Chapter 2

Question 1

Why did the English colonize and build empires?

Answer 1

-One- up the Spanish Empire
-Convert the natives- religion
-Get rid of surplus population (the poor / indentured servants / criminals)
-Colonies provide resources and consume English products
-Colonials gain better life through economic independence (land ownership)

Question 2

John Smith

Answer 2

“Every man may be the master and owner of his own labor and land”

Established Jamestown, Virginia, 1607- James River, 60 miles inward from Chesapeake bay

Regime of forced labor- “He that will not work, shall not eat”

Question 3

Jamestown, Virginia

Answer 3

Named for King James and Elizabeth I - Rulers of England

Sponsored by Virginia Company

-Around 100 men
-Spent time looking for gold instead of planting crops and preparing for winter
-By 1608, only 38 left / 400 in 1609, but 65 left in 1610
-Helped by Chief Powhatan and daughter, Pocahontas in 1608-09

High death rate, poor workers, no women- by 1610 only 65 alive

Question 4

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 4

Founded the colony of Roanoke island- 1585-Ossomocomuck fishing villiage- abandoned once and then deserted by famous “Croatoan” colony

Question 5

Strife in England

Answer 5

England involved in wars in Ireland- English internal wars / Protestant vs. Catholic

Prior to the settling of North America

Question 6

The Chesapeake Region

Answer 6

Maryland and Virginia

Question 7

Virginia

Answer 7

-The Virginia Company- 1600s

Tough living:
-Harsh climate
-Unfriendly natives
-No women
-When service to company was over, the men went back to Britain

Question 8

How were people motivated to stay in Virginia?

Answer 8

-Marketable commodity – Tobacco. Causes scramble for land and more
immigration

-Headright System 1618: Colonist who pay their own way to Virginia receive 50
acres of land and 50 additional acres for each person (head) they brought with
them

-Company paid women to migrate

-Company allowed for the creation for a House of Burgesses 1619 – a regional legislature (self-government)

Question 9

House of Burgesses

Answer 9

1619- Only freemen could vote- Virginia company / governor had ultimate say

Political Precedent for Democracy in the colonies

Question 10

Wars in Virginia

Answer 10

First Anglo- Powhatan war- 1610- over stolen crops- Pocahontas held hostage- converted to Christianity, married John Rolfe (tobacco exporter)

Peace from 1614- 1622

Second Anglo- Powhatan war- 1622- Powhatan’s brother- Opechancanough led a surprise attack- Eventual English victory

3rd War- 1644- colonists outnumbered Powhatans- forced a treaty moving them to reservations

Question 11

End of Virginia Company

Answer 11

-1624- King James dissolves the company due to war, mismanagement and corruption

-Virginia is made a royal colony – House of Burgesses allowed to stay

Question 12

Maryland

Answer 12

-1632, Catholic King Charles granted land & political authority to Catholic Cecilius
Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – 10 million acres
- Calvert wanted to build a Proprietary Catholic colony / refuge for persecuted Catholics in England

-Majority of colonists were protestant- did not want to live and work on land owned by Calvert / Catholics
- Civil War in England in 1640s led to Calvert’s son to allow some limited self-
government to colonists
-Legislature & Passed the Acts of Toleration- Freedom of worship for all Christians

Question 13

Proprietary colony

Answer 13

Possession of a specific family- passed on as inheritance

Question 14

Massachusetts & the Puritans

Answer 14

Plymouth Colony- Founded by around 100 Separatist Puritans- Plymouth Bay Company, left on the Mayflower in 1620

-KNOWN AS PILGRIMS

-Landed at Massachusetts Bay and signed the Mayflower Compact before
leaving the ship

-Nearly all dead by the first winter- helped by Sqanto and the Wampanoags

Question 15

Separatist Puritans

Answer 15

English Calvinists who sought to separate from the Church of England

John Calvin- Only God leads the church

Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism- Martian Luther

Question 16

Mayflower Compact

Answer 16

The compact was chiefly concerned with survival.
-Ensured majority rule-

-Colonists were loyal to the King of England
-Christians who served God
-would make fair and just laws
-would work together for the good of the Colony.

Question 17

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 17

Founded by John Winthrop and 1000 non-separatist Puritans, 1630- Landed at Massachusetts Bay

-Ruling body known as the General Court —-> two-
house legislature, Governor and a court

-Economy was run not for profit, but common good

-Founded Boston & Harvard College

-Women and men were spiritual equals. Women could interpret &
teach the bible-could not be leaders; Average woman had 7 children!!

-By 1650s-60s strict Puritanism giving way to merchant / economic domination- Succeeding generations since 1629 were less religious and sought political and economic freedom

Question 18

Great Migration

Answer 18

1629 – 1642: 21000 Puritans migrate to New World

-wanted to be an example to Britain and the Church of England- change and purify the C of E

Question 19

Rhode Island Colony

Answer 19

• Founded by Puritans led by Roger Williams (Banished from Massachusetts)

-Did not agree with other Puritans views of the Church of England
(Massachusetts Bay Colony)

-Williams promoted separation of church and state – religion and government
should be separate

-No official religion, Haven for religious dissenters

-Founded Providence

• Colonial Assembly elected twice a year and governor annually

Question 20

Pennsylvania

Answer 20

Founded by William Penn and the Quakers

• Penn Granted land North of Maryland by King Charles
• Renounced force – no engagement in military service
• Women granted some equality with men
  -Religious freedom – worship how you choose
  -Many of the religiously persecuted from Europe migrated to Penn’s colony
  -Legislature created, but Penn wielded great power over colony and legislature

Question 21

Anglo-Dutch Wars

Answer 21

1650s-1660s
- Debate over claims to New Netherlands between Holland and Britain- Britain claimed New Netherlands was in Virginia
-King Charles of Britain granted New Netherlands to brother – James, the Duke of York
-James sailed with military forces to Manhattan and Long Islands, but English settlers had already successfully rebelled against the Dutch
-New Netherlands taken and New Amsterdam renamed New York

Question 22

Magna Carta

Answer 22

1215- Led to the concept known as the Rights of Englishmen- Due Process of Law, Jury Trial, Political Representation, Voting, etc.

Required the Kings of England to accept certain freedoms for
citizens- kings accepted limits on their powers by law

• English were no longer subject to the king’s will, but only the law of the
  land
• kings and government were separate institutions, with the government holding the majority of power

Question 23

Colonial Opinions of Freedom

Answer 23

Colonist believed the rights of Englishmen belonged to them