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Bio Evolution > Intro To Evolution > Flashcards

Intro To Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What evolve?

A

Populations not individuals

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1
Q

Evolution?

A

Change In the heritable traits of a population over time

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2
Q

Evolution happens over?

A

The long term

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3
Q

What does studying evolution help us understand?

A

Where we came from as humans and to help us understand the natural world

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4
Q

Artificial selection?

A

The process where human brigs decide which organisms to breed in order to create desired traits

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5
Q

What are the most common breeds that humans artificially select?

A

Dogs, cattle, crops, and ornamental plants

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6
Q

What was popular both in Darwin’s time and today?

A

Artificial selection

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7
Q

What does artificial selection create changes in?

A

Populations of organisms

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8
Q

Why is artificial selection done?

A

To be pleasing to humans

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9
Q

What are some draw backs to artificial selection?

A

Not necessarily good for the organism ex. Pure bred dogs have increased diseases - modern tomatoes have good size, shape and color but no flavor

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10
Q

What happened in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke described the first “cells” by examining cork bark under a microscope

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11
Q

What happened in 1668?

A

Antony can Leeuwenhoek described many animal cell types I.e- blood cells, sperm cells and algae

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12
Q

What happened in the 1800’s?

A

Scientists agree that all organisms consist of cells

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13
Q

1858?

A

Darwin and Wallace release findings about evolution

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14
Q

What did Darwin wrote?

A

Origin of species

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15
Q

Life is a product of ?

A

Continuous change

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16
Q

All species arose from a

A

single common ancestor

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17
Q

Darwin developed theory of

A

Natural selection

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18
Q

Organisms with the best traits for survival have a reproductive advantage;

A

This allows them to pass their traits on to their off spring

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19
Q

What happened with cells in 1858

A

Deff if a cell was developed as well as theory

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20
Q

What’s cell theory

A

All organisms are composed of cells- all cells arise from existing cells

21
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

22
Q

Trait-

A

A distinguishing feature I an organism

23
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which individuals with certain heritable traits are better able to survive and reproduce, compared to other members of the population; process by which individuals are naturally selected

24
Q

What can nat selection occur?

A

The trait being selected for carie in the population, the trait is heritable and there is competition for survival

25
Q

What will happen to the offspring of individuals with a survival advantage?

A

They will have the same advantageous trait

26
Q

What increases from gen to gen?

A

Freq/percentage of those traits in the population

27
Q

Fitness

A

(Noun) ability to produce offspring relative to other individuals

28
Q

Adaptation (noun)

A

Heritable trait that increases fitness of a particular individual in a particular environment

29
Q

Adaptation (verb)

A

An evolutionary process; alters an organisms phenotype to enhance its ability to survive

30
Q

When will evolution by natural selection occur?

A

When a heritable variation leads to differential success in survival and reproduction

31
Q

Allele

A

Version of a gene

32
Q

Gene

A

Length of DNA that codes for a protein

33
Q

Natural selection leads to evolution In the form of

A

allele frequency

34
Q

Allele frequency

A

Total number of an allele in a gene pool /total number of all alleles in a gene pool

35
Q

Evolution by natural selection

A

Change in allele frequency in a population over time

36
Q

Total number I alleles in a pop

A

of individuals X # of alleles

37
Q

Evolution is not always brought on

A

By natural selection

38
Q

Heritable trait variation ->certain traits naturally selected for
->differential survival->

A

Differential reproduction-> evolution

39
Q

One kind of allele variation

A

Allele frequency

40
Q

What are the questions you ask to see if natural selection has occurred

A

Variation in trait?trait is heritable?was there competition for survival?variation in reproduction?was certain trait naturally selected for?did natural selection occur?

41
Q

What was lamarcks view?

A

Individuals change in response to environment (false)

42
Q

What was Darwin’s views?

A

Conditions change; individuals that have the ability to adapt->produce more offspring

43
Q

Plato?

A

Believed species were unchanging

44
Q

Aristotle

A

Great chain of being

45
Q

Carl Linnaeus

A

Came up with the naming system (genus +species)

46
Q

Thomas Robert Malthus

A

We produce far more offspring than can survive

47
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Proposed earth was still changing

48
Q

Thomas Henry Huxley

A

Darwin’s bulldog

49
Q

Who was Darwin’s mentor?

A

John Stevens henslow

50
Q

What hip did Darwin travel on

A

Hms beagle

51
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Theory of inheritance

Bio Evolution (6 decks)

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