Intro To Evolution Flashcards
What evolve?
Populations not individuals
Evolution?
Change In the heritable traits of a population over time
Evolution happens over?
The long term
What does studying evolution help us understand?
Where we came from as humans and to help us understand the natural world
Artificial selection?
The process where human brigs decide which organisms to breed in order to create desired traits
What are the most common breeds that humans artificially select?
Dogs, cattle, crops, and ornamental plants
What was popular both in Darwin’s time and today?
Artificial selection
What does artificial selection create changes in?
Populations of organisms
Why is artificial selection done?
To be pleasing to humans
What are some draw backs to artificial selection?
Not necessarily good for the organism ex. Pure bred dogs have increased diseases - modern tomatoes have good size, shape and color but no flavor
What happened in 1665?
Robert Hooke described the first “cells” by examining cork bark under a microscope
What happened in 1668?
Antony can Leeuwenhoek described many animal cell types I.e- blood cells, sperm cells and algae
What happened in the 1800’s?
Scientists agree that all organisms consist of cells
1858?
Darwin and Wallace release findings about evolution
What did Darwin wrote?
Origin of species
Life is a product of ?
Continuous change
All species arose from a
single common ancestor
Darwin developed theory of
Natural selection
Organisms with the best traits for survival have a reproductive advantage;
This allows them to pass their traits on to their off spring
What happened with cells in 1858
Deff if a cell was developed as well as theory
What’s cell theory
All organisms are composed of cells- all cells arise from existing cells
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
Trait-
A distinguishing feature I an organism
Natural selection
The process by which individuals with certain heritable traits are better able to survive and reproduce, compared to other members of the population; process by which individuals are naturally selected
What can nat selection occur?
The trait being selected for carie in the population, the trait is heritable and there is competition for survival
What will happen to the offspring of individuals with a survival advantage?
They will have the same advantageous trait
What increases from gen to gen?
Freq/percentage of those traits in the population
Fitness
(Noun) ability to produce offspring relative to other individuals
Adaptation (noun)
Heritable trait that increases fitness of a particular individual in a particular environment
Adaptation (verb)
An evolutionary process; alters an organisms phenotype to enhance its ability to survive
When will evolution by natural selection occur?
When a heritable variation leads to differential success in survival and reproduction
Allele
Version of a gene
Gene
Length of DNA that codes for a protein
Natural selection leads to evolution In the form of
allele frequency
Allele frequency
Total number of an allele in a gene pool /total number of all alleles in a gene pool
Evolution by natural selection
Change in allele frequency in a population over time
Total number I alleles in a pop
of individuals X # of alleles
Evolution is not always brought on
By natural selection
Heritable trait variation ->certain traits naturally selected for
->differential survival->
Differential reproduction-> evolution
One kind of allele variation
Allele frequency
What are the questions you ask to see if natural selection has occurred
Variation in trait?trait is heritable?was there competition for survival?variation in reproduction?was certain trait naturally selected for?did natural selection occur?
What was lamarcks view?
Individuals change in response to environment (false)
What was Darwin’s views?
Conditions change; individuals that have the ability to adapt->produce more offspring
Plato?
Believed species were unchanging
Aristotle
Great chain of being
Carl Linnaeus
Came up with the naming system (genus +species)
Thomas Robert Malthus
We produce far more offspring than can survive
Charles Lyell
Proposed earth was still changing
Thomas Henry Huxley
Darwin’s bulldog
Who was Darwin’s mentor?
John Stevens henslow
What hip did Darwin travel on
Hms beagle
Gregor Mendel
Theory of inheritance
