Quiz 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Evolution results from

A

Self preservation

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1
Q

Evolution is not

A

Goal-directed , progressive

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2
Q

Not all traits are

A

Adaptive

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3
Q

Evolution is under

A

Genetic and historical constraints

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4
Q

There re what’s to fitness?

A

Trade offs

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5
Q

Pleiotrophy

A

= one gene;many traits

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6
Q

Multiple allelism

A

One trait; multiple alleles

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7
Q

Gene linkage

A

Alleles for depth -> correlated with beak width (a suboptimal trait)

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8
Q

What causes genetic constraints?

A

Lack of allele variation

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9
Q

What are fossils?

A

Direct physical evidence of what organisms lived, where they lived and what they looked like over approximatly 3.5 billion year history of life on earth

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10
Q

Where have fossils been discovered?

A

Rocks through out the world

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11
Q

What kinds of rocks are more likely to contain fossils?

A

Sedementary rocks (limestone, shale and sandstone) and clays

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12
Q

Rocks containing fossils are usually

A

Exposed ( mountain outcrop, natural hill side, edge of stream or quarry)

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13
Q

What is a fossilized made up of?

A

A model made up of sand risk and minerals

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14
Q

What are unlikely sources of fossils

A
Igneous I.e. volcanic, granite, basalt, purnice etc
And metamorphic (slate , marble)
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15
Q

How do fossils form

A

Slow decomposition(stagnant water, acidic and oxygen poor) and rapid burial (water sand mud)

16
Q

Intact fossil

A

Interior and exterior architecture preserved

17
Q

Compression fossil

A

Weight compresses organic material cemented into shale , mudstone

18
Q

Cast fossil

A

Interior decomp, exterior preserved.

Cavity is filled with mineral and debris

19
Q

Per mineralized fossil

A

Extremely slow decomp, dissolved minerals gradually infiltrate cell interior hardens

20
Q

Fossilization is a

A

Rare event

21
Q

What is habitat bias?

A

Find more in certain enviornments that promote fossilization

22
Q

Taxonomic bias

A

Hard body parts fossilize easier

23
Q

Temporal bias

A

Time related the longer age you fossilized the harder things are to find

24
Q

Abundance bias

A

Thing that lived in huge populations are more often fossilized

25
Q

Transitional fossil forms

A

Fossils that reveal a pathway of anatomical change in a type of organism over time

26
Q

Vestigial trait

A

A thing that we have but is no longer useful

27
Q

Atavisms

A

Structures normally absent re-appear in related species; expression of genes from an ancestral species

28
Q

Microevolution

A

Evolution occurring in real time; over a short enough period that it can be observed

29
Q

Industrial melanism

A

Organisms darken because of change in industry

30
Q

Homologies/homology

A

Similarity between characteristics of organisms that is due to shared ancestry(when specifies share a trait)

31
Q

Structural homology

A

Similar anatomy among organisms due to a common ancestor