Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

The transformation of a single species over time

A

Anagenesis

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2
Q

Species identified from the fossil record based on PHYSICAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES with other species along an evolutionary line (lineage)

A

Paleospecies

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3
Q

The formation of one or more species from another time

Ex: humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas

A

Cladogenesis

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4
Q

Originally proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould (1972), it proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history, remaining an extended state called STASIS. When significant evolutionary change occurs it is generally restricted to rare and rapid (on a geologic time scale) events of branching speciation called cladogenesis.

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

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5
Q

Two different methods to study fossil record

A

Relative Dating & Chronometric Dating

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6
Q
  • Determines which fossils are older (relative to each other)
  • Does not determine exact date
A

Relative Dating

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7
Q
  • Layers of earth

- Utilizes the geological process of superposition (the accumulation over time of the earth’s surface)

A

Stratigraphy/Strata

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8
Q

The older the strata (layers, singular=stratum) are on the bottom, and the younger strata are on the top

A

Principle of Superposition

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9
Q

The study of the temporal and spatial distribution of fossil organisms

A

Biostratigraphy

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10
Q

Provides an ‘exact’ date (plus or minus statistical variation)

A

Chronometric Dating

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11
Q

-Divided into two eons

A

Geologic Time

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12
Q

(4.6 billion years ago to 545 million years ago)

A

Precambrian Eon

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13
Q
-545 million years ago to present
Broken into 3 geological eras:
-Paleozic (545-245 mya)
-Mezozoic (245-65 mya)
-Cenozoic (65 mya-present)
A

Phanerozic Eon

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14
Q
  • ‘Age of mammals’

- Mammals radiate to fill vacant environmental niches left by the extinction of the dinosaurs

A

Cenozoic

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15
Q
  • 225 mya (plate tectonics)

- last time land was above sea level

A

Pangea

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16
Q
  • Paleocene epoch
  • Eocene epoch
  • Oligocene epoch
A

Epochs

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17
Q

65-54 mya B.P

A

Paleocene epoch

18
Q
  • 54-34 mya B.P
  • Frist primate (primative prosimians)
  • First anthropoids (man like)
A

Eocene epoch

19
Q
  • 34-23 mya BP

- Radiation to anthropoids

A

Oligocene Epoch

20
Q
  • 23-5 mya B.P.
  • Radiation of early apes, divergence of apes
  • Divergence of apes and hominids
A

Miocene Epoch

21
Q

At the end of the mezoic, the earliest likely ancestors of the primates existed

A

Nocturnal, Arboreal, Insectivores, (like the tree shrew)

22
Q

An order of mammals adapted to insect eating

A

Insectivores

23
Q
  • First PRIMATE LIKE mammals in the paleozoic epoch (65-54 mya) .
  • Quadraped mammals with arms and legs adapted for climbing.
A

Plesiadapids

24
Q

Not mammals

A

Plesiadapids

25
Lack postorbital bar (the bony ring separating the eye orbit from the back of the skull in primates
Adaptive Radiation
26
3-D Spatial orientation required -Depth perception for leaping from branch to branch -Overlapping fields of vision needed -vision more important than smell Retention of primitive form with 5 digits helps Good hand eye coordination
Szalay: Requirements for life in trees
27
Stereoscopic vision and grasping hands first evolved as ADAPTATIONS FOR HUNTING INSECTS ALONG BRANCHES
Visual Predation Model (Cartmill 1974)
28
Suggest primate origins might relate to eating a mixed diet including fruit/nector/flowers/ rather than only insects
Sussman's Hypothesis
29
Newly evolved flowering plants
Angiosperms
30
When did the first true primates appear?
Beginning of Eocene Epoch 50-55 mya
31
One group of Eocene primates that were diurnal leaf and fruit eaters is somewhat similar to modern lemurs and lorises
Adapids
32
Another group of smaller, nocturnal fruit and insect eaters is somewhat similar to modern tarsiers
Omomyids
33
Anthropoid evolved fairly early, possibly as long as 50 mya, might have evolved from a group other than lemur/loris-like or tarsiers-like primates
Anthropoid origins
34
Anthropoid fossils first paper in the Eocene Epoch (54-34 mya) in both the Old World and New World
Old World Anthropoids
35
Where does the most evidence of anthropoid evolution come from?
Africa, South America, and parts of East Asia
36
Where does the most evidence of New World Monkey Evolution come from?
Fay, Egypt
37
Earliest fossil record of New World Monkey
30 mya
38
Single origin for _________, including NWM, in the Old World
Anthropoids
39
Oldest fossil evidence for apes (mostly dental evidence) is from anthropoids form the _______
Miocene (22-5 mya)
40
The ________ apes were incredibly diverse until 5-10 mya
Miocene
41
Lived in Africa 23-17 mya
Genus Proconsul
42
Lives14-7 mya | -Possibly early ancestor of the modern orangutan
Sivapithecus