quiz 2 Flashcards
occurs during wound healing, which is the process by which the skin or any injured organ restores itself after an injury.
TISSUE REPAIR
prevent further damage, clean and seal the wound to prevent infection, and restore tissue strength and function if possible.
TISSUE REPAIR
Two Mechanisms of Tissue Repair
Fibrosis
Regeneration
damaged tissue is replaced by
the same type of cells. The new tissue completely restores the damaged area to its normal state.
Regeneration
damaged tissue is replaced with
dense fibrous connective tissue or scar tissue. This can interfere with or inhibit the normal function and architecture of the underlying organ or tissue. Examples include fibrosis in the lungs, liver, brain, and heart.
Fibrosis
FACTORS INFLUENCING REPAIR (2)
- type of tissue
- severity of injury
Caridaic tissues and nervous tissues in the brain and spinal cord are Non-Regenerative Tissues
t or f
true
EVENTS OF TISSUE REPAIR (3)
● Inflammation
● Granulation tissue forms
● Surface epithelium regenerates
OBJECTIVE : Prevent further injury.
■ Damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals, increasing capillary permeability
■ White blood cells (WBCs) and clotting proteins seep into the injured area.
■ Platelets migrate to form a fibrin clot, which seals the wound and prevent blood loss
■ Immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) accumulate to remove debris and bacteria
■ Symptoms include swelling,redness, pain, and heat
INFLAMMATION
Objective: Supply cells and nutrients
for remodeling.
Process:
■ New blood vessels form around the wound, creating granulation tissue—delicate pink tissue with new capillaries.
■ Connective tissue cells (fibroblasts) produce collagen fibers and extracellular matrix.
■ Granulation tissue facilitates wound closure as fibroblasts synthesize collagen.
■ Myofibroblasts pull the wound edges together.
Granulation tissue forms
Objective: Regenerate surface epithelium and finalize wound
closure.
Process:
■ The surface epithelium regenerates, thickens, and makes its way between granulation tissue and the scab.
■ The scab eventually detaches, leaving behind a scar.
■ The fibrous tissue matures to form a scar, which may be visible or invisible depending on the severity of the wound.
■ During remodeling, the new tissue matures to more closely resemble the surrounding mature tissue.
Surface epithelium regenerates
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = skeletal muscles
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
weak
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = skin epidermis
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
high
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = smooth muscles
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
moderate
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = mucous membranes
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
high
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = nervous tissues in brain and spinal cord
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
virtually no
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = cartilage
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
weak
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = fibrous connective tissues
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
high
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = tendons
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
moderate
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = bones
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
high
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = blood tissues
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
high
what is its REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF TISSUES? = ligaments
choices: high, moderate, weak, virtually no
moderate
→ Repair of superficial wounds or clean surgical incisions approximated by surgical supports. Involves inflammation, granulation, and maturation stages.
Primary Union (First Intention)
→ Autoimmune disorder
→ Rapid skin cell production,
resulting in red lesions covered with dry, silvery scales; triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress
Psoriasis
→ CAUSE; Fungal infection
→ SYMPTOMS: Itchy, red peeling skin
between the toes
Athlete’s Foot
➔ Caused by bacteria,viruses,orfungi.
INFECTIONS
→ Cause: Exposure to chemicals (e.g.,
poison ivy)
→ Symptoms: Itching, redness, swelling,
possibly blistering
Contact dermatitis
→ Repair of large wounds, abscesses, ulcerations, or necrosis. Involves both regeneration and scarring, with more intense inflammation, abundant granulation tissue, extracellular matrix accumulation, and large scar formation.
Secondary union (Second Intention)
→ : Inflammation of hair follicles
→ : Painful, swollen bumps
Boils (furuncles)
→ Cause: Clusters of boils, often due to
Staphylococcus aureus
→ Symptoms:Multiple interconnected boils
Carbuncles
→ Herpes Simplex Virus 1
→ Fluid-filled blisters
around lips and mouth, itching, and stinging
Cold sores (fever blisters)
→ Cause: Staphylococcus or
Streptococcus bacteria
→ Symptoms: Pink fluid-filled lesions
with yellow crusts, primarily around mouth and nose.
Impetigo
Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
BURNS
Result in loss of body fluids and infection from the invasion of bacteria
burns
Extent of a burn is estimated using the?
rule of nines
→ Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damage
→ Skin is red, painful, and blistered
→ May result in scarring
→ Regrowth of the epithelium can occur → Caused by hot water, flames,
chemicals, or electricity.
Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn)
Only epidermis is damaged
→ Skin is red and swollen
→ Heals in 2-3 days
First-degree burn (superficial burn) →
→ Destroys epidermis and dermis; burned area is painless
→ Requiresskingrafts,asregeneration is not possible
→ Burned area is blanched (gray-white) or black
Third-degree burn (full-thickness burn)
→ Extends into deeper tissues (bone, muscle, tendons)
→ Appears dry and leathery
→ Requires surgery and grafting
→ May require amputation
Fourth-degree burn (full-thickness burn)
