Quiz 2 P2 Flashcards
Monomer of DNA
Nucleotide
Component of nucleotide
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group
Four nitrogen bases
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
______ is single stranded
RNA
_____ is double stranded
DNA
DNA is organized into different numbers of _____________
Chromosomes
DNA molecules are extremely long so they _______
Fold
The DNA in a chromosome is wound around proteins called ___________
Histones
The DNA and histones wind together to form _____________
Nucleosomes
Nucleosomes pack together to form a thick fiber, which is further shortened by
Loops and coils
A
T
Or
U in RNA
G
C
A process of producing two similar replicas of DNA from an original DNA molecule
Replication
Each strand of DNA is a __________ for a new strand during replication
template
Enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce the DNA molecule
DNA polymerase
RNA is copied from DNA
Transcription
Enzyme that binds DNA and separates the two strands and builds a strands of RNA as a template
RNA polymerase
Sequence of DNA that signals RNA polymerase where to bind and start making RNA
Promoter
DNA stays in….. while RNA goes out
The nucleus
Transcription takes place in….
The nucleus
Translation takes place on ____________ in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Has the instructions to put together amino acids to make a protein, put together in ribosomes
Messenger RNA
_____________ RNA is found in ribosomes along with proteins
Ribosomal
Carries each amino acid to the ribosome according to the coded message in messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
The instructions for making proteins are found in the _______ of the four nitrogenous bases
Order
Code for proteins is read in ____ letters/nucleotides at a time
3
Group of nucleotides that specifies a certain amino acid that makes up a protein (sometimes amino acids are specified by more than one)
Codon
There are ____ different three-base codons
64
The code is read from….
The center
Codons represent different _________ _________
Amino acids
The transfer RNA carries an …………………
Anticodon
Process in which the genetic code in RNA is used to make proteins (takes place in ribosomes)
Translation
We have around ____________ genes, while ___________ are used to make proteins
40k
20k
RNA has
Uracil
One strand
Ribose
DNA has
Deoxyribose
2 strands
Thymine
Proteins make
Blood Hair and nails Muscles Cellular messengers Antibodies Enzymes Cellular construction Brain and nerves
Enzymes called ………………. separate the two strands
Helicase
The point at which the two chains separate
Replication fork
