QUIZ 2 PART 3

Question 1

Protection: Acts as an insulation and cushion from external damage (chemicals, UV radiation, pathogens).

Temperature Regulation: Maintains homeostasis through perspiration and heat retention.

Excretion: Through sweat, helps eliminate waste.

Vitamin D Production: Synthesized when skin is exposed to sunlight, aiding calcium absorption.

Answer 1

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 2

LAYERS OF THE SKIN 3

Answer 2

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 3

The outermost layer of the skin, composed of epithelial cells.

Made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Keratinocytes produce keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that provides resilience to the skin.

Answer 3

EPIDERMIS

Question 4

Capable of being hard and tough

Avascular: Without blood vessels

Composed of five layers (strata)

Answer 4

EPIDERMIS

Question 5

also known as Stratum Germinativum

Deepest layer of epidermis

Liest next to dermis

Wavy borderline with the dermis anchors the two together

Cells undergoing mitosis; Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers

Answer 5

Stratum Basale

Question 6

Cells start to die and form a granular layer.

Keratinocytes produce granules of keratohyalin, contributing to the keratin layer.

More keratinocytes into this thin layer
Cells located here contain many granules

Answer 6

Stratum Granulosum

Question 6

Cells become increasingly flatter and more keratinized

Provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Answer 6

Stratum Spinosum

Question 7

Found only in hairless skin areas like the palms and soles.

Composed of a thick, clear layer of dead cells from deeper strata that provides additional protection.

Answer 7

Stratum Lucidum

Question 8

Outermost layer of epidermis with shingle-like dead cells filled with keratin.

Provides a protective barrier and prevents water loss

Answer 8

Stratum Corneum

Question 9

Pigment produced by melanocytes, which gives skin its color (ranging from yellow to brown to black).

Located primarily in the stratum basale.
Accumulates in melanosomes

Answer 9

Melanin

Question 10

Alert and activate immune cells to a threat (bacterial or viral invasion)

Found in the stratum spinosum.

Answer 10

Epidermal Dendritic Cells (Langerhans Cells)

Question 11

Associated with sensory nerve endings and function as touch receptors (Merkel discs)

Located in the stratum basale.

Answer 11

Merkel Cells

Question 11

TWO REGIONS OF DERMIS

Answer 11

Papillary Layer (Areolar)
Reticular Layer (Dense irregular connective tissue)

Question 12

Located below the epidermis, this layer consists of irregular connective tissue. It supports and nourishes the epidermis.

Answer 12

DERMIS

Question 13

Upper dermal region; Indent the epidermis above

Contains loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.

Forms dermal papillae, which create fingerprints

Answer 13

Papillary layer

Question 14

Houses papillary loops and receptors for pain and touch

Increases friction and enhances grip on surfaces

Answer 14

Papillary layer

Question 15

Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands
Deeper layer of the dermis.

Composed of dense connective tissue.

Houses deeper pressure receptors like Lamellar corpuscles.

Contains structures such as sweat and oil glands.

Answer 15

Reticular layer

Question 16

`Found in the dermis; help regulate body temperature through sweating. May appear as round structures in cross-sections of the skin.

Answer 16

Sweat Glands

Question 17

Provides strength and structure to the skin.

Answer 17

Collagen

Question 18

are sensitive to rapid changes in pressure or vibration. Detects deep pressure and vibrations (located in the reticular layer).

Answer 18

Pacinian Corpuscles:

Question 19

Supply nutrients to the skin and help regulate body temperature.

Answer 19

Blood Vessels

Question 19

Detect light touch and low-frequency vibrations (located in the papillary layer).

Answer 19

Meissner’s Corpuscles:

Question 19

Allows the skin to return to its original shape after stretching.

Answer 19

Elastin

Question 20

Engulf and destroy pathogens.

Answer 20

Phagocytes

Question 21

Response to sustained pressure and perceives shapes and edges (located in the stratum basale).

Answer 21

Merkel Discs:

Question 22

Respond to sustained pressure and stretching of the skin (located in the reticular layer).

Answer 22

Ruffini Corpuscles:

Question 22

Process

——— detect and respond to mechanical stimuli.

Answer 22

Mechanoreceptors

Question 23

Detect pain and temperature (distributed throughout the dermis).

Answer 23

Free Nerve Endings:

Question 24

SENSORY INPUT:

——- as the input to our sense of touch or tactile sensations.

Answer 24

Mechanical stimuli

Question 24

Also known as the subcutaneous tissue, it is located below the dermis.

Composed of adipose (fat) tissue.

Answer 24

HYPODERMIS

Question 25

Electrical signals are transmitted through sensory nerves to the brain.

Answer 25

Response