Quiz #2

Question 1

The transformation of a single species over time

Answer 1

Anagenesis

Question 2

Species identified from the fossil record based on PHYSICAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES with other species along an evolutionary line (lineage)

Answer 2

Paleospecies

Question 3

The formation of one or more species from another time

Ex: humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas

Answer 3

Cladogenesis

Question 4

Originally proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould (1972), it proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history, remaining an extended state called STASIS. When significant evolutionary change occurs it is generally restricted to rare and rapid (on a geologic time scale) events of branching speciation called cladogenesis.

Answer 4

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 5

Two different methods to study fossil record

Answer 5

Relative Dating & Chronometric Dating

Question 6

• Determines which fossils are older (relative to each other)
• Does not determine exact date

Answer 6

Relative Dating

Question 7

• Layers of earth

- Utilizes the geological process of superposition (the accumulation over time of the earth’s surface)

Answer 7

Stratigraphy/Strata

Question 8

The older the strata (layers, singular=stratum) are on the bottom, and the younger strata are on the top

Answer 8

Principle of Superposition

Question 9

The study of the temporal and spatial distribution of fossil organisms

Answer 9

Biostratigraphy

Question 10

Provides an ‘exact’ date (plus or minus statistical variation)

Answer 10

Chronometric Dating

Question 11

-Divided into two eons

Answer 11

Geologic Time

Question 12

(4.6 billion years ago to 545 million years ago)

Answer 12

Precambrian Eon

Question 13

-545 million years ago to present
Broken into 3 geological eras:
-Paleozic (545-245 mya)
-Mezozoic (245-65 mya)
-Cenozoic (65 mya-present)

Answer 13

Phanerozic Eon

Question 14

• ‘Age of mammals’

- Mammals radiate to fill vacant environmental niches left by the extinction of the dinosaurs

Answer 14

Cenozoic

Question 15

• 225 mya (plate tectonics)

- last time land was above sea level

Answer 15

Pangea

Question 16

• Paleocene epoch
• Eocene epoch
• Oligocene epoch

Answer 16

Epochs

Question 17

65-54 mya B.P

Answer 17

Paleocene epoch

Question 18

• 54-34 mya B.P
• Frist primate (primative prosimians)
• First anthropoids (man like)

Answer 18

Eocene epoch

Question 19

• 34-23 mya BP

- Radiation to anthropoids

Answer 19

Oligocene Epoch

Question 20

• 23-5 mya B.P.
• Radiation of early apes, divergence of apes
• Divergence of apes and hominids

Answer 20

Miocene Epoch

Question 21

At the end of the mezoic, the earliest likely ancestors of the primates existed

Answer 21

Nocturnal, Arboreal, Insectivores, (like the tree shrew)

Question 22

An order of mammals adapted to insect eating

Answer 22

Insectivores

Question 23

• First PRIMATE LIKE mammals in the paleozoic epoch (65-54 mya) .
• Quadraped mammals with arms and legs adapted for climbing.

Answer 23

Plesiadapids

Question 24

Not mammals

Answer 24

Plesiadapids

Question 25

Lack postorbital bar (the bony ring separating the eye orbit from the back of the skull in primates

Answer 25

Adaptive Radiation

Question 26

3-D Spatial orientation required
-Depth perception for leaping from branch to branch
-Overlapping fields of vision needed
-vision more important than smell
Retention of primitive form with 5 digits helps
Good hand eye coordination

Answer 26

Szalay: Requirements for life in trees

Question 27

Stereoscopic vision and grasping hands first evolved as ADAPTATIONS FOR HUNTING INSECTS ALONG BRANCHES

Answer 27

Visual Predation Model (Cartmill 1974)

Question 28

Suggest primate origins might relate to eating a mixed diet including fruit/nector/flowers/ rather than only insects

Answer 28

Sussman’s Hypothesis

Question 29

Newly evolved flowering plants

Answer 29

Angiosperms

Question 30

When did the first true primates appear?

Answer 30

Beginning of Eocene Epoch 50-55 mya

Question 31

One group of Eocene primates that were diurnal leaf and fruit eaters is somewhat similar to modern lemurs and lorises

Answer 31

Adapids

Question 32

Another group of smaller, nocturnal fruit and insect eaters is somewhat similar to modern tarsiers

Answer 32

Omomyids

Question 33

Anthropoid evolved fairly early, possibly as long as 50 mya, might have evolved from a group other than lemur/loris-like or tarsiers-like primates

Answer 33

Anthropoid origins

Question 34

Anthropoid fossils first paper in the Eocene Epoch (54-34 mya) in both the Old World and New World

Answer 34

Old World Anthropoids

Question 35

Where does the most evidence of anthropoid evolution come from?

Answer 35

Africa, South America, and parts of East Asia

Question 36

Where does the most evidence of New World Monkey Evolution come from?

Answer 36

Fay, Egypt

Question 37

Earliest fossil record of New World Monkey

Answer 37

30 mya

Question 38

Single origin for _________, including NWM, in the Old World

Answer 38

Anthropoids

Question 39

Oldest fossil evidence for apes (mostly dental evidence) is from anthropoids form the _______

Answer 39

Miocene (22-5 mya)

Question 40

The ________ apes were incredibly diverse until 5-10 mya

Answer 40

Miocene

Question 41

Lived in Africa 23-17 mya

Answer 41

Genus Proconsul

Question 42

Lives14-7 mya

-Possibly early ancestor of the modern orangutan

Answer 42

Sivapithecus