Quiz 2 Fungal, Parasitic and Zoonotic Pathogens Flashcards by Spencer Barlow

Which encapsulated yeast is found in soil and causes infection presentation with pneumonia and meningitis? What are two potential treatments?

Cryptococcus (neoformans/gattii)

Fluconazole or amphotericin B

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What is notable about transmission and symptoms for Plasmodium spp. (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae)?

T: Mosquitos; blood cycle- RBC destruction
D: fever & chills, cerebral malaria

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Which parasitic infection is pictured here? (Emphasis on ring forms and banana-shaped gametocytes)

Plasmodium spp.

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What is notable about transmission and symptoms for Toxoplasma gondii?

T: Cat feces
D: Congeital (fetus can be given disease)
AIDS/IC pts at risk for encephalopathy

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What are general symptoms of parasitic infections (not always, but commonly seen?)

Lymphadenopathy
Headache
Fever
Abdominal pain
N/V/D
Rash
Fatigue

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Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

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What transmission and symptoms of Naegleria fowleri are significant?

T: Warm freshwater
D: Fatal meningoencephalitis

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Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

Naegleria fowleri

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Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

Leishmania donovani

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What transmission and symptoms of Leishmania donovani are significant?

T: Sand fly, usually in sub-tropical area (i.e. Brazil)
D: Cutaneous, mucocutaenous, and visceral sx

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What transmission and symptoms of Trypanosoma cruzi are significant?

T: Transmitted through kissing bugs (triatomine beetles)
D: Cardiac (CHD) and/or GI issues; illness can devlop over years
AKA Chagas disease

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What transmission and symptoms of Trypanosoma brucei are significant?

T: Tsetse fly
D: Hard, painful skin ulcer w/ enlarged lymph nodes -> can progress to coma
D: Intermittent parasitemia marked by antigenic variation
AKA African sleeping sickness

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What parasite is pictured here?

Entamoeba histolytica

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What transmission and symptoms of Cystoisospora are significant?

T: Fecal contaminated food/water
D: Sudden onset watery diarrhea

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What transmission and symptoms of Cyclospora are significant?

T: Fecal contaminated food/water
D: Diarrhea

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Which parasite is pictured here?

Cyclospora

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Which parasite is pictured here?

Giardia lamblia

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What transmission and symptoms of Ascaris are significant? What kind of a worm is it classified as?

T: Contaminated food/water (most common)
D: Intestinal or biliary obstruction
*Loeffler’s syndrome (eosinophilic pneumonia mimicking CAP)

Nematodes (roundworms)

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What transmission and symptoms of Trichuris (whipworm)? What kind of a worm is it classified as?

T: Contaminated food/water; lives in colon
D: Results in impaired growth/cognition in children

Nematodes (roundworm)

What transmission and symptoms is significant for Ancylostoma? What type of worm is it? What is the subtype it shares with Necator?

T: Asia, Africa
D: Diarrhea, anemia, cutaneous larva migrans

Nematode (roundworm); hookworm

What transmisison and symptoms is significant for Necator?

T: Americas
D: Diarrhea, anemia, cutaneous larva migrans

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Strongyloides? What type of worm is it?

T: Contaminated soil to skin
D: GI symptoms (notable for duodenitis)

Nematodes (roundworm)

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)? What type of worm is it?

T: Person to person
D: Perianal itching, diagnosed with “tape test”

Nematodes (roundworm)

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Taenia saginata/solium? What type of worm is it?

T (Saginata): undercooked beef
T (Solium): undercooked pork
D: Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

Cestodes (Tapeworms)

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Diphyllobothrium? What type of worm is it?

T: Raw freshwater fish D: Megaloblastic anemia Cestodes (Tapeworms)

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Schistosoma? What type of worm is it?

T: Freshwater snails; mostly sub-saharan Africa D: Periportal and bladder fibrosis Trematodes (flukes)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Smallpox?

T: Respiratory aerosol or direct contact w/ skin lesions or fomites CM: Onset of fever & malaise 7-14 days post infections; can progress to rash (centrifugal distribution) which can progress to pustules and crusts in 2-3 weeks

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)?

T: Domestic livestock (aerosol) CM: Affects lungs; begins w/ fever, headache, cough * influenza-like symptoms

What is unique about the rickettsial disease caused by Coxiella burnetii?

It is the only rickettsial disease NOT transmitted by athropod bite

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Hantavirus?

T: Deer mice (dried urine & feces inhalation) CM: Influenza-like symptoms can progress to respiratory failure (Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Chlamydia psittaci?

T: Birds; aerosol of bird feces CM: Asymptomatic or fever & pneumonia; serious cases can affect liver, heart and nervous system (hearing loss)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Brucella sp. (brucellosis)?

T: Reservoir in domestic livestock; transmitted via unpasteurized milk or cheese CM: Brucellosis (undulant fever)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Francisella tularensis (tularemia)?

T: Reservoir is many species of wild animals, transmission by ticks, aerosols, contact, and ingestion CM: Onset of influenza-like symptoms (ILS) 75% w/ ulceroglandular syndrome (site of entry ulcerates, with regional lymphadenopathy)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Pasteurella multocida?

T: Wounds associated with dog and cat bites CM: Rapidly spreading cellulitis at side of animal bite (usually within 24 hours)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)?

T: Cat scratches, bites as well as flea bites (not cat urine or feces) CM: Causes CSD in IC pts (fever, tender enlarged lymph nodes)

Will Bartonella henselae grow on normal blood agar?

No, it is fastidious

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Mycobacterium marinum?

Known as "fish tank granuloma" Skin lesion at site of abrasion acquired in swimming pool or aquarium

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Eikenella corrodens?

Causes skin & bone infections associated with human bites and "clenched fist" injuries; can cause sepsis and ST infecitons in IC pts and IV drug users

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Ebola virus?

T: fruit bats (transmissions unknown) CM: 5-7 day onset; fever, headache, ST, myalgia, athralgia, N/V/D -> skin/GI bleeding -> shock and DIC leading to multiorgan failure

What is the mortality rate of Ebola virus?

Up to 90%

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Marburg virus?

T: Exposure to african green monkeys CM: 5-7 day onset; fever, headache, ST, myalgia, athralgia, N/V/D -> skin/GI bleeding -> shock and DIC leading to multiorgan failure

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Lassa virus?

T: Small rodent called Mastymis; contaminated food or water w/ animal urine CM: Severe, hemorrhagic fever w/ multiorgan involvement

What is the transmission and clinical presenation for Babesia microti?

T: Ixodes ticks D: asymptomatic/mild; severe anemia in IC pts *often coinfection w/ borrelia burgdorferi

What is the transmission and clinical presentation for Fasciolopsis/Fasciola? What type of worm is it?

T: freshwater vegetation, especially watercress D: bile duct blockage Trematodes (flukes)

What is notable about the transmission and clinical symptoms of an infection with Eikenella corrodens? How does it gram stain?

It is a gram-negative rod T: human bite & "closed fist" injuries D: ST infections (especially in the head and neck)