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Biology 3322 > Quiz 1 Questions > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Systematics relies on:

a) DNA
b) Geographical distribution
c) Species descriptions
d) Proteins
e) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

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2
Q

All parasites are heterotrophic.

True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

Parasites that live in hollow organs are:

a) Histozoic
b) Coelozoic
c) Glycocalyx
d) Pseudopodia

A

B) coelozoic

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4
Q

Giardia lamblia is a parasite of:

a) Rats
b) Humans
c) Cattle
d) Birds

A

B) humans

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5
Q

Which of the following are true of Apicomplexa:

a) Parasitize both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts
b) Have both monoxenous or heteroxenous life cycles
c) Have both asexual and sexual reproductive phases
d) All of the above

A

D) all of the above

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6
Q

What is the difference between symbiosis and phoresis?

A

Symbiosis: living together
Phoresis: traveling together (no physical or biochemical relationship)

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7
Q

What is the difference between definitive and intermediate hosts?

A

Definitive host: is one on which the parasite reaches sexual maturity
Intermediate host: required for parasite development, but parasite does not reach sexual maturity

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8
Q

What is the phylum, subphylum, genus, and species of the Protozoan that causes Chaga’s Disease?

A

Phylum Euglenozoa
Subphylum Kinetoplasta
Genus Trypanosoma
Species Cruzi

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9
Q

What are the 4 Plasmodium species responsible for malaria in humans

A

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale

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10
Q 
What tick-vectored disease presents with malaria-like symptoms?
A.)	Amoebiasis 
B.)	Trichomoniasis
C.)	Babesiosis
D.)	Trypanosomiasis
A

C) Babesiosis

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11
Q

What are the three locomotor organelles in protozoa?

A

Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia

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12
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia?

A

Person-to-person, water-borne, and venereal

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13
Q

Which organism causes visceral leishmaniasis? (Scientific name)

A

Leishmania donovani

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14
Q

How is toxoplasmosis treated?

A

Spiramycin

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15
Q

Name three commensal species in Entamoeba

A

Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba gingivalis

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16
Q

African sleeping sickness, also called ______ is transmitted by a vector of the ______spp., also known as the TseTse fly. One of the syptoms of the disease are ______.

A

Trypanosomiasis
Glossina spp.
Chancre at site of bite, Winterbottom sign, intense itching (skin damage), marked wasting

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17
Q

African sleeping sickness is similar to Chagas disease in that:

a) Both diseases are transmitted to humans from the feces of the vector
b) Both diseases are transmitted from the same vector, but each is endemic in different in an different area
c) Both diseases are caused by the same genus of parasite
d) Both diseases are caused by ‘salivaria’ parasites
e) Both C and D

A

C) Both disease are caused by the same genus of parasite

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18
Q

I. Leishmaniosis is caused by a tsetse fly bite and can lead to visceral or cutaneous lesions
II. Part of the T. cruzi lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection
III. Part of the T.b gambiense lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection
IV. A key ingredient in tonic water, quinine, is used as an anti-parasitic compound against several forms of leishmanial spp.
Which of the above statements are true?

A

II. Part of T. cruzi lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection

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19
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

a) Plasmodium and Babesia species can be prevented using similar drugs
b) Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly, and the smallest Plasmodium spp.
c) Characteristic symptoms of malaria are attacks every 2-3 days
d) Visitors of malaria endemic countries are more at risk than locals
e) Plasmodium spp. have an apical complex structure

A

b) Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly, and the smallest Plasmodium spp.

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20
Q

Why does WHO map not accurately represent the global distribution of malaria?

A

Insects do not adhere to country borders

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21
Q

A patient comes in with the exact signs and symptoms of infection with a plasmodium species but has not traveled to a place where plasmodium is endemic. What other parasitic infection could this person have?

A

Babesiosis - Babesia microti

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22
Q

What does Trypanosoma brucei gambiense cause in humans?

A

Chronic form of sleeping sickness

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23
Q

What is Entamoeba histolytica’s reservoir host?

A

No reservoir hosts

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24
Q

Toxoplasma can alter the behaviours of infected hosts, often by affecting the amygdala in the brain. How does toxoplasma affect the dopamine levels of an infected host?
A.) Lowers Dopamine levels
B.) Raises dopamine levels
C.) Toxoplasma does not affect dopamine levels
D.) Prevents Dopamine from binding to receptors.

A

B) raises dopamine levels

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25
Q

Kala-azar or dum-dum fever can occur 1-4 months after infection. Some symptoms include chills, sweating and an enlarged spleen. What is the medical term for this disease

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

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26
Q

A doctor in West Africa has a patient come to him with the following symptoms, Fever, a noticeable cancre on the skin, swollen lymph nodes and is showing some neurological problems. The patient tells the doctor that he works outside all day but is often too tired and stays inside at night. The doctor would probably suspect the patient to be infected with which of the following parasites?

a. T. b. gambienese
b. T. b. rhodesiense
c. Trypanosoma Cruzi
d. T.b. nagana

A

a) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

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27
Q

What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?

A

A.) Mutualism: both partners benefit from the association
B.) Parasitism: one of the participants, the parasite, either harms its host or in some sense lives at the expense of the host

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28
Q

What are the forms of trypanosomatidae?

A

Amastigote, choamistigote, promastigote, opistomastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

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29
Q

Genus TRYPANOSOMA is divided intotwo groups based on the characteristics of their development in the insect hosts. What are the two groups?

A

A.) Salivaria

B.) Stercoraria

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30
Q

Several species of Leishmania are pathogenic for man.

Mention 2 species and their dangers.

A

L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis
L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis
L. braziliensis causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

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31
Q

Write the corresponding nitrogenous waste excreted by each of the following groups
A. Ammonotelic:
B. Uricotelic:
C. Ureotelic:

A

Ammonotelic: excrete most of their nitrogen in ammonia, most of which diffuses directly through the cell membrane
Uricotelic: terrestrial arthropods excretes uric acid or its salts
Ureotelic: nitrogen as urea

32
Q

(A) are parasites that live in hollow organs, while (B)___________ live in tissues

A

A) Coelozoic

B) Histozoic

33
Q

What are the two genera of Sand Flies, and where are they found (hint: new or old worlds)?

A

A.) Lutzomyia spp. - New World

B.) Phlebotomus spp. - Old World

34
Q

State one of the methods to avoid mosquito bites (malaria) when asleep?

A

Insect repellant

Net

35
Q

What is the drug that is used to treat symptomatic and chronic amebiasis (caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Metronidazole

36
Q

How does the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite multiply?

A

Longitudinal binary fission

37
Q

The sexual and asexual parts of the lifecycle for Toxoplasma gondii take place in the:

a) sexual: Felidae family, asexual: warm blooded animals
b) sexual: warm blooded animals, asexual: Felidae family
c) both take place in the Felidae family
d) both take place in warm blooded animals

A

A) Sexual: Felidae family, asexual: warm blooded animals

38
Q

What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis:

a) Tinidazole
b) Dimetridazole
c) Pentavalent antimonials
d) Metronidazole

A

D) Metronidazole

39
Q

Which form of leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania braziliensisand affects the mucoid tissues?

A

Mucocutaneous leishmania

40
Q

Which of the following is pathogenic of humans?

a) Entamoeba hartmanni
b) Entamoeba coli
c) Entamoeba histolytica
d) Endolimax nana

A

C) Entamoeba histolytica

41
Q

Naegleria fowleriexemplifieswhich of the following?

a) hyperparasitism
b) parasitoidy
c) accidental parasitism
d) all of the above
e) a and b only

A

C) Accidental parasitism

42
Q

What disease is transmitted by “kissing bugs”?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi, American Trypanosomiasis

43
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of a reservoir host?

a) The host in which a parasite reproduces sexually
b) The host in which a parasite reproduces asexually
c) The host of a non-pathogenic parasite (i.e., the host in a commensal relationship)
d) A non-domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans
e) A domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans (e.g., cats in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii)

A

e) A domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans (e.g., cats in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii)

44
Q

What is the most common form of Leishmania?

A

Leishmania tropica: Cutaneous leishmaniasis

45
Q

What is the major cause of amebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

46
Q

What stage phase and where does leishmania multiply in the human body?

a) amastigotes, multiply within human cells
b) promastigotes, multiply in liver
c) epimastigote, multiply in spleen
d) amastigotes, multiply in the kidneys

A

a) amastigotes, multiply within human cells

47
Q

Name 3 of the 4 vectors forTrypanosoma cruzi. (Scientific names)

A

Triatoma infestans
Triatoma sordida
Panstongylus megistus
Rhodnius prolixus

48
Q

Describe the symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis and the approximate time it take for them to start after infection.

A

1-4mo post infection
Fever, with a daily rise to 38-39 degrees C, accompanied by chills and sweating, spleen and liver become englarged, skin develops hyperpigmented granulomatous areas

49
Q

The __________ is a disc shaped organelle containing DNA located in the mitochondrion of trypanosomes.

A

Kinetoplast

50
Q
  1. Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for African sleeping sickness. T.b. gambiense results in the (A)________ form of the disease, while T.b. rhodesiense causes the (B)__________ form of the disease.
A

A) chronic

B) acute

51
Q

The (A)_____________ phase of the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle occurs in the felidae family specifically, while the (B)_____________ phase can occur in any warm blooded animal.

A

A) sexual

B) asexual

52
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmania causes destruction and disfiguration of what in humans?

A

Mucoid surfaces - face

53
Q

Which form doesn’t have a flagellum?

a) Epimastigote
b) Choanomastigote
c) Amastigote
d) Opistomastigote

A

a) amastigote

54
Q

What form of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) causes the disease to rapidly progress?

a) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
b) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
c) Trypanosoma cruzi
d) Trypanosoma brucei cruzi

A

b) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

55
Q

What is the definition of prevalence?

a) All parasites of a particular species occurring within the body of a single host individual
b) All the parasites in the environment (hosts, land, water) in a certain area
c) The number of different species of parasite in an environment
d) Number of hosts that are infected at a given time

A

d) number of hosts that are infected at given time

56
Q

What is encystment?

A

Process of secreting a resistant covering and going into resting stage

57
Q

Which of the following is a ureotelic organism?

a) Orchid
b) Lobster
c) Chameleon
d) Flamingo
e) Dog

A

e) Dog

58
Q

Which of the following is true of Apicomplexa life cycles?

a) The have only monoxenous life cycles
b) They have only heteroxenous life cycles
c) They have only homoxenous life cycles
d) They have both monoxenous or heteroxenous life cycles

A

d) they have both monoxenous and heteroxenous life cyles

59
Q

Name the three methods of asexual reproduction that parasitic protozoans undergo.

A
  1. Binary fission
  2. Multiple fission
  3. Budding
60
Q

Which of the following is not a body structure within the Class Kinetoplasta?

a) Choanomastigote
b) Opisthomastigote
c) Dimastigote
d) Epimastigote

A

c) dimastigote

61
Q

Which is not a life cycle stage of the Apicomplexas?

a) Trophogony
b) Sporogony
c) Merogony
d) Gametogony

A

a) Trophogony

62
Q

Define Epizootic

A

massive deaths of wild animals infected with parasites

63
Q

Define Zoonosis

A

transmission to humans of parasites normally found in wild and domestic animals

64
Q

Which section/group of Trypanosoma develops in the anterior part of insect’s digestive tract?

A

Salivaria

65
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic Entamoeba histolytica infection?

A

Frequent dysentery, necrotic mucosa and abdominal pain
Blood and mucus in feces
Intervening gastrointestinal disturbances and constipation
Cysts in stool
Abscesses in liver, lung, brain

66
Q

Name two protozoan phyla covered in class

A

Phyllum Retortomonada
Phyllum Euglenozoa
Phyllum Sarcodina
Phyllum Apicomplexa

67
Q

Name 3 species in the genus Entamoeba and state if they are pathogenic or not.

A 
E. hiystolitica: pathogenic
E. dispar: commensal
E. hartmanni: commensal
E. coli: commensal
E. gingivalis: commensal
68
Q

What are two methods of control/prevention for malaria?

A 
Prevent infection, avoid mosquito bites
Medication
Bed-nets
Screening buildings
Treatment of building walls
Biological Control- Mosquito Fish
Source reduction
Insect Repellents
Education
69
Q

Which organelle is responsible for the formation of undulipodia in kinetoplastida?

A

Kinetosome

70
Q

Ramana’s sign is characteristic of which disease?

A

Chaga’s disease, American trypanosomiasis

71
Q

How is infection by E. histolytica confirmed in the lab?

A

Finding cysts in stool

72
Q

Which species of ticks transmits Babesiosis?

A

deer tick Ixodes scapularis

73
Q

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma?

A

Felidae family

74
Q

Where are parasites found in terms of trophic levels (state the name)?

A

Higher level than hosts, heterotrophic

75
Q

How is Trichomonas vaginalistransmitted and, how can it be diagnosed and treated?

A

Transmitted through sexual intercourse
Diagnosed through swab of discharge
Treated with metronidazole

76
Q

Which is the most commonly used medication for Malaria and babesiosis?

A

c) Quinine

77
Q

Briefly explain how Ixodes scapularis can transmit Babesiosis

A

Sporozoites are introduced in host by blood meal - tick bites

Biology 3322 (7 decks)

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