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A&P 2 > Quiz 1 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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3
Q

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

A

Parafollicular

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4
Q

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

A

Addison’s Disease

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5
Q

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

A

Endocrine System

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6
Q

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________.

A

Hematocrit

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7
Q

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

A

Interventricular Septum

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8
Q

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

A

Apex

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9
Q

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

A

atria; ventricles

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11
Q

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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12
Q

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

A

aorta

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13
Q

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

A

pulmonary

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14
Q

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?

A

chordae tendineae

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15
Q

What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?

A

hemoglobin

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16
Q

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________.

A

granulocytes

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17
Q

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________.

A

hemostasis

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18
Q

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby’s RBCs is called ________.

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

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19
Q

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

A

steroid hormone

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20
Q

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________.

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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21
Q

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

A

insulin; glucagon

22
Q

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

diabetes insipidus

23
Q

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

A

coronary arteries

24
Q

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

A

left ventricle

25
Q

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?

A

aortic semilunar valve

26
Q

The type of leukocyte that fights allergies and parasitic worms is indicated by ________.

A

eosinophil; granulocyte with 2 lobes

27
Q

The most common type of leukocyte is indicated by ________.

A

neutrophil; granulocyte with multiple lobes

28
Q

The granulocytes are indicated by ________ and ________.

A

neutrophil & eosinophil; label A & C

29
Q

The lymphocyte is indicated by ________.

A

large nucleus, little cytoplasm; Label D

30
Q

The monocyte is indicated by ________.

A

horseshoe shaped nucleus, no granules; Label B

31
Q

The eosinophil is indicated by ________.

A

Label C; granulocyte with 2 lobed nuclei

32
Q

The neutrophil is indicated by ________.

A

multi lobed nuclei, granulocyte; Label A

33
Q

The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

A

D; branches within interventricular septum

34
Q

The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

A

B; lower left of right atria

35
Q

The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

A

C; where the bundle branches meet top of interventricular septum

36
Q

The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

A

A; top most node of right atria, sends signal to lower AV Node

37
Q

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

A

myocardium; middle muscle layer of heart casing

38
Q

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

A

E; fibers that transmit signal to myocardium

39
Q

The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

A

E; parathyroid glands, situated on thyroid

40
Q

The pineal gland is indicated by ________.

A

A; pinecone shaped gland in brain

41
Q

The pancreas is indicated by ________.

A

H; below stomach to release insulin and glucagon

42
Q

The thymus is indicated by ________.

A

F; anterior to heart

43
Q

The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.

A

D; thyroid regulates metabolism

44
Q

The female glands that are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are indicated by ________.

A

I; ovaries

45
Q

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.

A

C; pituitary

46
Q

The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by ________.

A

E; parathyroid regulates Ca

47
Q

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

A

H; pancreas

48
Q

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by ________.

A

B; hypothalamus actually produces them, pituitary only secretes them

49
Q

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.

A

G; adrenal glands - catecholamines are stress hormones, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine

50
Q

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

A

J; testes

51
Q

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

A

A; pineal gland

52
Q

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.

A

F; thymus

A&P 2 (7 decks)

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