Quiz 2

Question 1

is a term that is used to indicate the patient’s general physical position, such as supine, prone, recumbent, or erect.

Answer 1

Position

Question 2

is used to describe specific body positions by the body part closest to the IR, such as lateral and oblique.

Answer 2

Position

Question 3

• The term position should be

Answer 3

“restricted to discussion of the patient’s physical position.”

Question 4

is a correct positioning term that describes or refers to the path or direction of the central ray (CR), projecting an image onto an image receptor (IR).

Answer 4

Projection

Question 5

• The term projection should be

Answer 5

“restricted to discussion of the path of the central ray.

Question 6

Describes the body part as seen by the IR or other recording medium, such as a fluoroscopic screen.

Answer 6

View

Question 7

• In the United States, the term view should be

Answer 7

“restricted to discussion of a radiograph or image.”

Question 8

Evaluation Criteria Format

Answer 8

1. Anatomy demonstrated
2. Position
3. Exposure

Question 9

Two types of markers:

Answer 9

Patient Identification
Anatomic side markers

Question 10

Markers that are used for special comparison PA projections of the chest.

Answer 10

Inspiration (INSP) and expiration (EXP) markers

Question 11

Markers that can be used for rotation projections, such as for the proximal humerus and shoulder.

Answer 11

Internal (INT) and external (EXT) markers

Question 12

are defined as projections commonly taken on patients who can cooperate fully.

Answer 12

Routine projections

Question 13

These are defined as projections most commonly taken to demonstrate better specific anatomic parts or certain pathologic conditions or projections that may be necessary for patients who cannot cooperate fully.

Answer 13

Special Projections

Question 14

Three reasons for this general rule of a minimum of two projections are as follows:

Answer 14

1. Superimposition of anatomic structures
2. Localization of lesions or foreign bodies
3. Determination of alignment of fractures

Question 15

refers to the process of applying light pressure with the fingertips directly on the patient to locate positioning landmarks.

Answer 15

Palpation

Question 16

is the distance from the anode focal spot inside the x-ray tube to the IR.

Answer 16

Source–to–image receptor distance (SID)

Question 17

Directly affects magnification of the anatomy on the image, the spatial resolution, and the dose to the patient.

Answer 17

SID

Question 18

The distance between the focal spot of the radiography tube and the skin of the patient is termed the

Answer 18

source–to–skin distance (SSD).

Question 19

The beam of radiation must be restricted to irradiate only the anatomy of interest.
This restriction of the x-ray beam is called

Answer 19

collimation

Question 20

The three types of muscular tissue that affect motion are the following:

Answer 20

1. Smooth(involuntary)
2. Cardiac (involuntary)
3. Striated (voluntary)

Question 21

The rhythmic action of the muscular tissue of the alimentary tract, called _____, is normally more active in the stomach (about three or four waves per minute) and gradually diminishes along the intestine.

Answer 21

peristalsis

Question 22

are composed of striated muscular tissue and are controlled by the central nervous system.

Answer 22

voluntary, or skeletal, muscles

Question 23

A thin radiolucent mattress, called a ____, may be placed on the radiographic table to reduce movement related to patient discomfort caused by lying on the hard surface.

Answer 23

table pad

Question 24

This device is used to measure the thick- ness of body parts to ensure that accurate and consistent exposure factors are used.

Answer 24

Caliper

Question 25

is essential when radiosensitive organs, such as the thyroid gland, breasts, and gonads, are in or near the useful beam and the use of such shielding does not interfere with the objectives of the examination.

Answer 25

Specific area shielding

Question 26

The most common and most important area shielding is ____, which significantly lowers the dose to the reproductive organs.

Answer 26

gonadal shielding

Question 27

, which are attached to the collimator, are placed between the x-ray tube and the patient and cast a shadow on the patient when the collimator light is turned on.

Answer 27

Shadow shields

Question 28

are used most commonly for patients in recumbent positions.

Answer 28

Flat gonadal contact shields

Question 29

are placed over the gonadal area to attenuate scatter or leakage radiation or both.

Answer 29

Vinyl-covered lead shields

Question 30

The radiographer can control voluntary patient motion on images by doing the following:

Answer 30

1. Givingclearinstructions
2. Providing patient comfort
3. Adjusting support devices
4. Applying immobilization

Question 31

Two types of shield

Answer 31

Shadow & Contact Shield

Question 32

This restriction of the x-ray beam, called collimation, serves two purposes.

Answer 32

1. Minimizes the amount of radiation to the patient by
   restricting exposure to essential anatomy only.
2. Reduces the amount of scatter radiation that can reach the IR, which reduces the potential for a reduction in
   contrast resolution.