quiz #2 - elbow Flashcards
elbow flexion ROM
140 - 150º
elbow extension ROM
0-10º
elbow supination & pronation ROM
supination: 90º
pronation: 80-90º
3 joints that make up the elbow
- humeroulnar (trochlear)
- humeroradial
- superior/ proximal radioulnar
Which joint of the elbow is considered a uniaxial pivot joint?
superior/ proximal radioulnar
what two joints of the elbow are considered uniaxial/ hinge?
trochlear (ulnohumeral)
radiohumaral
head of the radius is held in proper relation to the ulna & humerus by which ligament?
annular ligament
which joint is between the capitulum of the humerus & head of the radius?
radiohumeral joint
which joint is between the trochlea of the humerus & the trochlear notch of the ulna?
ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint
resting position of the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint
70º elbow flexion, 10º supination
closed packed position for the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint
extension with supination
capsular pattern of restriction for the ulnohumeral (trochlear) joint
flexion, extension
resting position for the radiohumeral joint
full extension & full supination
closed packed position for the radiohumeral joint
elbow flexed 90º, forearm supinated 5º
capsular pattern of restriction for the radiohumeral joint
flexion, extension, supination, pronation
resting position for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint
35º supination, 70º elbow flexion
closed packed position for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint
5º supination
capsular pattern of restriction for the superior/ proximal radioulnar joint
equal limitation of supination & pronation
ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
-fan-shaped
-primary restraint to valgus instability
-attaches humerus to ulna
radial (lateral) collateral ligament is the primary restraint to…
posterolateral instability
T/F - most common instability at the elbow is posterolateral
TRUE
T/F - interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna is tense only midway between supination and pronation
TRUE
function of the interosseous membrane
prevents proximal displacement of the radius on ulna
the ____ connects the radius & ulna running from the lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity to the radius slightly below the radial tuberosity
oblique cord
function of the oblique cord
assists in displacement of the radius on ulna, especially during movements involving pulling/ when distractive force is exerted on the radius
if there has been a fracture / epiphyseal injury to the distal humerus & a cubitus varus results, a ____ may occur in full extension
gunstock deformity
first movement lost & regained after injury to the elbow
extension
the elbow allows for ___ degrees of freedom - which joint allows for supination and pronation?
2, superior radioulnar
if the carrying angle of the elbow is greater than 15º, it is called a…
cubitus valgus
if the carrying angle of the elbow is less than 5º, it is called a…
cubitus varus
at which degree of flexion is the elbow held in its resting position where the joint has maximum volume?
70º
T/F - if swelling exists, all 3 joints of the elbow complex are affected as they have a common capsule
TRUE
T/F - terminal extension loss is more disabling than terminal flexion loss because of the need of extension for many ADL’s
FALSE
*terminal flexion loss = more disabling than extension because of the need of flexion for ADLs
Which of the following special tests is NOT specific for lateral epicondylitis?
-Maudsley’s
-Mill’s
-Speed’s
-Cozen’s
speed’s
Which of the following is NOT a type of incomplete fracture?
-compression
-avulsion
-greenstick
-perforation
-stress
avulsion
types of complete fractures
-transverse
-oblique
-spiral
-comminuted
-avulsion
-osteochondral
if skin is intact, what type of fracture is it?
closed / simple
if the ends of the bone have broken through the skin or into one of the body cavities, what type of fracture is it?
open / compound
fracture where the bone is broken into two or more pieces
complete
fracture where the bone is bent or cracked and the periosteum remains intact
incomplete
a tear of the long head of the Biceps brachii tendon at the shoulder or at the elbow is called a…
Popeye sign
transverse fracture of the radius just proximal to the wrist allowing the fragment to rotate and displace dorsally
Colle’s fracture
fracture that affects one or both malleoli
Pott’s fracture
fracture of the fibula higher up, the medial malleolus avulses and the talus is pushed superiorly
Dupuytren’s
fracture of the radial shaft and a dislocation of the inferior radioulnar joint
Galeazzi
early complications of fractures include…
-torn mm & tendons
-ligament damage
-nerve & vascular injuries
-compartment syndromes
-joint hemarthrosis
-bone & soft tissue infections
-DVT
-problems caused by poorly fitting casts
late complications of fractures include…
-delayed or non-union
-myositis ossificans
-nerve compression & entrapment
-bone necrosis
-Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
-joint stiffness & disuse atrophy
CI’s during immobilization of a fracture
-tractioning limb
-heat distal or immediately proximal to cast
-treating on-site with open reduction
-local techniques avoided until skin fully healed
CI’s immobilization removed for a fracture
-overpressure of involved joints
-extreme hydro on tissues that were under cast
-deep techniques to atrophied mm
what nerve innervates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
what nerve innervates the triceps & anconeus
radial nerve
what nerve innervates the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
what nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve
what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum profundus
median (lateral) & ulnar (medial) nerve
what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus & pronator quadratus
median nerve
what nerve innervates the anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis
radial nerve
what nerve innervates the extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
posterior interosseous nerve
what nerve innervates the supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
posterior interosseous nerve
