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Biology I > P2 Q1 cells > Flashcards

P2 Q1 cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is credited with perfecting the first microscope in 1625?

A

Galileo Galilei

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2
Q

Robert Hooke in 1665 discovered _________ by _____________

A

Cells

Looking at cork

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3
Q

Robert Hooke thought cells looked like cells from _________ or _______________

A

A monastery

Honeycomb

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4
Q

Robert Hooke thought cells only existed in

A

Plants fungi

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5
Q

In 1673 he used a microscope to observe a pond and saw single celled organisms

A

Anton van Leuwenhoek

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6
Q

Leuwenhoek called his discoveries…

A

Animalcules

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7
Q

Because Leuwenhoek observed fish, birds, frogs, dogs and humans etc he knew cells were found in…

A

Animals as well as plants

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8
Q

Incorrect hypothesis that says that life forms were able to emerge from non living things, such as mice from dirty clothes or maggots from rotting meat

A

Spontaneous generation

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9
Q

In the 19th century, spontaneous generation was disproven by __________________ when he noticed that contamination of the media only occurred when in contact with the environment

A

Louis Pasteur

*also discovered vaccines and pasteurization

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10
Q

In 1838 __________________ concluded that all plants are made of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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11
Q

In 1839 ___________ stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells

A

Theodor Schwann

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12
Q

In 1858 ___________________ concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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13
Q

3 basic components of cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cells is the basic unit of life
  3. All cells are produced from preexisting cells (cell division)
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14
Q

This type of cell has no nucleus and make up bacteria and archaea (e.g E.coli)

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

This type of cell contains a nucleus, is much larger and makes up protists, fungi, animals and plants
(Single celled organisms include the amoeba)

A

Eukaryotes

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16
Q

States that organic molecules were synthesized from Inorganic compounds in the atmosphere

A

Abiogenesis

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17
Q

Organic molecules were synthesized at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor

A

Hydrotermal vents

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18
Q

Organic molecules were synthesized when comets or asteroids struck the Early Earth

A

Panspermia

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19
Q

Unanswered Questions of the origin of life

A
  1. How did the primordial soup acquire simple monomeric building blocks (for polymers)
  2. Conditions for assembling such polymers
  3. Self replication of polymers
  4. If RNA, DNA, proteins, etc came first or if they emerged simultaneously
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20
Q

In abiogenesis life arises from ____________

A

Non living matter (simple inorganic compounds)

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21
Q

Which experiment proves Abiogenesis

A

The Urey-Miller Experiment

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22
Q

Urey and Miller designed an apparatus that simulated _____________ and they put electrodes to simulate

A

Earth’s early atmosphere over Earth’s early ocean

Loghtning

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23
Q

Urey and Miller found ____________

A

Organic amino acids

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24
Q

Some scientists think life came from rocks from _________ caused by impacts

A

Mars

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25
Q

Meteorite that fell in Australia in 1969 and is one of the most studied because it belongs to a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds (like sugars)

A

Murchinson Meteorite

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26
Q

Some hypothesize about __________ __________ being found in Mars

A

Biological microfossils

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27
Q

Life may have begun at deep sea hydrothermal vents that spew

A

Hydrogen-rich molecules
Chemical energy (chemosynthesis)
Thermal energy

28
Q

Who developed the Endosymbiotic Theory in 1967?

A

Lynn Morgulis

29
Q

Mitochondrion and Chloroplasts developed from symbiotic bacteria; its main evidence is the similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria (RNA and division)

A

Endosymbiotic theory

30
Q

Animal and plant cells are eukaryotes because they have ___________ while bacteria are prokaryotes because they have not

A

Organelles

31
Q

Bacteria are _____ microns

Eukaryotes are ______ microns

A

1-10

10-100

32
Q

Cell job; O2 in and CO2 out

A

Breathe

33
Q

Cell job; take in and digest food

A

Eat

34
Q

Cells make energy in the form of….

A

ATP

35
Q

Cell job; is the control of internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

36
Q

Another cell job is to remove ________

A

Waste

37
Q

Cell job; proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and fats

A

Building molecules

38
Q

Cell job; cells also respond to their ________ environment

A

External

39
Q

Cell job; involves growth, repair, reproduction and development

A

Build more cells

40
Q

3 main cell jobs

A

Make energy
Make proteins (do all work in a cell)
Make more cells (for growth and replacing damaged ones)

41
Q

They do the work of cells, with each structure having a job to do to keep the cell alive

A

Organelles

42
Q 
Organelles involved in making energy by
Taking food and digesting it 
Taking oxygen
Making ATP
Removing waste
A

Cell membrane
Lysosome
Vacuoles and vesicles
Mitochondria

43
Q

It separates cell from the outside and controls what enters or leaves (O2, CO2, H2O, nutrients, waste); recognizes signals from other cells for communication

A

Cell membrane

44
Q

The cell membrane made of a double layer of fat called __________ and _________ ________ (proteins that receive signals)

A

The phospholipid bilayer

Receptor molecules

45
Q

Jelly-like material holding organelles in place

A

Cytoplasm

46
Q

It provides structure, support and protection for the cell; cellulose

A

Cell wall (plants, fungi, protists and algae)

47
Q

Move around material and store them; made of a membrane sac; digestion and waste

A

Vacuole (central vacuole in plants)

Vesicles

48
Q

They digest food, clean up and recycle broken organelles (mitochondria)

A

Lysosomes

49
Q

Has a membrane sac with digestive enzymes

A

Lysosome

50
Q

They make ATP energy from cellular respiration (w/ sugar and O2); double membrane; found in plants and animals

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

Organelles found in plants that makes ATP -active energy- and sugar -stored energy for leaves, fruits and roots- from sunlight (photosynthesis)

A

Chloroplasts

52
Q

Organelles involved in making proteins by

Reading genes and building them

A

Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatuses

53
Q

______ do all the work

A

Proteins

54
Q

Muscle fiber, hair, skin and claws are…

A

Structural proteins

55
Q

They speed up chemical reactions (break down and help bond)

A

Enzymes

56
Q

Hormones are a category of proteins called

A

Signals and receptors

57
Q

Protects center of cell; protects DNA (to build proteins)

A

Nucleus

58
Q

The nucleus includes:

A

Nuclear membrane, nucleolus (make ribosomes) and chromosomes (DNA)

59
Q

Protein factories (read instructions to build proteins with translation); free or attached to ER

A

Ribosomes

60
Q

Works on proteins (helps complete them and makes membrane)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

61
Q

The _______ ER has ribosomes attached while the _______ ER makes membranes

A

Rough

Smooth

62
Q

Finishes, sorts, labels and ships proteins (in vesicles); gives them a tridimensional structure; membrane sac

A

Golgi apparatus

63
Q

To make more cells, organelles involved
Copy DNA
Make extra organelles
Divide them for daughter cells

A

Nucleus

Centrioles

64
Q

Help coordinate cell division (in ANIMAL cells); a pair per cell

A

Centrioles

65
Q

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell keep its shape and aids movement

A

Cytoskeleton

66
Q

The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled located in the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

Biology I (6 decks)

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