q

What is the best way to eliminate the aliasing when scanning with a 5 MHz continuous wave probe?

A

There is no aliasing

22
Q

Which of the following is a reason why colour doppler mirror imaging artifact may occur?

  1. Being over gained
  2. Scanning to perpendicular to the vessel
  3. When the Nyquist limit has been exceed
  4. When a strong Specular reflector is deep to the vessel
A

When a strong Specular reflector is deep to the vessel

23
Q

What artifact is demonstrate in this colour doppler image?

  1. Noise
  2. Mirror
  3. Aliasing
  4. Broadening
A

Noise

24
Q

What direction is blood flowing in this image relative to the screen?

A

Right to left

25
Q

The following image is of the distal femoral vein with appropriate PRF settings. What could be done to improve the colour fill?

A

Increase the colour gain

26
Q

What is the reason for the waveform demonstrated in this common femoral vein?

A

Increased right sided heart pressures

27
Q

What is the arrow in this image illustrating?

A

Increased antegrade flow velocity

28
Q

What is the typical value of venous pressure in the right atrium?

A

0mmHg

29
Q

What is the name of the normal dilation of a vein at the site of a valve?

A

The sinus

30
Q

What percentage of the total blood volume is typically contained within the venous system?

A

65%

DMST 265 Vascular Sonography 1 (19 decks)

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