Practice Quizzes Missed Questions

Question 1

Mycoplasma can be visualized using what preferred technique?

Answer 1

Darkfield microscopy using oblique scattered light

Question 2

Does Aztreonam cover MSSA? Why not?

Answer 2

No

It only covers aerobic gram-negative organisms

Question 3

Is mycobacteria an obligate anaerobe or obligate aerobe?

Answer 3

Obligate aerobe

Question 4

Is serology a direct or indirect test for infection?

Answer 4

Indirect

Question 5

What is describes the use of antibiotics to prevent an anticipated infection based on preliminary data?

Answer 5

Preemptive

Question 6

What is the most likely diagnostic method for toxoplasmosis?

Answer 6

Serology

Question 7

What is the MoA of capsofungin?

Answer 7

Inhibition of glucan synthase

Question 8

Which antifungal is notable for causing prolongation of the QTc interval?

Answer 8

Voriconazole

Question 9

What is the causative organism of neurocysticercosis?

Answer 9

Taenia solium

Question 10

What is a reservoir host?

Answer 10

A host that harbors an immature stage of parasite, but allows no further development; it can also be used for further transmission

Question 11

Eosinophilic meningitis is highly predictive of which pathogens?

Answer 11

Angiostrongylus and Coccidioides

Question 12

What is especially characteristic of the acute phase of Chagas disease?

Answer 12

A romana sign (a chagoma found over the eyelid)

Question 13

What is the MoA of terbinafine?

Answer 13

Blocking ergosterol synthesis

Question 14

What is the MoA of 5-flucytosine?

Answer 14

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Question 15

What two species of Plasmodium form hyponozoites in the liver that can reactivate months later?

Answer 15

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale

Question 16

Does Voriconazole or Nystatin bind directly to ergosterol?

Answer 16

Nystatin

Question 17

Does penicillin rely on liver metabolism?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What does the acronym HOT T-BONE stEAk stand for?

Answer 18

IL-1 -> HOT (pyogenic)
IL-2 -> stimulates T-cell clonal expansion
IL-3 -> stimulates bone marrow
IL-4 -> stimulates IgE production
IL-5 -> stimulate IgA production

Question 19

Can toxoplasmosis be diagnosed with a Giemsa stain?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Define karyolysis:

Answer 20

Irreversible shrinking of the cell nucleus

Question 21

Define karyorrhexis:

Answer 21

Irreversible fragmentation of the cell nucleus

Question 22

Would cytoplasmic vacuoles be a sign of reversible or irreversible cell injury?

Answer 22

Reversible cell injury

Question 23

What is one of the most common causes of hyperglycemia in patients on TPN?

Answer 23

sepsis

Question 24

What is characterized by “Red man” syndrome? What antibiotic is it commonly associated with?

Answer 24

An infusion reaction commonly caused by vancomycin that results in flushing and/or erythematous rash affecting the face, neck and upper torso

Question 25

What drug class does capsofungin belong do?

Answer 25

Echinocandins

Question 26

What type of viruses must encode their own RNA-dependent DNA polymerases?

Answer 26

RNA viruses

Question 27

What directly causes an increased ESR?

Answer 27

Elevated fibrinogen release from the liver

Question 28

What is the most common mechanism by which bacteria can transfer drug resistance genes?

Answer 28

conjugation

Question 29

Penicillins bind PbPs to inhibit what enzyme?

Answer 29

transpeptidase

Question 30

What effect do detergents have on enveloped viruses?

Answer 30

They can strip viruses of the membrane (and membrane glycoproteins) and eliminate infectivity

Question 31

Distributive shock occurs as a result of what? What is an example of distibutive shock?

Answer 31

Inadequate vascular tone Septic shock

Question 32

Besides SIRS critera (tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, and elevated WBC count) what are 4 additional clinical predictors of septic shock?

Answer 32

Altered mentation Decreased urine production Hypotension Increased serum lactate

Question 33

Can P. aeruginosa produce biofilms?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Is TMP-SMX CI in pregnancy? If so, in what trimester?

Answer 34

Yes In the first trimester

Question 35

Can Nafcillin penetrate the BBB?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What is suggested by the presence of HBsAG in serum?

Answer 36

ONGOING hepatitis B viral replication

Question 37

An infection in an IV line (i.e. TPN) that is visualized as a budding yeast w/ pseudohyphae is most likely to be what?

Answer 37

Candida spp.

Question 38

HBc-ab (hepatitis core ab) in serum indicate what?

Answer 38

Either ongoing OR past infection; further testing required

Question 39

Pseudomembrane colitis caused by C-diff heat resistant spores would have what visual cues on a colonoscopy?

Answer 39

Many yellow pustules and membraneous formations in the colon

Question 40

In what viral family is Hepatitis B?

Answer 40

Hepadnaviridae

Question 41

In what viral family is Hepatitis A?

Answer 41

Picornaviridae

Question 42

In what viral family is Hepatitis C?

Answer 42

Flaviviridae

Question 43

What what viral family is Hepatitis E?

Answer 43

Hepeviridae

Question 44

What is usually the go-to drug to limit T-cell activation in transplant patients?

Answer 44

Calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporin or Tacrolimus)

Question 45

What is the major mucosal defense against non-invasive GI pathogens?

Answer 45

IgA

Question 46

What intestinal cell (found in Peyer's patches) is used to transport antigens to activate B cells?

Answer 46

M cells

Question 47

What virus type uses its antigenic diversity to allow reinfection of individuals?

Answer 47

Norovirus (diarrheal sx) Rhinovirus (upper RT sx)

Question 48

What is the most common presentation of CVID in the US?

Answer 48

Isolated IgA deficiency

Question 49

A smooth, pink tapeworm that is tapered on both ends best describes what?

Answer 49

Ascaris

Question 50

What toxicities are associated with aminoglycosides?

Answer 50

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Question 51

What bacteria is most likely in the event of a gram-positive, catalase +, non-spore forming bacteria causing meningitis?

Answer 51

Listeria monocytogenes (pt history also important)

Question 52

What type of vaccine is most likely to cause disease in IC pt?

Answer 52

Live-attenuated

Question 53

Where does HHV-8 sequester itself during latency?

Answer 53

Vascular endothelial cells

Question 54

What cancer is associated with HHV-8?

Answer 54

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 55

Abdominal pain, bloody vaginal discharge, and motion tenderness are most likely associated with what disease condition?

Answer 55

Pevlic inflammatory disorder (PID)

Question 56

What type of imaging is best used for visualizing osteomyelitis?

Answer 56

MRI

Question 57

What are two factors that can differentiate septic arthiritis from reactive or chronic arthritis?

Answer 57

Lack of trauma Abrupt onset

Question 58

What would CSF aspirate look like in a case of septic arthritis?

Answer 58

WBC > 50,000 Elevated neutrophils -> cloudy fluid presentation

Question 59

What type of immune cells can produce defensins?

Answer 59

Innate immune cells (i.e. neutrophils)

Question 60

What is a common bacterial infection common with injuries associated with human bites or closed fists? What is its shape and gram stain?

Answer 60

Eikenella corrodens Gram-negative rod

Question 61

Fusobacterium necrophorum is what type of bacteria (shape, stain)? What types of infections does it participate in?

Answer 61

Gram-negative rod Upper RT infections

Question 62

What are two differences between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 62

VC: - typically both eyes -watery discharge BC: -usually one eye - purulent drainage