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anaphy - chloe > quiz 2 pt 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common types of skin cancer

A

○ Basal cell carcinoma
○ Squamous cell carcinoma
○ Malignant melanoma

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2
Q

Least malignant and most common type of skin cancer

Arises from cells in stratum basale that are altered so that they can no
longer make keratin

Lesions appear as shiny,
dome-shaped nodules that develop a central ulcer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

→ Most deadly of skin cancers, but
accounts for only 5 percent of skin
cancers
→ Arises from melanocytes
→ Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
→ Detection uses ABCDE rule for recognizing melanoma

A

Malignant melanoma

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2
Q

→ Believed to be induced by UV
Exposure
→ Arises from cells of stratum spinosum
→ Lesions appear as scaly, reddened papules that gradually form shallow
ulcers
→ Early removal allows a good chance of cure
→ Metastasizes to lymphnodes if not removed

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

FETAL DEVELOPMENT (2)

A

Lanugo
Vernix Caseosa

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3
Q

ADOLESCENCE (1)

A

Acne

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4
Q

Oily substance protecting skin at birth

A

Vernix Caseosa

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4
Q

Downy hair covering body by 5th or 6th month, disappears by birth

A

Lanugo

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4
Q

NEWBORN (1)

A

milia

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4
Q

Due to activated sebaceous glands

A

Acne

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4
Q

Small white spots on nose and forehead, are at common at birth and disappear by 3rd week

A

Milia

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5
Q

Yellowish, reddish brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes. Increased melanin production due to sunlight exposure leads to tanning. Higher melanin levels result in darker skin, while lower levels lead to lighter skin.

A

melanin

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5
Q

→ Red coloring from blood cells in
dermal capillaries
→ Oxygen content determines the
extent of red coloring

A

Hemoglobin

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5
Q

→ Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
→ High carotene intake can give the
skin a yellow-orange hue.

A

Carotene

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6
Q

→ Low oxygen levels in the blood cause
the lips, fingers and toes look blue
→ Poorly oxygenated hemoglobin can
cause a bluish tint in the skin, known as cyanosis.

A

Cyanosis

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7
Q

→ Reddened skin from embarrassment,
inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy

A

Redness (erythema)

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8
Q

Pale skin due to emotional stress (such as fear), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area

A

Pallor (blanching)

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9
Q

→ Black and blue marks from blood escaping circulation and clotted in tissues, called hematomas.
→ Frequent bruising may indicate vitamin C deficiency or hemophilia.

A

Bruises (black and blue marks)

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10
Q

→ Yellow skin tone indicates liver disorders with excess bile pigments in the blood.

A

Jaundice (yellow cast)

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11
Q

Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands

true or false

A

true

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12
Q

Located all over the skin except for palms and soles. These glands are most numerous on the face.

A

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

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13
Q

Produce sebum (oil) which helps lubricate the skin and hair. Makes skin soft and moist

Prevents hair from becoming brittle
Kills bacteria

A

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

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14
Q

Caused by blocked sebaceous glands. Blackheads result from oxidized, dried sebum; whiteheads are from non-oxidized sebum.

A

Acne

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14
Q

Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto the skin surface

Glands are activated at puberty

A

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

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15
Q

Produce sweat
Widely distributed in skin

A

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

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15
Q

Open via duct to sweat pores on the skin’s surface

Produce acidic sweat

Water, salt, vitamin c, traces of metabolic waste

Function in body temperature regulation

A

Eccrine Glands

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15
Q

Produced by hair follicle

A

hair

15
Q

The central core of the hair, consisting of large cells and air spaces.

A

Central Medulla

16
Q

2 types of Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

A

Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Glands

17
Q

Surrounds the medulla; composed of several layers of flattened cells.

A

Cortex

17
Q

Located in the axilla and perineum.

Ducts empty into hair follicles in the armpit and genitals

Begin to function at puberty

Release sweat that also contains fatty acids and proteins (milky or yellowish color), which can develop an odor when bacteria decompose it

Play a minimal role in body temperature regulation

A

Apocrine Glands

18
Q

Part projecting from the skin.

A

Shaft

18
Q

Part of hair enclosed in the follicle.

A

Root

18
Q

The outermost layer of the hair, formed by a single layer of overlapping cells. This is the most heavily keratinized region of the hair, providing strength and helping to keep the inner layers compacted.

A

Cuticle

19
Q

Central medulla (core), cortex (bulky layer), and cuticle (outermost layer). The cuticle provides strength and can cause split ends when worn out.

A

Layer

20
Q

Associated hair structures

folli-bag)

Composed of an epithelial root sheath and fibrous sheath

Hair follicles are present in most skin areas except for specific regions like the palms and soles. The density and orientation of hair follicles vary by ethnicity.

A

hair follicle

21
Q

Supplies blood vessels to the hair bulb, the deepest part of the hair follicle.

A

Hair Papilla

22
Q

connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened

A small band of smooth muscle cells that os connected to the hair follicle

When contracted, pull the hair upright and cause goosebumps.

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

23
Q

Produced by melanin granules depostode by melanocytes.

A

Hair Color

24
Q

We form all 8 million hair follicles by the 22nd week of fetal life.

true or false

A

false

We form all 5 million hair follicles by the 22nd week of fetal life.

25
Q

Heavily keratinized, scale-like modifications of the epidermis

Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed, which is responsible for growth

A

NAIL

26
Q

Nails appear colorless but look pink due to the ???

A

rich blood supply in the underlying dermis.

26
Q

The tip of the nail that extends beyond the finger or toe.

A

Free Edge

26
Q

The visible, attached portion of the nail.

A

Body

26
Q

The portion of the nail embedded in the skin.

A

Root of nail

27
Q

Skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail.

A

Nail Folds

27
Q

The thick proximal nail fold, also known as the eponychium, that covers the base of the nail.

A

Cuticle

27
Q

The stratum basale of the epidermis extends beneath the nail, responsible for nail growth.

A

Nail bed

27
Q

The thick, proximal area beneath the cuticle where nail growth occurs.

A

Nail Matrix

27
Q

Cover body surfaces
Line body cavities
Form protective sheets around organs

A

skin and body membranes

27
Q

skin and body membranes are classified to two tissue types:

A

epithelial membranes
connective tissue membranes

27
Q

Can be cutaneous (skin), mucous, or serous membranes.

A

epithelial Membranes:

27
Q

Example includes the synovial membrane.

A

Connective Tissue Membranes:

27
Q

Are considered as simple organs
Also called covering or lining membranes

A

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

27
Q

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES contain: 2

A

Epithelial tissue layer
Connective tissue layer

28
Q

A dry membrane
Covers the body surface
Outermost protective boundary

A

Cutaneous Membrane

29
Q

construction of Cutaneous Membrane

A

epidermis and dermis

29
Q

: Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Epidermis

30
Q

: A protein in the epidermis that makes skin water-resistant.

A

Keratin

31
Q

: Primarily dense fibrous connective tissue.

A

dermis

32
Q

Moist membranes

Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

Nasal cavity

Respiratory Tract

Adapted for absorption or secretion

A

Mucous Membrane

32
Q

Loose connective tissue beneath the mucosal epithelium.

A

Lamina Propria:

33
Q

Line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
-Pericardial
-Pleural
- Abdominal cavities

Occurs in pairs, separated by serous fluid, with visceral and parietal; layer

A

Serous membrane

34
Q

Found in serous membranes to prevent friction between organs.

A

Serous Fluid

34
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue only (no epithelial tissue)

Line fibrous capsules surrounding joints
- Line bursae
- Line tendon sheet

Secretes lubricating synovial fluid to cushion organs during muscle activity, preventing friction in joints.

A

Synovial Membrane

34
Q

Lubricates joints and reduces friction during movement.

A

Synovial Fluid

anaphy - chloe (10 decks)

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