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ORTHO TX I > quiz #2 - elbow > Flashcards

quiz #2 - elbow Flashcards

1
Q

elbow flexion ROM

A

140 - 150º

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2
Q

elbow extension ROM

A

0-10º

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3
Q

elbow supination & pronation ROM

A

supination: 90º

pronation: 80-90º

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4
Q

3 joints that make up the elbow

A
  1. humeroulnar (trochlear)
  2. humeroradial
  3. superior/ proximal radioulnar
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5
Q

Which joint of the elbow is considered a uniaxial pivot joint?

A

superior/ proximal radioulnar

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6
Q

what two joints of the elbow are considered uniaxial/ hinge?

A

trochlear (ulnohumeral)
radiohumaral

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7
Q

head of the radius is held in proper relation to the ulna & humerus by which ligament?

A

annular ligament

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8
Q

which joint is between the capitulum of the humerus & head of the radius?

A

radiohumeral joint

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9
Q

which joint is between the trochlea of the humerus & the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint

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10
Q

resting position of the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint

A

70º elbow flexion, 10º supination

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11
Q

closed packed position for the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint

A

extension with supination

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12
Q

capsular pattern of restriction for the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint

A

flexion, extension

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13
Q

resting position for the radiohumeral joint

A

full extension & full supination

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14
Q

closed packed position for the radiohumeral joint

A

elbow flexed 90º, forearm supinated 5º

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15
Q

capsular pattern of restriction for the radiohumeral joint

A

flexion, extension, supination, pronation

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16
Q

resting position for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint

A

35º supination, 70º elbow flexion

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17
Q

closed packed position for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint

A

5º supination

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18
Q

capsular pattern of restriction for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint

A

equal limitation of supination & pronation

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19
Q

ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

A

-fan-shaped
-primary restraint to valgus instability
-attaches humerus to ulna

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20
Q

radial (lateral) collateral ligament is the primary restraint to…

A

posterolateral instability

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21
Q

T/F - most common instability at the elbow is posterolateral

A

TRUE

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22
Q

T/F - interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna is tense only midway between supination and pronation

A

TRUE

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23
Q

function of the interosseous membrane

A

prevents proximal displacement of the radius on ulna

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24
Q

the ____ connects the radius & ulna running from the lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity to the radius slightly below the radial tuberosity

A

oblique cord

25
Q

function of the oblique cord

A

assists in displacement of the radius on ulna, especially during movements involving pulling/ when distractive force is exerted on the radius

26
Q

if there has been a fracture / epiphyseal injury to the distal humerus & a cubitus varus results, a ____ may occur in full extension

A

gunstock deformity

27
Q

first movement lost & regained after injury to the elbow

A

extension

28
Q

the elbow allows for ___ degrees of freedom - which joint allows for supination and pronation?

A

2, superior radioulnar

29
Q

if the carrying angle of the elbow is greater than 15º, it is called a…

A

cubitus valgus

30
Q

if the carrying angle of the elbow is less than 5º, it is called a…

A

cubitus varus

31
Q

at which degree of flexion is the elbow held in its resting position where the joint has maximum volume?

A

70º

32
Q

T/F - if swelling exists, all 3 joints of the elbow complex are affected as they have a common capsule

A

TRUE

33
Q

T/F - terminal extension loss is more disabling than terminal flexion loss because of the need of extension for many ADL’s

A

FALSE
*terminal flexion loss = more disabling than extension because of the need of flexion for ADLs

34
Q

Which of the following special tests is NOT specific for lateral epicondylitis?
-Maudsley’s
-Mill’s
-Speed’s
-Cozen’s

A

speed’s

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of incomplete fracture?
-compression
-avulsion
-greenstick
-perforation
-stress

A

avulsion

36
Q

types of complete fractures

A

-transverse
-oblique
-spiral
-comminuted
-avulsion
-osteochondral

37
Q

if skin is intact, what type of fracture is it?

A

closed / simple

38
Q

if the ends of the bone have broken through the skin or into one of the body cavities, what type of fracture is it?

A

open / compound

39
Q

fracture where the bone is broken into two or more pieces

A

complete

40
Q

fracture where the bone is bent or cracked and the periosteum remains intact

A

incomplete

41
Q

a tear of the long head of the Biceps brachii tendon at the shoulder or at the elbow is called a…

A

Popeye sign

42
Q

transverse fracture of the radius just proximal to the wrist allowing the fragment to rotate and displace dorsally

A

Colle’s fracture

43
Q

fracture that affects one or both malleoli

A

Pott’s fracture

44
Q

fracture of the fibula higher up, the medial malleolus avulses and the talus is pushed superiorly

A

Dupuytren’s

45
Q

fracture of the radial shaft and a dislocation of the inferior radioulnar joint

A

Galeazzi

46
Q

early complications of fractures include…

A

-torn mm & tendons
-ligament damage
-nerve & vascular injuries
-compartment syndromes
-joint hemarthrosis
-bone & soft tissue infections
-DVT
-problems caused by poorly fitting casts

47
Q

late complications of fractures include…

A

-delayed or non-union
-myositis ossificans
-nerve compression & entrapment
-bone necrosis
-Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
-joint stiffness & disuse atrophy

48
Q

CI’s during immobilization of a fracture

A

-tractioning limb
-heat distal or immediately proximal to cast
-treating on-site with open reduction
-local techniques avoided until skin fully healed

49
Q

CI’s immobilization removed for a fracture

A

-overpressure of involved joints
-extreme hydro on tissues that were under cast
-deep techniques to atrophied mm

50
Q

what nerve innervates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

51
Q

what nerve innervates the triceps & anconeus

A

radial nerve

52
Q

what nerve innervates the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median nerve

53
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve

54
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum profundus

A

median (lateral) & ulnar (medial) nerve

55
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus & pronator quadratus

A

median nerve

56
Q

what nerve innervates the anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

radial nerve

57
Q

what nerve innervates the extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

A

posterior interosseous nerve

58
Q

what nerve innervates the supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

ORTHO TX I (5 decks)

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