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H&D > Emergency flashcards beta-lactam antibiotics > Flashcards

Emergency flashcards beta-lactam antibiotics

1
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Penicillins? (Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Amoxicillin, and Ampicillin)

A

MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)

SE: Interstitial nephritis & hepatitis (especially anti-staph and amino)

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2
Q

Which Carbapenem has no activity against Pseudomonas spp.?

A

Ertapenem

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3
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Carbapenems? (Imipenem/Cilastatin, Meropenem, Ertapenem)

A

MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)

SE:

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4
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Cephalosporins? (Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone, Cefoxatime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Ceftaroline)

A

MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)

SE: CNS toxicity (Cefepime, 4th gen)

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5
Q

Which 3rd generation Cephalosporin is the only to have activity against Pseudomonas spp.?

A

Ceftazidime

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6
Q

Which 5th generation Cephalosporin has activity against MRSA?

A

Ceftaroline

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7
Q

Which 2nd generation cephalosporin has improved activity against H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and Neisseria spp.?

A

Cefaclor

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8
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Monobactams?

A

MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)

SE:

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9
Q

Which Fluoroquinolone has no coverage for S. pneumoniae?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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10
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Fluoroquinolones? (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)

A

MoA: DNA gyrase/topisomerase inhibition (bactericidal)

SE: QT prolongation, tendon rupure, cartilage damage, delirum, high risk of C-diff infection

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11
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Macrolides? (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)

A

MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

SE:

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12
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Clindamycin?

A

MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

SE: association w/ C. diff emergence

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13
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Chloramphenicol?

A

MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

SE: BM suppression, aplastic anemia, Gray baby syndrome

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14
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Tetracyclines? (Doxycycline, Tigecycline)

A

MoA: 30S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

SE: Photosensitivity, inhibition of bone growth in children, steatosis, hepatotoxicity

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15
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Aminoglycosides? (Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin)

A

MoA: 30S ribosomal inhibitor

SE: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

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16
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Sulfonamides? (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

A

MoA: Folic acid synthesis inhibitor

SE: Rash, hyperkalemia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

17
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Linezolid?

A

MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

SE: Bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, mitochondrial toxicity -> peripheral neuropathy, serotonin syndrome

18
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Vancomycin?

A

MoA: Glycopeptide that inhibits cell wall synthesis by targeting D-Ala-D-Ala

SE: Vancomycin infusion reaction, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, BM suppression

19
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Daptomycin?

A

MoA: Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane (bactericidal)

SE: muscle toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, rare eosinophilic pneumonia

20
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Metronidazole?

A

MoA: Disrupts DNA synthesis

SE: nausea, GI, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy, disulfram-like reaction

21
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Rifampin?

A

MoA: Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

SE: Orange discoloration of body fluids, hepatotoxicity, rash

22
Q

What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Polymyxins?

A

MoA: Cationic detergent that disrupts bacterial membranes

SE: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

23
Q

Which antibiotics are notable for no gram-positive coverage?

A

Ciprofloxacin
Monobactam

24
Q

What antibiotics are notable for no anaerobic coverage?

A

Polymyxins
Monobactam
Aminoglycosides

25
Q

Which antibiotics are notable for no gram-negative coverage?

A

Vancomycin
Daptomycin

26
Q

Which antbiotics are notable for no aerobic coverage?

A

Metronidazole
Clindamycin

H&D (10 decks)

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