Quiz 1 Questions Flashcards by Sabrina Secord

Systematics relies on:

a) DNA
b) Geographical distribution
c) Species descriptions
d) Proteins
e) All of the above

E) All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All parasites are heterotrophic.

True or False?

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasites that live in hollow organs are:

a) Histozoic
b) Coelozoic
c) Glycocalyx
d) Pseudopodia

B) coelozoic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Giardia lamblia is a parasite of:

a) Rats
b) Humans
c) Cattle
d) Birds

B) humans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following are true of Apicomplexa:

a) Parasitize both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts
b) Have both monoxenous or heteroxenous life cycles
c) Have both asexual and sexual reproductive phases
d) All of the above

D) all of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between symbiosis and phoresis?

Symbiosis: living together
Phoresis: traveling together (no physical or biochemical relationship)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between definitive and intermediate hosts?

Definitive host: is one on which the parasite reaches sexual maturity
Intermediate host: required for parasite development, but parasite does not reach sexual maturity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the phylum, subphylum, genus, and species of the Protozoan that causes Chaga’s Disease?

Phylum Euglenozoa
Subphylum Kinetoplasta
Genus Trypanosoma
Species Cruzi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 Plasmodium species responsible for malaria in humans

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What tick-vectored disease presents with malaria-like symptoms?
A.)	Amoebiasis 
B.)	Trichomoniasis
C.)	Babesiosis
D.)	Trypanosomiasis

C) Babesiosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three locomotor organelles in protozoa?

Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia?

Person-to-person, water-borne, and venereal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organism causes visceral leishmaniasis? (Scientific name)

Leishmania donovani

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is toxoplasmosis treated?

Spiramycin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name three commensal species in Entamoeba

Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba gingivalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

African sleeping sickness, also called ______ is transmitted by a vector of the ______spp., also known as the TseTse fly. One of the syptoms of the disease are ______.

Trypanosomiasis
Glossina spp.
Chancre at site of bite, Winterbottom sign, intense itching (skin damage), marked wasting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

African sleeping sickness is similar to Chagas disease in that:

a) Both diseases are transmitted to humans from the feces of the vector
b) Both diseases are transmitted from the same vector, but each is endemic in different in an different area
c) Both diseases are caused by the same genus of parasite
d) Both diseases are caused by ‘salivaria’ parasites
e) Both C and D

C) Both disease are caused by the same genus of parasite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I. Leishmaniosis is caused by a tsetse fly bite and can lead to visceral or cutaneous lesions
II. Part of the T. cruzi lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection
III. Part of the T.b gambiense lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection
IV. A key ingredient in tonic water, quinine, is used as an anti-parasitic compound against several forms of leishmanial spp.
Which of the above statements are true?

II. Part of T. cruzi lifecycle in humans involves intracellular infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following statements is false?

a) Plasmodium and Babesia species can be prevented using similar drugs
b) Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly, and the smallest Plasmodium spp.
c) Characteristic symptoms of malaria are attacks every 2-3 days
d) Visitors of malaria endemic countries are more at risk than locals
e) Plasmodium spp. have an apical complex structure

b) Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly, and the smallest Plasmodium spp.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why does WHO map not accurately represent the global distribution of malaria?

Insects do not adhere to country borders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A patient comes in with the exact signs and symptoms of infection with a plasmodium species but has not traveled to a place where plasmodium is endemic. What other parasitic infection could this person have?

Babesiosis - Babesia microti

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Trypanosoma brucei gambiense cause in humans?

Chronic form of sleeping sickness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Entamoeba histolytica’s reservoir host?

No reservoir hosts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Toxoplasma can alter the behaviours of infected hosts, often by affecting the amygdala in the brain. How does toxoplasma affect the dopamine levels of an infected host?
A.) Lowers Dopamine levels
B.) Raises dopamine levels
C.) Toxoplasma does not affect dopamine levels
D.) Prevents Dopamine from binding to receptors.

B) raises dopamine levels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kala-azar or dum-dum fever can occur 1-4 months after infection. Some symptoms include chills, sweating and an enlarged spleen. What is the medical term for this disease

Visceral leishmaniasis

A doctor in West Africa has a patient come to him with the following symptoms, Fever, a noticeable cancre on the skin, swollen lymph nodes and is showing some neurological problems. The patient tells the doctor that he works outside all day but is often too tired and stays inside at night. The doctor would probably suspect the patient to be infected with which of the following parasites? a. T. b. gambienese b. T. b. rhodesiense c. Trypanosoma Cruzi d. T.b. nagana

a) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?

A.) Mutualism: both partners benefit from the association B.) Parasitism: one of the participants, the parasite, either harms its host or in some sense lives at the expense of the host

What are the forms of trypanosomatidae?

Amastigote, choamistigote, promastigote, opistomastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

Genus TRYPANOSOMA is divided into two groups based on the characteristics of their development in the insect hosts. What are the two groups?

A.) Salivaria | B.) Stercoraria

Several species of Leishmania are pathogenic for man. | Mention 2 species and their dangers.

L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis L. braziliensis causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Write the corresponding nitrogenous waste excreted by each of the following groups A. Ammonotelic: B. Uricotelic: C. Ureotelic:

Ammonotelic: excrete most of their nitrogen in ammonia, most of which diffuses directly through the cell membrane Uricotelic: terrestrial arthropods excretes uric acid or its salts Ureotelic: nitrogen as urea

(A) are parasites that live in hollow organs, while (B)___________ live in tissues

A) Coelozoic | B) Histozoic

What are the two genera of Sand Flies, and where are they found (hint: new or old worlds)?

A.) Lutzomyia spp. - New World | B.) Phlebotomus spp. - Old World

State one of the methods to avoid mosquito bites (malaria) when asleep?

Insect repellant | Net

What is the drug that is used to treat symptomatic and chronic amebiasis (caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica)?

Metronidazole

How does the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite multiply?

Longitudinal binary fission

The sexual and asexual parts of the lifecycle for Toxoplasma gondii take place in the: a) sexual: Felidae family, asexual: warm blooded animals b) sexual: warm blooded animals, asexual: Felidae family c) both take place in the Felidae family d) both take place in warm blooded animals

A) Sexual: Felidae family, asexual: warm blooded animals

What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis: a) Tinidazole b) Dimetridazole c) Pentavalent antimonials d) Metronidazole

D) Metronidazole

Which form of leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania braziliensis and affects the mucoid tissues?

Mucocutaneous leishmania

Which of the following is pathogenic of humans? a) Entamoeba hartmanni b) Entamoeba coli c) Entamoeba histolytica d) Endolimax nana

C) Entamoeba histolytica

Naegleria fowleri exemplifies which of the following? a) hyperparasitism b) parasitoidy c) accidental parasitism d) all of the above e) a and b only

C) Accidental parasitism

What disease is transmitted by "kissing bugs"?

Trypanosoma cruzi, American Trypanosomiasis

Which of the following is the best definition of a reservoir host? a) The host in which a parasite reproduces sexually b) The host in which a parasite reproduces asexually c) The host of a non-pathogenic parasite (i.e., the host in a commensal relationship) d) A non-domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans e) A domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans (e.g., cats in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii)

e) A domestic animal that can transmit a parasite to humans (e.g., cats in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii)

What is the most common form of Leishmania?

Leishmania tropica: Cutaneous leishmaniasis

What is the major cause of amebic dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica

What stage phase and where does leishmania multiply in the human body? a) amastigotes, multiply within human cells b) promastigotes, multiply in liver c) epimastigote, multiply in spleen d) amastigotes, multiply in the kidneys

a) amastigotes, multiply within human cells

Name 3 of the 4 vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi. (Scientific names)

Triatoma infestans Triatoma sordida Panstongylus megistus Rhodnius prolixus

Describe the symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis and the approximate time it take for them to start after infection.

1-4mo post infection Fever, with a daily rise to 38-39 degrees C, accompanied by chills and sweating, spleen and liver become englarged, skin develops hyperpigmented granulomatous areas

The __________ is a disc shaped organelle containing DNA located in the mitochondrion of trypanosomes.

Kinetoplast

1. Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for African sleeping sickness. T.b. gambiense results in the (A)________ form of the disease, while T.b. rhodesiense causes the (B)__________ form of the disease.

A) chronic | B) acute

The (A)_____________ phase of the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle occurs in the felidae family specifically, while the (B)_____________ phase can occur in any warm blooded animal.

A) sexual | B) asexual

Mucocutaneous leishmania causes destruction and disfiguration of what in humans?

Mucoid surfaces - face

Which form doesn’t have a flagellum? a) Epimastigote b) Choanomastigote c) Amastigote d) Opistomastigote

a) amastigote

What form of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) causes the disease to rapidly progress? a) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense b) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense c) Trypanosoma cruzi d) Trypanosoma brucei cruzi

b) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

What is the definition of prevalence? a) All parasites of a particular species occurring within the body of a single host individual b) All the parasites in the environment (hosts, land, water) in a certain area c) The number of different species of parasite in an environment d) Number of hosts that are infected at a given time

d) number of hosts that are infected at given time

What is encystment?

Process of secreting a resistant covering and going into resting stage

Which of the following is a ureotelic organism? a) Orchid b) Lobster c) Chameleon d) Flamingo e) Dog

e) Dog

Which of the following is true of Apicomplexa life cycles? a) The have only monoxenous life cycles b) They have only heteroxenous life cycles c) They have only homoxenous life cycles d) They have both monoxenous or heteroxenous life cycles

d) they have both monoxenous and heteroxenous life cyles

Name the three methods of asexual reproduction that parasitic protozoans undergo.

1. Binary fission 2. Multiple fission 3. Budding

Which of the following is not a body structure within the Class Kinetoplasta? a) Choanomastigote b) Opisthomastigote c) Dimastigote d) Epimastigote

c) dimastigote

Which is not a life cycle stage of the Apicomplexas? a) Trophogony b) Sporogony c) Merogony d) Gametogony

a) Trophogony

Define Epizootic

massive deaths of wild animals infected with parasites

Define Zoonosis

transmission to humans of parasites normally found in wild and domestic animals

Which section/group of Trypanosoma develops in the anterior part of insect’s digestive tract?

Salivaria

What are the symptoms of chronic Entamoeba histolytica infection?

Frequent dysentery, necrotic mucosa and abdominal pain Blood and mucus in feces Intervening gastrointestinal disturbances and constipation Cysts in stool Abscesses in liver, lung, brain

Name two protozoan phyla covered in class

Phyllum Retortomonada Phyllum Euglenozoa Phyllum Sarcodina Phyllum Apicomplexa

Name 3 species in the genus Entamoeba and state if they are pathogenic or not.

``` E. hiystolitica: pathogenic E. dispar: commensal E. hartmanni: commensal E. coli: commensal E. gingivalis: commensal ```

What are two methods of control/prevention for malaria?

``` Prevent infection, avoid mosquito bites Medication Bed-nets Screening buildings Treatment of building walls Biological Control- Mosquito Fish Source reduction Insect Repellents Education ```

Which organelle is responsible for the formation of undulipodia in kinetoplastida?

Kinetosome

Ramana’s sign is characteristic of which disease?

Chaga's disease, American trypanosomiasis

How is infection by E. histolytica confirmed in the lab?

Finding cysts in stool

Which species of ticks transmits Babesiosis?

deer tick Ixodes scapularis

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma?

Felidae family

Where are parasites found in terms of trophic levels (state the name)?

Higher level than hosts, heterotrophic

How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted and, how can it be diagnosed and treated?

Transmitted through sexual intercourse Diagnosed through swab of discharge Treated with metronidazole

Which is the most commonly used medication for Malaria and babesiosis?

c) Quinine

Briefly explain how Ixodes scapularis can transmit Babesiosis

Sporozoites are introduced in host by blood meal - tick bites

Quiz 1 Questions Flashcards

(77 cards)