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Quiz 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the life cycle stages of Platyhelminthes in order?
    a) Egg, Miracidium, Rediae, Metacercariae, Sporocyst, Cercariae
    b) Egg, Miracidium, Sporocyst, Rediae, Cercariae, Metacercariae
    c) Egg, Rediae, Miracidium, Sporocyst, Cercariae, Metacercariae
    Egg, sporocyst, Radiae, Miracidium, Cercariae, Metacercariae
A

b) Egg, Miracidium, Sporocyst, Rediae, Cercariae, Metacercariae

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2
Q

What animal is usually the intermediate host of a Plathyhelminthes?

A

Snail/molluscs

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3
Q

Eating what contaminated aquatic vegetable can lead to an infection of Fasciolepsis buski, the Giant Intestinal Fluke?

A

Water chestnuts

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4
Q

What is the type of symmetry of nematodes?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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5
Q

What is the definitive host of Polystoma intergerrimum?

a) Humans
b) Dogs
c) Mice
d) Frogs

A

d) frogs

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6
Q

The pinworm has how many hosts in its life cycle?

A

One

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7
Q

List 2 parasites that can be treated with Praziquantel (Latin names)

A

Clonorchis sinensis

Paragonimus westermani

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8
Q

How do schistosomes get into the human host?

A

Penetrate skin of human in water

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9
Q

What are the two stages in the development of trematodes that are free living?

a) Eggs, rediae
b) Miracidium, cercariae
c) Eggs, miracidium
d) Metacaercariae, sporocyst

A

b) Miracidium, cercariae

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10
Q

What is a prohaptor?

A

Attachment organ with hooks at posterior end of body

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11
Q

Where does mature Fasciola hepatica reside inside the host?

A

Bile ducts

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12
Q

What is the habitat of the adult form of Taenia solium?

A

Intestine of humans

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13
Q

True or False

Tapeworms (cestodes) have an anus and a mouth

A

False

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14
Q

What species of nematode commonly infects children and causes itchiness?

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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15
Q

Name three species of tapeworms

A

Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Cysticercus solium
Cysticercus bovis

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16
Q

What causes cysticerosis

A

Cysticerus solium

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17
Q

Class Termatoda:
a) Most common and abundant parasitic worms of all classes of vertebrates
b) At least two hosts
c) Parasitize nearly every organ in vertebrate body
d) A and C only
All of the above

A

e) all of the above

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18
Q

Define miracidium

A

Ciliated, free-swimming larva

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19
Q

The suckers in Class Trematoda are well-developed in intestine parasited to be attached to the organ. Mention the three types of the well-developed suckers.

A

Monostome
Amphystome
Distome

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20
Q

What is the species name of the sheep liver fluke? Where does the parasite reside?

A

Fasciola hepatica

Bile ducts

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21
Q

What is the most suitable freshwater fish host of Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Pseudorasbora parva

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22
Q

How does the scolex of Taenia solium (pork) differ from the scolex of T. saginata (beef)?

A

Taenia saginata does not have any hooks

Taenia solium has circular row of hooks

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23
Q

It is possible to distinguish the eggs of T. solium from the eggs of T. saginata. (True/False)

A

False

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24
Q

Chonorchis sinensisis a member of which phylum and class?

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda

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25
Q

What life stage of Fasciolopsis buskiis found attached to the water chestnut?

a) egg
b) metacercaria
c) miracidium
d) cercaria
e) adult

A

b) metacercaria

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26
Q

_____ cestodes have a single proglottid. _____ cestodes have more than one proglottid.

A

Monozoic

Polyzoic

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27
Q

Why does Echinococcus granulosuscause so many more problems for humans than other cestodes?

A

Localize in different organs (cysts in liver, lung, bones, and sometimes, brain) and form hydatid cysts, which can be up to 30cm, which may contain larvae.
Cysts cause variety of problems and need to be surgically removed, like a tumour.

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28
Q

Which animal serves as an intermediate or paratenic host of Dioctophyme renale?

a) annelid
b) cat
c) copepod
d) crustacean
e) all of the above

A

a) annelid

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29
Q

Describe what traumatic insemination is and name one species that does it.

A 
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Following mating, male dies
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30
Q

Why are pinworms, for the most part, common in children (why is it easier for them to get re-infected)?

A

Children will put their hands in their mouth after scratching their anus

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31
Q

How do flatworms respire?

A

Respire by diffusion

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32
Q

What serves as a reservoir of infection for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Carnivorous animals, such as humans

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33
Q

Beef tapeworm T. saginata has ____ suckersbut no ____ or ____

A

Four
Hooks
Neck

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34
Q

What is the common name of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Canine or dog heartworm

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35
Q

What is the most prevalent hookworm infection?

A

Ancylostomiasis

36
Q

What is the taxonomic name for the guinea worm?

a) Loa loa
b) Wucheria bancrofti
c) Dracunculus medinensis
d) Dirofilaria immitis

A

c) Dracunculus medinesis

37
Q

Hookworms are able to transmit their larvae through mammary glands. True or false?

38
Q

What species causes Onchocerciasis aka riverblindness?

a) Onchocerca bancrofti
b) Onchocerca volvulus
c) Onchocerca loa
d) Onchocerca immitis

A

b) Onchocerca valvulus

39
Q

The bodies of most tapeworms consist of a chain of ____.

A

Proglottids

40
Q

What are the 3 classes of phylum platyhelminthes?

A

Monogenea, Trematoda (flukes), and Cestoda (tapeworms)

41
Q

Polystoma integerrimum is more commonly known as what?

A

Frog bladder fluke

42
Q

Taenia saginata is a parasite humans acquire from:

a) Pork
b) Fish
c) Beef
d) Chicken

43
Q

What is the definitive host of Taenia solium?

44
Q

What is the difference between monostome and amphystome?

A

Monostome: only one oral sucker
Amphystome: has oral sucker and acetabulum at posterior end of the body

45
Q

How is Paragonimus westermani treated and prevented?

A

Praziquantel

Adequate cooking of crustaceans is a preventative measure, and improving sanitary conditions in endemic areas

46
Q

What are some of the symptoms of Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) infection?

A

Epigastric pain, nausea and diarrhea, edema, ascites

47
Q

How are animals infected with Trichinella spiralis?

A

Animals are infected when they ingest infective larvae (juveniles) in raw or undercooked meat

48
Q

What is the infective stage of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Larvae, penetrating through skin

49
Q

What is the scientific name for the oriental liver fluke?

A

Clonorchis sinesis

50
Q

What is the scientific name for the Chinese water chestnut?

A

Eleocharis dulcis

51
Q

What class do tapeworms belong to?

52
Q

What is the name of the head-like structure used by tapeworms to attach to their hosts?

53
Q

At which end of a tape worm would you find the most newly formed proglottid?

A

Proximal end

54
Q

Class _____ is the most common and abundant class of parasitic worms of all classes of vertebrates

55
Q

What larval stage is responsibly for transmission from host to host in Monogenea parasites?

A

Oncomiracidium

56
Q

Clonorchis sinensis is most commonly found in:

a) India
b) South Korea
c) China
d) Canada

57
Q

What are the two subclasses of Cestoidea?

A

Cestodaria

Eucestoda

58
Q

How is the diagnosis of Cysticercosis confirmed?

A

Recovery of eggs or proglottids in stool or from perianal area

59
Q

What drug is used to treat Trichuris trichiura, or whipworm?

A

Mebendazole

60
Q

How do pinworms mate?

A

Traumatic insemination

61
Q

What causes Cochin-China diarrhea?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)

62
Q

What parasite causes river blindness?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

63
Q

What is the correct order of the stages of the digene larvae life cycle (Phylum Platyhelminthes; Class Trematoda) including the egg?

A

Egg, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacerceria, adult trematode

64
Q

What phylum comprises the simplest animals that are both bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic?

65
Q

In subclass Eucestoda (Tapeworms), when is the definitivehost infected?

a. Definitive host ingests the promastigote stage in the intermediate host.
b. Definitive host ingests the metacestode stage in the intermediate host.
c. Definitive host ingests the polyzoicstage in the intermediate host.
d. Definitive host ingests the mature larval stage in the intermediate host.

A

b. Definitive host ingests the metacestode stage in the intermediate host.

66
Q

Name 2 causative agents of hydatid cysts (Species names).

A

Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus multilocularis

67
Q

What types of drugs are used to treat infection fromAscaris lumbricoides(Large intestinalroundworm)?

A

Mebendazole, Nitazoxanide, and ivermectin, bind to tubulin in worm’s intestinal cells and body wall muscles

68
Q

Which parasite is responsible for causing Cysticercosis (Latin name)?

A

Cysticercus solium

69
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A) Nematodes can be found in the deep ocean
B) Unlike most parasites, male Nematodes must compete for a mate
C) Female Nematodes can produce eggs without fertilization
D) Both male and female Nematodes can live in the human kidneys
E) Nematodes do not have round muscles, only longitudinal
F) All of the above statements are true

A

B) Unlike most parasites, male Nematodes must compete for a mate

70
Q

D. renale can be found in the ____ of the human host, and the most effective treatment for this parasite is _____.

A

Kidney

Surgical removal

71
Q

Which of the following statements is false?
A) Immature tape worms are referred to as metacestodes and the sexually matured tapeworm is found in the small intestine
B) The definitive host is the animal to which the tapeworm reaches sexual maturity, infection of the definitive host is much harder to treat than infection of the intermediate host
C) Different species of tape worms can be characterised by the number of proglottids
D) T. solium and T. saginata are known as the pork and beef tape worm respectively
E) When hunting deer, it is important to cook the meat thoroughly to avoid deer liver fluke infection
F) Both B and E are incorrect

A

F) Both B and E are correct

72
Q 
From the parasites we discussed, which of the following foods, when eaten raw, provide a significant risk? 
A)	Fresh water fish
B)	Deer liver 
C)	Salt water fish 
D)	Chestnuts
A

A) Fresh water fish

73
Q

Define tripoblastic

A

Having a body derived from three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

74
Q

The sexually mature form of the tapeworm is found in the

a) Midgut of flies
b) Definitive host
c) Intermediate host
d) Metacestodes

A

b) Definitive host

75
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale is commonly caused by

a) Eating raw meat
b) Walking barefoot in contaminated areas
c) Eating raw fish
d) Eating raw snails

A

b) Walking barefoot in contaminated areas

76
Q

Schistosomes are also knows as…

a) Blood flukes
b) Oriental liver fluke
c) Chinese fluke
d) Lung fluke

A

a) blood flukes

77
Q

How do you diagnose schistosomiasis?

A

Recovering eggs in urine or stool

78
Q

Unlike Class Digenea, Class Monogenea :

a) Have complex life cycles specialized for parasitism in animal tissues
b) Have direct life-cycle with no asexual reproduction
c) Are in one of the major taxon of flukes
d) Both B and C

A

b) Have direct life-cycle with no asexual reproduction

79
Q

Are all species of the class Trematoda (Digenea) parasitic?

80
Q

Which class of Platyhelminthes is/are hermaphrodited?

A

Trematoda, Monogenea

81
Q

What is not a class of phylum Plathyhelminthes?

a) Trematoda
b) Monogenea
c) Cestoda
d) Hepatica

A

d) Hepatica

82
Q

What is the geographical location of the parasite Fascioclopsis buski?

a) Eastern and southern Africa
b) Northern and western Africa
c) Central and southeast Asia
d) Northwest Asia

A

c) Central and southeast Asia

83
Q

Platyhelminthes have:

a) Radial symmetry
b) Asymmetry
c) Bilateral symmetry
d) Biradial symmetry

A

c) Bilateral symmetry

84
Q

What is the scientific name for Threadworm

a) Cetonia aurata
b) Strongyloides stercoralis
c) Echinorhynchus salmonis
d) Macrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

A

b) Strongyloides stercoralis

85
Q

How far and fast can a Dracunulus medinensis, Guinea worm, be removed from the human body?

A

Treatment includes the extraction of the adult guinea worm by rolling it a few centimeters per day

86
Q

What is the common vector for Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria malayi (Common name)?

A

Mosquitoes

87
Q

How much blood does Hirudo medicinalis ingest while feeding?

a) 20-30 ml
b) 1-4 ml
c) 10-15 ml
d) 5-7 ml

A

c) 10-15 ml

Biology 3322 (7 decks)

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