Quiz 2 Ortho

Question 1

What are the functions of the spine?

Answer 1

• provide support and structure to head and extremities
• stabilize the body for function and movement
• protect spinal cord

Question 2

Vertebral bodies

Answer 2

excluding atlas and axis, attach to each other via symphyses

Question 3

Processes

Answer 3

provide sites for attachments of ligaments na muscles

• transverse: lateral
• spinous: posterior

Question 4

Foramen

Answer 4

opening formed by notches

Question 5

What is the function of the Intervertebral Disc?

Answer 5

• shock absorbers

- prevent rubbing

Question 6

What happens to your spine when your in a posterior tilt?

Answer 6

flattened or reversed lumbar curve

Question 7

Lordosis

Answer 7

exaggerated anterior pelvic tilt affects lumbar curve

Question 8

Kyphosis

Answer 8

exaggeration of thoracic curve (hunched back)

Question 9

Scoliosis

Answer 9

curvature of the spine in coronal/frontal plane

Question 10

Degenerative disc disease

Answer 10

• aging and damaged discs (water content decreased); cannot cushion well
• occurs most in cervical and lumbar regions

Question 11

What are the causes of Degenerative disc Disease?

Answer 11

• injury/trauma
• natural loss of blood supply
• cig smoking
• occupational (heavy lifting)
• genetics

Question 12

What is spinal stenosis? What is it caused by?

Answer 12

• narrowing of spinal canal

- caused by: bulging or herniated discs; overgrowth of bone

Question 13

What are the results/symptoms of spinal stenosis?

Answer 13

• may irritate or compress spinal cord or nerve roots (usually cervical or lumbar)
• can cause pain, numbness, weakness in legs, buttocks, arms and neck (dep. on location)

Question 14

What is the difference between a disc herniation and bulge?

Answer 14

• herniation: “not contained” tear or rupture

- bulge: “contained” protrusion into the spinal canal

Question 15

spine spondylolisthesis

Answer 15

anterior sliding of one vertebra over another (most common in the lumbar region)

Question 16

what are the symptoms of spine spondylolisthesis

Answer 16

back or butt pain; radiating pain, numbness/weakness, difficulty walking, increased pain when bending or twisting, loss of bowel or bladder control

Question 17

What is the difference between stable and unstable vertebral fractures?

Answer 17

• stable: don’t cause spinal deformity or neurologic problems; still able to function
• unstable: can progress further, may cause deformity, cannot carry/distribute weight

Question 18

laminectomy

Answer 18

lamina is removed

Question 19

diskectomy

Answer 19

removal of herniated disc pressing on nerve root; put in a spacer

Question 20

spinal fusion

Answer 20

eliminates unwanted movement caused by instability of the vertebrae

Question 21

What are the classifications of pelvis fractures?

Answer 21

• Stable: one breakpoint in pelvic ring; min hemorrhage, pelvis in place
• Unstable: 2+ breakpoints, mod hemorrhage, pelvis unstable
• Open: open skin wound
• Closed: no open skin would

Question 22

Non-weight Bearing (NWB)

Answer 22

no weight on affected leg

Question 23

Toe-touch Weight Bearing (TTWB)

Answer 23

touch the floor only for balance on your affected leg

Question 24

Partial Weight Bearing (PWB)

Answer 24

when you walk or stand you may place 30 - 50% of your body weight on your affected leg

Question 25

Weight bearing as tolerated (WBAT)

Answer 25

when walking or standing place as much weight as feels comfortable on affected leg

Question 26

full weight bearing (FWB)

Answer 26

you may place your full body weight on your affected leg when you stand or walk

Question 27

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 27

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

Question 28

Gout + Caused by?

Answer 28

• inflammatory type of arthritis; affects synovial capsule of joints
• usually idiopathic
• certain risk factors