Emergency flashcards beta-lactam antibiotics
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Penicillins? (Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Amoxicillin, and Ampicillin)
MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
SE: Interstitial nephritis & hepatitis (especially anti-staph and amino)
Which Carbapenem has no activity against Pseudomonas spp.?
Ertapenem
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Carbapenems? (Imipenem/Cilastatin, Meropenem, Ertapenem)
MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
SE:
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Cephalosporins? (Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone, Cefoxatime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Ceftaroline)
MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
SE: CNS toxicity (Cefepime, 4th gen)
Which 3rd generation Cephalosporin is the only to have activity against Pseudomonas spp.?
Ceftazidime
Which 5th generation Cephalosporin has activity against MRSA?
Ceftaroline
Which 2nd generation cephalosporin has improved activity against H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and Neisseria spp.?
Cefaclor
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Monobactams?
MoA: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
SE:
Which Fluoroquinolone has no coverage for S. pneumoniae?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Fluoroquinolones? (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)
MoA: DNA gyrase/topisomerase inhibition (bactericidal)
SE: QT prolongation, tendon rupure, cartilage damage, delirum, high risk of C-diff infection
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Macrolides? (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)
MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)
SE:
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Clindamycin?
MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)
SE: association w/ C. diff emergence
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Chloramphenicol?
MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)
SE: BM suppression, aplastic anemia, Gray baby syndrome
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Tetracyclines? (Doxycycline, Tigecycline)
MoA: 30S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)
SE: Photosensitivity, inhibition of bone growth in children, steatosis, hepatotoxicity
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Aminoglycosides? (Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin)
MoA: 30S ribosomal inhibitor
SE: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Sulfonamides? (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
MoA: Folic acid synthesis inhibitor
SE: Rash, hyperkalemia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Linezolid?
MoA: 50S ribosomal inhibitor (bacteriostatic)
SE: Bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, mitochondrial toxicity -> peripheral neuropathy, serotonin syndrome
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Vancomycin?
MoA: Glycopeptide that inhibits cell wall synthesis by targeting D-Ala-D-Ala
SE: Vancomycin infusion reaction, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, BM suppression
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Daptomycin?
MoA: Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane (bactericidal)
SE: muscle toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, rare eosinophilic pneumonia
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Metronidazole?
MoA: Disrupts DNA synthesis
SE: nausea, GI, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy, disulfram-like reaction
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Rifampin?
MoA: Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
SE: Orange discoloration of body fluids, hepatotoxicity, rash
What is the MoA and notable SE associated with Polymyxins?
MoA: Cationic detergent that disrupts bacterial membranes
SE: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
Which antibiotics are notable for no gram-positive coverage?
Ciprofloxacin
Monobactam
What antibiotics are notable for no anaerobic coverage?
Polymyxins
Monobactam
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotics are notable for no gram-negative coverage?
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Which antbiotics are notable for no aerobic coverage?
Metronidazole
Clindamycin
