midterm Flashcards
patient seated with humerus internally rotated to 20 degrees or in a “hands on lap” position is best to locate…
biceps brachii tendon
patient seated with arm held behind the back and elbow in flexion is best to locate…
supraspinatus tendon
client seated or prone with humerus flexed to 90 degrees, adducted 10 degrees and externally rotated 20 degrees
infraspinatus & teres minor
client is seated with the humerus at their side and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees - tendon is palpated inferior to the clavicle, lateral to the coracoid process
subscapularis
client is seated with the elbow in slight flexion - tendon is located distal to the lateral epicondyle
common extensor tendon
client is seated with the elbow in flexion and the wrist supinated - tendon is located distal to the medial epicondyle
common flexor tendon
sheaths of these two muscles is palpated at the radial side of the wrist
abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis tendons
palpated just inferior to the lateral femoral condyle, directly posterior to the lateral collateral ligament and biceps femoris tendon
popliteus tendon
foot is placed in plantarflexion - tendon in its sheath is palpated just posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus
tibialis posterior tendon
which ligament near the shoulder forms a roof over the bicipital groove?
transverse humeral ligament
which ligament at the shoulder forms an arch over the humeral head, acting as a block to superior translation?
coracoacromial ligament
which ligament limits inferior translation in adduction and restrains anterior translation and lateral rotation up to 45º abduction
superior glenohumeral ligament
which ligament is the most important of the three ligaments, has an anterior and posterior band with a thin “axillary pouch” in between so it acts like a hammock
inferior glenohumeral ligament
which ligament at the elbow encircles the head of the radius and keeps it in contact with the ulna?
annular ligament
which ligament at the elbow is the primary restraint to posterolateral instability?
lateral (radial) collateral ligament
which ligament at the elbow provides the primary restraint to valgus instability?
medial collateral ligament
Triangular Fibro-Cartilaginous Complex
-sits between ulna, lunate & triquetrum
-injured when wrist is forced into ulnar deviation
-helps to stabilize distal radioulnar joint & adds stability to ulnocarpal articulations
power grips
-require firm control
-ulnar side works with radial side to give stronger stability
-used when strength or force is primary consideration
precision grips
-involves primary the radial side of hand
-intrinsic hand muscles are more important
-used when accuracy & precision are required
-form “dynamic tripod”
types of power grips
hook grasp
cylinder grasp
spherical grasp
fist grasp
types of pinch grips
lateral key
three-point chuck
tip pinch
which bursa at the shoulder is most involved with impingement syndrome?
subacromial
primary support of the AC joint
CC ligament
classic winging of the scapula when the whole medial border of the scapula lifts away from the chest wall
type II
inferior medial border of the scapula is prominent is seen in which type of scapular dyskinesia?
type I
superior border of the scapula is elevated at rest and during movement is seen in which type of scapular dyskinesia?
type III
both scapulae are symmetrical at rest and during motion, rotate symmetrically upward with the inferior angles rotating laterally away from midline (rotary winging)
type IV
developmental condition leading to a high or undescended scapula
Sprengel’s deformity
the GH joint has ___ degrees of freedom and the closed packed position is ___ & ___?
3: abduction & external rotation
the elbow joint has ___ degrees of freedom and the closed packed position is ___ ?
2: extension
what is the normal carrying angle of the elbow in females?
10-15º
what is the normal carrying angle of the elbow in males?
5-10º
if the carrying angle is more than 15º it is called…
cubitus valgus
which 2 carpal bones articulate with the distal aspect of the radius?
lunate & scaphoid
list the 3 stages of adhesive capsulitis in order
painful, stiffening, resolution
freezing, frozen, thawing
acute adhesive capsulitis
diffuse pain, inflammation
subacute adhesive capsulitis
severe pain starts to diminish, stiffness becomes primary complaint
chronic stage adhesive capsulitis
pain localized to lateral arm & continues to diminish, motion & function gradually return
T/F - the scapulothoracic rhythm should be a 2:1 ratio of movement of the humerus to the scapula
TRUE
muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
brachialis
biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
which muscle is not innervated by the radial nerve?
-triceps brachii
-anconeus
-brachioradialis
-pronator teres
pronator teres (median nerve)
which two nerves innervate the flexor digitorum profundus?
median & ulnar
the 1st and 2nd lumbricals are innervated by which nerve?
median nerve
during a FOOSH injury, which carpal bone is most likely to fracture?
scaphoid
during a FOOSH injury, which carpal bone is most likely to dislocate?
lunate
the hook of the hamate and the pisiform create which tunnel?
tunnel of Guyon
*ulnar nerve
the hook of the hamate, the pisiform, scaphoid tubercle and trapezium create which tunnel?
carpal tunnel
*median nerve
T/F - the tendon of the flexor pollicis brevis travels through the carpal tunnel?
FALSE
median nerve
-4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
-4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
-flexor pollicis longus
carpal tunnel syndrome can also be mistaken for…
pronator teres syndrome
(compression of median nerve)
-palmar fascia becomes thickened & nodular
-most frequently affects 4th & 5th digit
-causes flexion deformity of fingers
dupuytren’s contracture
fracture of the distal radius proximal to the radiocarpal joint with dorsal displacement is called…
Colle’s
fracture of the wrist involving a break of the radial shaft and a dislocation of the inferior radioulnar joint
Galeazzi
fracture of the distal fibula and/or tibia, affects one or both malleoli
Pott’s
fibula fractures higher up, medial malleolus avulses & talus is pushed superiorly between tibia & fibula
Dupuytren’s
minor stretch and tear with no instability describes which grade of ligament sprain?
grade 1
complete rupture of ligament, patient unable to continue with activity describes which grade of sprain?
grade 3
tearing of fibres, snapping sound, patient has difficulty continuing with activity describes which grade of sprain?
grade 2
a glenoid labrum tear with involvement of the long head of Biceps brachii is called…
SLAP lesion
injury to the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labral complex is called…
Bankart lesion
which deformity presents with extension of the MCP and DIP joint and flexion of the PIP joint?
Boutonniere deformity
which deformity presents with flexion of the DIP joint?
Mallet finger
which deformity presents with extension of the MCP and flexion of the IP joints with wasting of the hypothenar muscles?
Bishop’s hand
which deformity involves wasting of the thenar eminence of the hand?
Ape hand
which tendons form the anatomical snuff box?
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
(structures affected in Dequervain’s tenosynovitis)
T/F - Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis are the structures affected with DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis
TRUE
how do you isolate testing Extensor carpi radialis brevis from Extensor carpi radialis longus?
elbow flexion
which special test is performed to determine a decrease in blood flow to the hand?
Allen’s
which special test is performed when your patient makes a fist with their thumb inside their fingers?
Finkelstein’s
special test used to test for lunate dislocation
Murphy’s sign
(patient makes fist to asses metacarpal heads)
special test used to test for instability of the distal radioulnar joint
piano keys test
special test used to test for ruptured FDP tendon
sweater finger sign
(make fist, distal phalanx of one finger does not flex)
which special test is performed to assess for biceps tendinitis?
Speed’s
which special test is performed to assess for inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder?
Feagin
which special test is performed to assess for a Supraspinatus tendon or muscle tear?
empty can
which special test is performed to assess for fraying of a rotator cuff muscle?
abrasion
which special test is performed to assess for a Subscapularis muscle lesion?
lift off
which special test is performed to assess for compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel?
Phalen’s
which special test is performed to assess for an overuse injury to the Supraspinatus muscle?
Hawkin’s Kennedy
which special test is performed to assess for an overuse injury to the Common Extensor Tendon?
Cozen’s
which special test is performed to asses anterior instability at the shoulder?
rockwood
which special test is performed to assess posterior instability at the shoulder?
push-pull
3 special tests used for lateral epicondylitis
Cozens, Mills, Maudsleys
special test used to determine if cubital tunnel syndrome is present
elbow flexion test
