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A&P 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

A

emotional state

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2
Q

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

A

170/96 in a 50-year-old man

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3
Q

Main (primary) bronchus.

A

D - main branch into lung

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4
Q

Air and food are routed into the proper channels by the ________.

A

Larynx

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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6
Q

Axillary node(s).

A

B - arm pit

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7
Q

Heavy chain.

A

B - interior long part

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8
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?

A

composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains

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9
Q

________ predominate at the sites of chronic infec!ons.

A

macrophages

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10
Q

Fever ________.

A

production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body’s thermostat to a higher setting

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11
Q

Natural killer (NK) cells ________.

A

can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated

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12
Q

Interferons ________.

A

interfere with viral replication within cells

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13
Q

________ determine(s) what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

A

our genes

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14
Q

Regulatory T cells ________.

A

may function in preventing autoimmune reactions

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15
Q

Select the correct definition about tissue grafts.

A

Isografts are between idendical twins.

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16
Q

The only immunoglobulin to exist as a pentamer is ________.

A

IgM

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17
Q

________ are released by activated T cells and macrophages to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

A

passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

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19
Q

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

A

antigenic

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20
Q

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.

A

bone marrow

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21
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

A

replaces injured tissues with connective tissue

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22
Q

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.

A

vasodilation

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23
Q

The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds.

A

disulfide

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24
Q

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?

A

antigen

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25
Q

The system that recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them is the ________.

A

immune system

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26
Q

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________.

A

chemotaxis

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27
Q

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________.

A

haptens

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28
Q

The chief antibody-mediated mechanism used against cellular antigens, such as bacteria, is ________.

A

complement fixation

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29
Q

Light chain.

A

D

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30
Q

Variable region.

A

C

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31
Q

Constant region.

A

E

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32
Q

Antigen-binding site.

A

A

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33
Q

Area where B cells become immunocompetent.

A

C

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34
Q

Area where T cells become immunocompetent.

A

B

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35
Q

Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate.

A

E

36
Q

Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells.

A

D

37
Q

Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur.

A

D

38
Q

Cisterna chyli.

A

D

39
Q

Entrance of thoracic duct into subclavian vein.

A

A

40
Q

Thoracic duct.

A

C

41
Q

Lymphatic collecting vessels.

A

E

42
Q

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

A

alveoli

43
Q

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

A

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

44
Q

Gas emboli may occur because ________.

A

a diver holds his breath upon ascent

45
Q

Inspiratory capacity is ________.

A

the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration

46
Q

Which of these is not a characteristic of emphysema?

A

bronchial edema

47
Q

The loudness of a person’s voice depends on ________.

A

the force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

48
Q

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is ________.

A

to secrete surfactant

49
Q

After the segmental (tertiary) bronchus, the next smaller branch of the respiratory passageway is (are) the ________.

A

terminal bronchioles

50
Q

The smallest macroscopic subdivision of the lung is the ________.

A

lobules

51
Q

The pleurae are vital to the integrity of the lungs because ________.

A

they produce a lubricating serous secretion, allowing the lungs to glide over the thorax wall during breathing

52
Q

Pharynx.

A

A - back of mouth/throat

53
Q

Larynx.

A

B- throat

54
Q

Carina of trachea.

A

E - trachea branch

55
Q

Trachea.

A

C - trachea

56
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume.

A

A

57
Q

Residual volume.

A

D

58
Q

Expiratory reserve volume.

A

C

59
Q

Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases.

A

D

60
Q

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

A

Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

61
Q

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.

A

the dural sinus reflex

62
Q

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.

A

intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

63
Q

Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________.

A

arteriosclerosis

64
Q

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodila!on?

A

lungs

65
Q

Normal blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.

A

90/55

66
Q

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

A

nitric acid

67
Q

Which statement best describes arteries?

A

all carry blood away from heart

68
Q

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

A

tunica intima

69
Q

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

A

capillaries

70
Q

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________.

A

hepatic portal circulation

71
Q

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

A

muscular arteries

72
Q

Aldosterone will ________.

A

promote an increase in blood pressure

73
Q

The pulse pressure is ________.

A

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

74
Q

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

A

rapidly falling blood pressure

75
Q

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

A

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

76
Q

Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood.

A

B

77
Q

Capillary with intercellular clefts.

A

A

78
Q

Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells.

A

C

79
Q

Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs.

A

B

80
Q

Splenic vein.

A

B

81
Q

Superior mesenteric vein.

A

E

82
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein.

A

D

83
Q

Hepatic portal vein.

A

A

84
Q

Right gastroepiploic vein.

A

C

85
Q

Tidal Volume

A

B

A&P 2 (7 decks)

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