HISTORY EXAM 2 Flashcards
Eli Whitney + The Cotton Gin
Invented in 1793
Removed the seeds from cotton- by hand before
Increased cotton production - 75,000 to 2,000,000 from 1800-1850
Cash Crops
Crops grown for sale in foreign markets
Cotton, tobacco, indigo
(rice + sugar)
Cotton Production
Grown in cotton belt- lower south, TX to SC
Fertile soil & more rainfall, unused land
Missouri Compromise 1820
Slavery expanding: Congress wants equality in the Senate between free & slave states, Anti-slavery members of the United States Congress did not want slavery
to spread into the Louisiana Purchase.
-Missouri becomes a slave state, Maine is a free state
-Slavery is prohibited north of Missouri except in
states which already had slavery (Kentucky and Virginia.)
- Slavery not allowed in Louisiana Purchase except for Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Compromise of 1850
In 1849 US has 30 states – 15 free and 15 slave, Southern slave states not happy with the possibility of being outnumbered – Senate passes and President Millard Fillmore
(1850-1853) signs the legislation
-California admitted as free state
-Utah (in the future) and New Mexico can decide for themselves whether to be free
or slave states
-Fugitive Slave Act-Southerners could seize escaped slaves anywhere in US
-Boundary set between New Mexico and Texas, gov pays Texas $10 million for loss of land
(Slave trade in District of Columbia is ended)
Land for Freedmen
- Field Order #15 – 1865-General Sherman ordered 40 acre plots to be given to blacks in SC- Sherman Land
- South Carolina
State purchased farmland and sold it to blacks – 14,000 families took
advantage - Southern Homestead Act-1866- Abandoned land to blacks
-Freedman’s Bureau 1865-1872
- Provided social, economic and educational service; Built and started schools in the South; Rented out unoccupied and abandoned land to freedmen (freed slaves) – 40 acre
plots
Segregation
Concept: Separate but equal
-The restriction of blacks-Drinking fountains, bathrooms, schools, trains,
-Jim Crow Laws- segregation laws throughout the South
Failure of Land Reform
a. Black farmers could not attain credit
b. Most freedmen did not own land and did not take advantage of land policies
c. Field Order #15 rescinded after 8 months – land returned to original owners
d. Freedmen Bureau changed its objective from largely helping freedmen to helping the entire southern economy revive by 1870
Disenfranchisement
-Whites desired an end to blacks voting; did not want to violate the letter of the law- 14th and 15th Amendments
o Poll Taxes: Pay to vote
o Literacy Tests: Reading and writing tests
o Educational Qualifications: High school diploma
Two Unspoken Rules
Do Not Prosper
Do Not Challenge White Authority
White Man’s Burden
It is the duty/burden of Anglo-Saxon people to uplift lesser races- Anglo-Saxon Americans are superior
-Racial Belief – Survival of the fittest / white Americans are fittest
Open Door Policy 1899
President William McKinley
-Equal trading rights to all nations in China- all countries
-Recognition of China’s territorial integrity- China is a sovereign state and cannot be carved up
Taylorism
Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management
- Increased Worker Efficiency- Routine, Speed-Ups and Mechanization
- Workers are not individuals- Should and Must do What They are Told
-Safe Work Conditions Expendable Jobs
The Natural Order
-A woman’s place is in the home
-She must be obedient to her husband
-She is the weaker sex
- The Order is ordained by God
Four Strategic Goals
-Secure border states early in the war
a. Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, Maryland
b. New state of West Virginia
-Control Mississippi River
a. The river was the South’s main transportation line
b. Control the river and split the South in half
-Naval Blockade
a. Blockade the entire southern coast and cripple southern exports
-(Capture Richmond
a. Richmond, Virginia – the capital of the Confederacy)
