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H&D > Quiz 2 Fungal, Parasitic and Zoonotic Pathogens > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Fungal, Parasitic and Zoonotic Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Which encapsulated yeast is found in soil and causes infection presentation with pneumonia and meningitis? What are two potential treatments?

A

Cryptococcus (neoformans/gattii)

Fluconazole or amphotericin B

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2
Q

What is notable about transmission and symptoms for Plasmodium spp. (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae)?

A

T: Mosquitos; blood cycle- RBC destruction
D: fever & chills, cerebral malaria

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3
Q

Which parasitic infection is pictured here? (Emphasis on ring forms and banana-shaped gametocytes)

A

Plasmodium spp.

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4
Q

What is notable about transmission and symptoms for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

T: Cat feces
D: Congeital (fetus can be given disease)
AIDS/IC pts at risk for encephalopathy

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5
Q

What are general symptoms of parasitic infections (not always, but commonly seen?)

A

Lymphadenopathy
Headache
Fever
Abdominal pain
N/V/D
Rash
Fatigue

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6
Q

Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

A

Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

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7
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Naegleria fowleri are significant?

A

T: Warm freshwater
D: Fatal meningoencephalitis

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8
Q

Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

A

Naegleria fowleri

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9
Q

Which parasitic infection is pictured here?

A

Leishmania donovani

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10
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Leishmania donovani are significant?

A

T: Sand fly, usually in sub-tropical area (i.e. Brazil)
D: Cutaneous, mucocutaenous, and visceral sx

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11
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Trypanosoma cruzi are significant?

A

T: Transmitted through kissing bugs (triatomine beetles)
D: Cardiac (CHD) and/or GI issues; illness can devlop over years
AKA Chagas disease

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12
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Trypanosoma brucei are significant?

A

T: Tsetse fly
D: Hard, painful skin ulcer w/ enlarged lymph nodes -> can progress to coma
D: Intermittent parasitemia marked by antigenic variation
AKA African sleeping sickness

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13
Q

What parasite is pictured here?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Cystoisospora are significant?

A

T: Fecal contaminated food/water
D: Sudden onset watery diarrhea

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15
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Cyclospora are significant?

A

T: Fecal contaminated food/water
D: Diarrhea

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16
Q

Which parasite is pictured here?

A

Cyclospora

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17
Q

Which parasite is pictured here?

A

Giardia lamblia

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18
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Ascaris are significant? What kind of a worm is it classified as?

A

T: Contaminated food/water (most common)
D: Intestinal or biliary obstruction
*Loeffler’s syndrome (eosinophilic pneumonia mimicking CAP)

Nematodes (roundworms)

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19
Q

What transmission and symptoms of Trichuris (whipworm)? What kind of a worm is it classified as?

A

T: Contaminated food/water; lives in colon
D: Results in impaired growth/cognition in children

Nematodes (roundworm)

20
Q

What transmission and symptoms is significant for Ancylostoma? What type of worm is it? What is the subtype it shares with Necator?

A

T: Asia, Africa
D: Diarrhea, anemia, cutaneous larva migrans

Nematode (roundworm); hookworm

21
Q

What transmisison and symptoms is significant for Necator?

A

T: Americas
D: Diarrhea, anemia, cutaneous larva migrans

22
Q

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Strongyloides? What type of worm is it?

A

T: Contaminated soil to skin
D: GI symptoms (notable for duodenitis)

Nematodes (roundworm)

23
Q

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)? What type of worm is it?

A

T: Person to person
D: Perianal itching, diagnosed with “tape test”

Nematodes (roundworm)

24
Q

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Taenia saginata/solium? What type of worm is it?

A

T (Saginata): undercooked beef
T (Solium): undercooked pork
D: Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

Cestodes (Tapeworms)

25
Q

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Diphyllobothrium? What type of worm is it?

A

T: Raw freshwater fish
D: Megaloblastic anemia

Cestodes (Tapeworms)

26
Q

What transmission and symptoms are significant for Schistosoma?

What type of worm is it?

A

T: Freshwater snails; mostly sub-saharan Africa
D: Periportal and bladder fibrosis

Trematodes (flukes)

27
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Smallpox?

A

T: Respiratory aerosol or direct contact w/ skin lesions or fomites

CM: Onset of fever & malaise 7-14 days post infections; can progress to rash (centrifugal distribution) which can progress to pustules and crusts in 2-3 weeks

28
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)?

A

T: Domestic livestock (aerosol)

CM: Affects lungs; begins w/ fever, headache, cough * influenza-like symptoms

29
Q

What is unique about the rickettsial disease caused by Coxiella burnetii?

A

It is the only rickettsial disease NOT transmitted by athropod bite

30
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Hantavirus?

A

T: Deer mice (dried urine & feces inhalation)

CM: Influenza-like symptoms can progress to respiratory failure (Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome)

31
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Chlamydia psittaci?

A

T: Birds; aerosol of bird feces
CM: Asymptomatic or fever & pneumonia; serious cases can affect liver, heart and nervous system (hearing loss)

32
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Brucella sp. (brucellosis)?

A

T: Reservoir in domestic livestock; transmitted via unpasteurized milk or cheese

CM: Brucellosis (undulant fever)

33
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Francisella tularensis (tularemia)?

A

T: Reservoir is many species of wild animals, transmission by ticks, aerosols, contact, and ingestion

CM: Onset of influenza-like symptoms (ILS) 75% w/ ulceroglandular syndrome (site of entry ulcerates, with regional lymphadenopathy)

34
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Pasteurella multocida?

A

T: Wounds associated with dog and cat bites

CM: Rapidly spreading cellulitis at side of animal bite (usually within 24 hours)

35
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)?

A

T: Cat scratches, bites as well as flea bites (not cat urine or feces)

CM: Causes CSD in IC pts (fever, tender enlarged lymph nodes)

36
Q

Will Bartonella henselae grow on normal blood agar?

A

No, it is fastidious

37
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Mycobacterium marinum?

A

Known as “fish tank granuloma”

Skin lesion at site of abrasion acquired in swimming pool or aquarium

38
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Eikenella corrodens?

A

Causes skin & bone infections associated with human bites and “clenched fist” injuries; can cause sepsis and ST infecitons in IC pts and IV drug users

39
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Ebola virus?

A

T: fruit bats (transmissions unknown)

CM: 5-7 day onset; fever, headache, ST, myalgia, athralgia, N/V/D -> skin/GI bleeding -> shock and DIC leading to multiorgan failure

40
Q

What is the mortality rate of Ebola virus?

A

Up to 90%

41
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Marburg virus?

A

T: Exposure to african green monkeys

CM: 5-7 day onset; fever, headache, ST, myalgia, athralgia, N/V/D -> skin/GI bleeding -> shock and DIC leading to multiorgan failure

42
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical presentation for Lassa virus?

A

T: Small rodent called Mastymis; contaminated food or water w/ animal urine

CM: Severe, hemorrhagic fever w/ multiorgan involvement

43
Q

What is the transmission and clinical presenation for Babesia microti?

A

T: Ixodes ticks
D: asymptomatic/mild; severe anemia in IC pts
*often coinfection w/ borrelia burgdorferi

44
Q

What is the transmission and clinical presentation for Fasciolopsis/Fasciola? What type of worm is it?

A

T: freshwater vegetation, especially watercress
D: bile duct blockage

Trematodes (flukes)

45
Q

What is notable about the transmission and clinical symptoms of an infection with Eikenella corrodens? How does it gram stain?

A

It is a gram-negative rod

T: human bite & “closed fist” injuries
D: ST infections (especially in the head and neck)

H&D (10 decks)

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