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Biology I > P3 Q1 > Flashcards

P3 Q1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The green pigment in the chloroplasts; gives leaves their color

A

Chlorophyll

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2
Q

It’s the process used by plants, algae, some protists and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

_____________ is stored as food in other parts of the plant and turns iodine dark blue

A

Starch

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4
Q

Starch is converted from _________

A

Sugar

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5
Q

In photosynthesis, _________ is given off into the air

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

In photosynthesis, _____ enters through the stomata of the leaves

A

CO2

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7
Q

_________ is absorbed from the root

A

Water

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8
Q

_____________ traps light energy to make sugar

A

Chlorophyll

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9
Q

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

A

The sun

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10
Q

Photosynthesis requires ____________ ___________ ______________ and produces ____________ ____________

A

CO2 water and sunlight

Sugar and Oxygen

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11
Q

___________ ability to do work

A

Energy

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12
Q

Ultimately, _________ gives plants the energy they need

A

Sugar

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13
Q

Green plants use sunlight with air and water to make _________. They are _________ for they make their own food

A

Sugar

Producer

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14
Q

Photo means ________ and _________ is putting together

A

Light

Synthesis

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15
Q

6CO2 + 6H2O ————> C6H12O6 + 6O2

(Sunlight)

A

Photosynthesis

- you need a lot of water and co2 to make a single sugar

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16
Q

__________ main product of photosynthesis

A

Glucose

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17
Q

____________ are groups of molecules where sunlight is absorbed

A

Photosystems

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18
Q

__________ is the organelle of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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19
Q

Sac light membrane where chlorophyll is found

A

Thylakoid memebrane

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20
Q

The stages of photosynthesis are
_
_

A

Light dependent reactions

Light independent reactions

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21
Q

Stage of photosynthesis in which the energy from sunlight is stored in ATP and NADPH

A

Light reactions

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22
Q

Is an energy carrying molecule (not ATP)

A

NADPH

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23
Q

Stage of photosynthesis in which glucose is made (uses CO2)

A

Calvin cycle

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24
Q

Other producers who don’t use photosynthesis use ….

A

Chemosynthesis

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25
Q

Light hit the ____________, where chlorophyll is found. The H2O is split. ___ is released into the air. Hydrogen then is used to make energy

A

Thylakoids

O2

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26
Q

Skeleton if the chloroplast, maintains the distance between thylakoids

A

lamellae

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27
Q

Space outside the thylakoid membranes. Location of the Calvin Cycle in which organic compounds are formed (such as glucose)

A

Stroma

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28
Q

Stack of thylakoid

A

Granum

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29
Q

Saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems, clusters of pigments and proteins that absorb light energy

A

Thylakoids

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30
Q

Splitting of sugar and occurs in the ________ of the cell

A

Glycolysis

Cytosol

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31
Q

Cell respiration takes place in the (glycolysis) ________ and __________ (Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain)

A

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

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32
Q

As a result of glycolysis ________ _______ is made as well as ATP

A

Pyruvic acid

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33
Q

Series of electron-transport molecules, which pass electrons from molecule to molecule

A

Electron transport chain

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34
Q

Electrons are carried in _______ and _______

A

NADH

FADH2

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35
Q

When _________ is present, pyruvate produced in glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is converted into ______ _______, a two Carbon compound (as well as CO2 and NADH)

A

Oxygen

Acetyl CoA

36
Q

Inside if the mitochondria

A

Matrix

37
Q

Photosynthesis and cell respiration have equal and opposite inputs and outputs

A

CO2 and water (input P, output CR)

Glucose and oxygen (input CR, output P)

38
Q

The energy source of cell respiration are _______ ______

A

Chemical bonds

39
Q

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ————> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

A

Cellular respiration

40
Q

Glycolysis produces __ ATP, pyruvic conversion ____, Kreb Cycle ___ and ETC ___. Total of ____ ATP

A 
2
0
2
34
38
41
Q

C6H12O6 + 2ATP ————> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 4ATP + heat

A

Alcoholic fermentation

42
Q

Stage 1 is when

Glucose is converted to _____________, producing some ATP and _____ NADH

A

Pyruvate

NADH

43
Q

Stage 2

(When ________ is present). _________ and ______ are used to make a large amount of ATP

A

Oxygen

Pyruvate and NADH

44
Q

Stage 2

(When oxygen is not present) pyruvate is converted to _________ ____ or _________ and CO2

A

Lactic Acid

Alcohol

45
Q

Energy formation in the absence of oxygen is

A

Fermentation

46
Q

In the absence if oxygen, only _________ takes place in the cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

47
Q

Type of fermentation where ________ ______ formed with no CO2. Bacteria and human body, used for yoghurt and cheese, as well in muscle pain in physical activity

A

Lactic Acid

48
Q

Alcoholic fermentation is when ___________ _________ and _______ are formed; bacteria and yeasts. Used in bread, alcohol, wine and beer

A

Ethyl Alcohol

49
Q

Fermentation occurs in ________ respiration

A

Anaerobic

50
Q

Alcohol and lactic acid are the two types of ______________

A

Fermentation

51
Q

Modes of nutrition

A

Heterotrophic and autotrophic

52
Q

Organisms produce their own food from organic molecules

A

Autotrophy

53
Q

Organisms derive energy from other living organisms

A

Heterotrophy

54
Q

Green plants, phytoplankton and algae use

A

Photoautotrophy

55
Q

Deep-sea bacteria use

A

Chemoautrophy

56
Q

Ingest organic matter which is living or recently killed

A

Consumers

57
Q

Herbivores eat producers

A

Primary

58
Q

Eat other consumers (carnivores and omnivores)

A

Secondary

59
Q

Derive energy from non-living organic matter

A

Decomposers

60
Q

Ingests non-living organic matter (earthworms, woodlice); internal digestion and absorb products; discard organic matter in large quantities. Ex: they eat dead leaves, feathers, hairs and feces

A

Detritivores

61
Q

Lives in or on non living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing digestive products; bacteria and fungi; external digestion;break down carbon compounds in dead organic matter and release N used by other organisms

A

Saprotrophs

62
Q

Means self-feeding; make carbon compounds from CO2 and other simple substances

A

Autotrophic

63
Q

Some unicellular organisms use both methods of nutrition

A

Mixotrophic

64
Q

Arabidospsis thaliana is an ____________
Humming birds are ____________
Euglena ___________

A

Autotroph
Heterotroph
Mixotroph

65
Q

_________ are divided into groups by ecologists according to the source of organic molecules that they use and tye method of taking them in

A

Consumers

66
Q

Herbivores eat __________, carnivores eat ___________ and omnivores eat both

A

Producers

Consumers

67
Q

Snail, millipede and crabs are

A

Detritivores

68
Q

A cow is an _________ consumer, pandas are ________ and wolves ______……__

A

Herbivore
Omnivore
Carnivore

69
Q

Bacteria, mushrooms and mold are

A

Saprotrophs

70
Q

Opportunistic animal that feeds on dead or decaying matter rather than hunting; similar to detritivores, but they feed on a larger scale (carrion)

A

Scavenger

71
Q

Hyenas, vultures and crows are

A

Scavenger

72
Q

Two organisms live closely together

A

Symbiotic relationship

73
Q

Symbiosis where both benefit, like sea anemone and fish

A

Mutualism

74
Q

One is unaffected and the other benefits; whale and barnacle

A

Commensalism

75
Q

One benefits and the other one is harmed, like dogs and ticks

A

Parasitsm

76
Q

Ants and Aphids are _________, for the first provide protection from predators and the second provide nutrition from honeydew

A

Mutualists

77
Q

Sequence if organisms where each feeds in the previous one; between 2-5 organisms; chemical energy flows through by feeding

A

Food Chain

78
Q

________ are the first organisms ina food chain, the _______ consumers, then ________ which feed on the previous one, tertiary and so on

A

Producers
Primary
Secondary

79
Q

The arrows indicate the __________ of the energy flow

A

Direction

80
Q

____ of chemical energy passes to the next trophic level

A

10%

81
Q

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains

A

Food web

82
Q

Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem

A

Trophic level

83
Q

Total mass of organisms a given area or volume

A

Biomass

84
Q

Herbivores and carnivores are

A

Holozaic

85
Q

In a food web, arrows would all point to ____________

A

Decomposers

86
Q

Carnivores are mixotrophs, and eat insects for ___________

A

Nitrogen

Biology I (6 decks)

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