Quiz 2- CH 13 Flashcards
Manifest Destiny
The United States has a divine mission to occupy North America
Mexico
Ceded from Spain 1821
Passed constitution, 1824
Banned slavery
Northern Mex- texas, cali and new mex
Economically linked w/ US
Impresarios
Americans with large land grants- offered by mex gov
Sold to get rich, too many immigrants- banned 1830
Rules for impresarios
Mexican citizenship
Convert to Catholicism
Obey Mexican government
Texas revolt reasons
- Southerners brought slaves to Texas- against Mexico’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1829
- Taxing of immigrants- wanted no taxes/ representation
-Santa Anna- Dictator of Mexico, Overthrows 1824 Constitution
-Americans and Tejanos rebel
-Form autonomous state (semi-independent)
-Reject Santa Anna
- Want restored
Constitution
War of independence/ TEXAS REVOLUTION
1835-36
Santa Anna sends army to Texas 1835-
o Battles of the Alamo and San Jacinto
o SAM HOUSTON defeats Santa Anna
Texas independent for 9 yrs
Andrew Jackson
1828-1836
Texas Congress voted for union with the US-
Jackson and US Congress did not allow annexation-Feared international repercussions – Britain / France
William Henry Harrison
1840
Whig party
shortest presidency ever
Vice prez. John Tyler becomes prez
Prez John Tyler
Wanted Republic of Texas as part of the United
States
-Needed supermajority of senate
- Senate divided between free and slave Senators- Northern Senators feared spread of slavery into Texas
-Tyler used Joint Resolution in Senate to annex Texas- Simple Majority vote
Texas joins union -1845
Whig Party slogan
“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”
Annexation of all Oregon up to northern border- 54 degrees and 40 minutes north parallel
OR fight Great Britain for the land
Part of manifest destiny
Oregon Territory & Oregon Trail
Joint Administration – Britain and United States
-American Immigrants increasing by 1840s
Oregon Trail
-Immigrants travelled largely along this trail- in wagon trains with Constitutions, assignments, and responsibilities
for each wagon
-US government signed Fort Laramie Treaty in 1851 with tribes such as the Sioux- drew boundaries to contain tribes, & keep
immigrants out of tribal lands
-Sioux had great power – position of leadership-largest tribe, least effected by disease
Start of Mexican War
President James Polk, (1844-1848)
Tense between US and Mexico- Border never decided– Rio Grande vs Nueces River
- General Zachary Taylor to build fort at mouth of Rio Grande- Congress declares war 1846
- First war fought on foreign soil
-Most Americans supported war; Dissenters worried that war was not about liberty, but conquest/ worried that slave states would be created
Lincoln against the mexican war
War is war of conquest, not security
President should not have authority to “Make War At Pleasure”
Mexican war
1846-1847
War has Three Fronts:
1. Texas into Mexico - General Zachary Taylor
- Northern Mexico (New Mexico to California) - Gen.
Stephan Kearney - Amphibious invasion of southern Mexico via Veracruz -gen. Winfield Scott
(4.) Bear flag republic, Cali
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico Cedes 500,000 sq miles of territory
California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada
Ended the mexican war
Gold rush
california 1849
100,000 migrated -1849 and 1850
Levi Strauss – Pants
Henry Wells and William Fargo – Shipping, Mail and Banking
Compromise of 1850
- In 1849 US has 30 states – 15 free and 15 slave
-California and New Mexico have enough people to become states- wanted to be free-states
- Southern slave states not happy with being outnumbered in the US
Senate
-Agree to a compromise – Senate passes and President Millard Fillmore
(1850-1853) signs the legislation
COMPROMISE:
-California = free state
- Utah & New Mexico can decide to be free or slave states
-Fugitive Slave Act: Southerners could seize escaped slaves anywhere they are discovered in the US
-Boundary set between New Mexico and Texas, gov pays Texas $10 million for loss of land
- Slave trade in District of Columbia is ended
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852
Rise of Republican Party
Democrats & Whig Party -did not like poor conditions in cities,
slavery / violence in Kansas
-Strong national and state government
- Economic and social reform
- No extension of slavery westward
Slogan: “The Twin Relics of Barbarism” - campaign of 1860
Dred Scott v. Sandford
1857
1. Africans are not citizens
2. Non-citizens cannot sue
3. Africans are inferior and have no rights
4. Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional
John Brown
Armed insurrection was only way to stop slavery
-From Massachusetts
-traveled to Kansas & joined those in favor of a free-state
-Captured federal arsenal -Harpers Ferry, Virginia, 1857
- Weapons stored in arsenal were needed to arm slaves (slave revolt goal)
- Colonel Robert E. Lee offered surrender (rejected)
1850s Differences- North and South
50s
1. Population
a. South – 35% African
b. North- 2% African
2. Economy
a. South – 84% agriculture / 15% industry
b. North – 40% agriculture / 60% industry
3. Labor
a. South – largely slave labor
b. North – free-wage labor
4. Factories
a. South – 15% of national total
b. North – 85% of national total
5. Railroads
a. South – 10,000 miles of mostly separate lines (differing gauges)
b. North – 20,000 miles, which was largely connected to main lines (many trunk and
main lines have similar gauges)
Election of 1860
-1860 -southerners saw the Republican Party as John Brown’s party due to the
“Twin Relics of Barbarism”
-Abraham Lincoln (1860-1865) did not appear on ballot in many
southern states, Lincoln won the election anyway:
The North has more population and electoral votes, earned 40% of popular vote – no southern votes
Formation of the confederacy
-South Carolina first to secede (declare independence) from the United States- 1860
-Jefferson Davis voted in as President (Senator from Mississippi)
-South Carolina military forces fire on Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor -1861- surrenders after one day
Eleven states form Confederacy:
North and South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee.
NSAALTTMVGF
