Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Rad Posi 1 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Projections/Positions

A

-Axial Projection (Plantodorsal)
-Axial Projection (Dorsoplantar)
-Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearing Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection
-Lateral Projection (Mediolateral)
-Weight-Bearing Method (Lateromedial) Oblique Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Central Ray for axial projection (plantodorsal)

A

Entrance: 3rd MT base
Angulation: 40° cephalad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection that will show the calcaneus and subtalar joint?

A

Axial Projection (Plantodorsal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
In axial projection (plantodorsal), the leg is ___, ____ foot with strip of gauze, and foot ____ to IR.

A

fully extended, dorsiflex, perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What is the central ray for Axial Projection (dorsoplantar)

A

Entrance: Dorsal surface of ankle joint Angulation: 40° caudad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will best show the calcaneus, subtalar joint &
sustentaculum tali

A

Axial Projection (dorsoplantar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Axial projection (dorsoplantar)

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Ankle ____
  • ____ ankle
  • foot ___ to IR
  • IR ___
A

prone, elevated, dorsiflex, perpendicular, vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What is the central ray for Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearin g Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

A

Entrance: Level of 5* MT base
Angulation: 45° anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneotalar coalition

A

Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearin g Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearing Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

  • Upright
    Part Position:
  • Posterior surface of heel at ____ of IR
  • opposite foot one
    step ___
A

edge, forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Central ray for Lateral Projection (Mediolateral)

A

Entrance: 1 in distal to medial malleolus Angulation: Perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneus & ankle joint

A

Lateral Projection (mediolateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Lateral Projection (mediolateral)

-___
Part Position:
- Patient turn toward ____ side
- plantar surface ___ to IR

A

Supine, affected, parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus

Central ray for Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

A

Entrance: Lateral malleolus
Angulation: 45° caudad (medialy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Useful in diagnosing stress fractures of calcaneus or tuberosity

A

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneal tuberosity

A

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anatomy: Calcaneus

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Leg ____ to IR
  • calcaneus ___ to IR
A

Upright, perpendicular, center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
Projections/ Positions

A

-Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

-Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

-Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

-Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

-Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
Central Ray for Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

A

Entrance: 1 in. distal & 1 in. anterior to lateral malleolus
Angulation: perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
What projection will show the Anterior subtalar articulation

A

Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • foot & leg rotated ___
  • knee flexed
A

semi supine, 45° medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Central Ray for Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

A

Entrance: 1 in. distal & 1 in. anterior to lateral malleolus
Angulation: 10° cephalad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

What projection will show the Middle subtalar articulation &
“end on” projection of sinus tarsi

A

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

  • Seated or semi-lateral
    recumbent (more
    comfortable)
    Part Position:
  • Leg, foot & ankle rotated ____
  • dorsiflex foot
A

30° medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Central ray for Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

A

Entrance: 1 in. distal medial malleolus Angulation: 10° cephalad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

What projection will show the Posterior subtalar articulation

A

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

  • Supine/seated
    Part Position:
  • Leg, foot & ankle rotated ____
  • dorsiflex foot
A

30° laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Central ray for Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A

Entrance: 2-3 cm to lateral malleolus Angulation: 10°, 20°, 30°г 40° cephalad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

What projection will show the
- Posterior articulation
- Anterior portion (40°)
- Posterior portion (10°)
- Talus & sustentaculum
tali articulation (20-30°)

A

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

  • Supine
    Part Position:
  • leg & foot rotated ____
  • dorsiflex foot
  • foot rested against
    ___ foam wedge
A

45° medially, 45°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Central Ray for Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

A

Entrance: 2 cm distal & 2 cm anterior to medial malleolus
Angulation: 15° cephalad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar joint

What projection will show the Posterior articulation

A

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

  • Supine
    Part Position:
  • Leg & foot rotated ___
  • dorsiflex foot
  • foot rested against
    ____ foam wedge
A

45° laterally, 45°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This projection is to determine the presence of joint involvement in cases of comminuted fx

A

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Anatomy: Ankle
Projections/ Positions

A

-AP Projection
-Lateral Projection Mediolateral
-Lateral Projection Lateromedial
-AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)
-AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)
-Stress Method AP Projection
-Weight Bearing Method
AP Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anatomy: Ankle

Central Ray for AP Projection

A

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Anatomy: Ankle

What projection will show the ankle joint & tibiotalar joint space

A

Ap Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Ap Projection

  • Supine
    Part Position:
  • Leg & foot vertical & rotated ___ (places malleoli equidistant)
A

5° medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

A

Entrance: Medial malleolus
Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Anatomy: ankle

What projection will show the

  • True lateral projection of
    lower third of tibia & fibula, ankle joint & tarsals
  • 5th metatarsal base (identify
    Jones fx)
A

Lateral Projection Mediolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Anatomy: ankle joint

Lateral Projection Mediolateral

  • Semisupine
    Part Position:
  • ___ surface of foot against IR
  • dorsiflex foot
A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Central Ray for Lateral Projection Lateromedial

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. superior to lateral malleolus
Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Anatomy: ankle
What projection will show the
- Lateral projection of lower third of tibia & fibula, ankle joint & tarsals

A

Lateral Projection Lateromedial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Lateral Projection Lateromedial

  • Semisupine
    Part Position:
  • ___ surface of foot against IR
  • dorsiflex foot
A

Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Anatomy: ankle

What projection will show

  • Distal ends of tibia, fibula &
    talus; tibiofibular articulation; mortise joints
A

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Anatomy: ankle

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

  • Supine
    Part Position:
  • Leg & foot rotated ___;
    ___[foot - to demonstrate bony structure
  • Leg & foot rotated ___ medially;
    intermalleolar line ____ to IR - to demonstrate mortise joint
A

45° medially, dorsiflex, 15-20°, parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Centtal Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

A

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Anatomy: ankle

What projection will show Superior aspect of calcaneus

A

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Purpose: Useful in determining fractures

A

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Anatomy: ankle

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

  • Supine
    Part Position:
  • Leg & foot rotated ____
  • dorsiflex foot
A

45° laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Central Ray for Stress Method AP Projection

A

Entrance: Ankle joint Angulation: Perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Anatomy: ankle

What projection that will evaluate the presence of ligamentous tear & joint separation

A

Stress Method AP Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Anatomy: ankle
Stress Method AP Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Foot forcibly turned toward the opposite side
    -____ stress to joint
A

Seated, inversion & eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Anatomy: Ankle

Central Ray for Weight Bearing Method
AP Projection

A

Entrance: Midway at level of ankle joint Angulation: Horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Anatomy: ankle

Weight Bearing Method
AP Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • ___ against the IR; IR ___
  • toes pointing toward the ___
A

Upright, Heels, vertical, x-ray tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Purpose: Identify ankle joint space narrowing; side-to-side comparison of joint

A

Weight Bearing Method
AP Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Anatomy: Leg
Projections/ Positions

A

AP Projection
Lateral Projection Mediolateral
AP Oblique Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Anatomy: Leg
Central Ray for AP Projection

A

Entrance: Midshaft
Angulation: Perpendicular

60
Q

Anatomy: Leg
What projection will show the
- Tibia & fibula
- ankle & knee joints

A

AP Projection, Lateral Projection Mediolateral, AP Oblique Projection

61
Q

Anatomy: Leg

AP Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Femoral condyles ___ to IR; foot in vertical position
A

Supine, parallel

62
Q

Anatomy: Leg
Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

A

Entrance: Midshaft
Angulation: Perpendicular

63
Q

Anatomy: Leg

Lateral Projection Mediolateral

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Patella ____ to IR
  • femoral condyles __ to IR
A

Supine; RPO/LPO, perpendicular, perpendicular

64
Q

Anatomy: Leg
Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection

A

Entrance: Midshaft
Angulation: Perpendicular

65
Q

Anatomy: Leg

AP Oblique Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Leg & foot rotated ___
A

Supine, 45° medially or
laterally

66
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Projections/ Positions

A

•AP Projection
•PA Projection
•Lateral Projection Mediolateral
•AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)
•AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)
•Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber
•Rosenberg Method
PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

67
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central ray for AP Projection

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation:dependin g on the measurement between ASIS & table top
- 3-5°caudad (<19 cm; thin pelvis)
- perpendicular (19-24 cm)
- 3-5°cephalad (>24 cm; large pelvis)

68
Q

Anatomy: Knee
What projection will show the knee joint space

A

AP Projection
PA Projection
Lateral Projection Mediolateral
Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

69
Q

Anatomy: Knee
AP Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Femoral epicondyles ___ to IR
  • leg ____ (places interepicondylar
    line parallel to IR)
A

Supine, parallel, 5° inward

70
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for PA Projection

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: 5-7°caudad

71
Q

Anatomy: Knee
PA Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • femoral epicondyles ___ to IR
  • leg ___ (places interepicondylar
    line parallel to IR)
A

Prone, parallel, 5 degree inward

72
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

A

Entrance: 1 in. distal to medial epicondyle Angulation: 5-7° cephalad

73
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Lateral Projection Mediolateral

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed ____ (relax muscle &
    shows maximum volume of joint cavity) or flexed <10° (for new or unhealed patellar fx)
  • femoral epicondyles ____ to IR
A

Lateral recumbent, 20-30°, perpendicular

74
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: depending on the measurement between ASIS & table top
- 3-5°caudad (<19 cm)
- Perpendicular (19-24 cm)
- 3-5°cephalad (>24 cm)

75
Q

Anatomy: Knee
What projection will show the Proximal tibiofibular joint; fibular head

A

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

76
Q

Anatomy: Knee

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • leg rotated ____
  • hip of a ffected side ___
A

Supine, 45° medially, elevated

77
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

A

Entrance: 0.5 in inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: 5o cephalad

78
Q

Anatomy: Knee
What projection will show the - Tibial plateaus - medial femoral & tibial condyles

A

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

79
Q

Anatomy: Knee

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Leg rotated ___
  • hip of ____ side elevated
A

Supine, 45° medially, unaff ected

80
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: Horizontal

81
Q

Purpose:
- To reveal narrowing of
knee joint space
- To evaluate varus & valgus
deformities & degenerative joint disease

A

Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

82
Q

Anatomy: Knee

Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Knee fully ___ - weight equally
    distributed on both
    feet
  • IR ___
A

Upright, extended, vertical

83
Q

Anatomy: Knee
Central Ray for Rosenberg Method
PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: Horizontal or 10° caudad

84
Q

Purpose: Useful for evaluating joint space narrowing & demonstrating articular cartilage disease

A

Rosenberg Method
PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

85
Q

Anatomy: Knee

Rosenberg Method
PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Facing vertical IR - anterior surface of
    flexed knee against IR
  • femur ____ to IR
A

Upright, 45°

86
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa
Projections/ Positions

A

•Holmblad Method
PA Axial Projection Tunnel View
•Camp-Coventr y Method
PA Axial Projection
•Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

87
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa
Central Ray for Holmblad Method
PA Axial Projection Tunnel View

A

Entrance: Popliteal depression
Angulation: Perpendicular

88
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa

Holmblad Method
PA Axial Projection Tunnel View

Part Position:
- Anterior surface of knee against IR;
knee ____ from IR (20° di erence from CR)

89
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa

Central Ray for Camp-Coventry Method
PA Axial Projection

A

Entrance: Popliteal depression
Angulation: 40° (knee flexed 40o) or 50° (knee flexed 50°) caudally

90
Q

Anatomy: Popliteal depression

Camp-Coventry Method
PA Axial Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed ___ from IR
  • femur against IR
  • with support under
    foot
A

Prone, 40-50°

91
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa
Central Ray for Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

A

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex
Angulation: Perpendicular to long axis of lower leg

92
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa
What projection will show the - Intercondylar fossa,
intercondylar eminence, knee joint & tibial plateau

A

Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

93
Q

Anatomy: Intercondylar fossa

Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed
  • femur ___ to long
    axis of tibia
  • curved cassette
A

Supine, 60°

94
Q

Purpose:
- To detect loose bodies
“joint mice
- To evaluate split &
displaced cartilage in
osteochondritis
- To evaluate flattening or
underdevelopment of lateral femoral condyles in congenital slipped patella

A

Camp-Coventr y Method
PA Axial Projection

95
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Positions/ Projections

A

•PA Projection
•PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)
•PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)
•Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)
•Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)
•Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)
•Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

96
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central Ray for PA Projection

A
  • Perpendicular to the mid popliteal
    area exiting the patella
97
Q

Anatomy: Patella
What projection that will show medial portion of patella free of femur

A

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

98
Q

_____ projection of the patella
provides sharper recorded detail than in the AP projection because of a closer object-to-image receptor distance (aID)

99
Q

Anatomy: Patella
PA Projection

-___
Part Position:
- Center the IR to the patella.
- Adjust the position of the leg to place
the patella parallel with the plane of the IR. This usually requires that the heel be rotated _____

A

Prone, 5 to 10 degrees laterally

100
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central Ray for PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A

Entrance: Patella
Angulation: Perpendicular

101
Q

Anatomy: Patella

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

-___
Part Position:
- Knee flexed ____; knee ____

A

Prone, 5-10°, 45-55°
medially

102
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central ray for PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

A

Entrance: Patella
Angulation: Perpendicular

103
Q

Anatomy: Patella
What projection that will show the Lateral portion of patella free of femur

A

PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

104
Q

Anatomy: Patella

PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

  • ___
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed ___; knee ____
A

Prone, 5-10°, 45-55°
laterally

105
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central Ray for Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Entrance: Patellofemoral joint
Angulation: 45° cephalad

106
Q

Anatomy: Patella
What projection that will show the Patella; patellofemoral joint

A

Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)

Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

107
Q

Purpose:
- To demonstrate subluxation of patella & patellar fx
- It allows assessment of femoral condyles

A

Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)

108
Q

Anatomy: Patella

Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)
_____
Part Position:
- Anterior surface of knee against IR;
knee flexed _____; foot rested against collimator/support

A

Prone, 50-60°

109
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central Ray for Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Entrance: Midway between patellae at level of patellofemoral joint
Angulation: 30° caudad from horizontal

110
Q

Anatomy: Patella
What projection that will show the Femoral condyle; intercondylar sulcus & magnified non distorted patellae

A

Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)

111
Q

Anatomy: Patella

Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)

-__
Part Position:
- Both knee flexed ____ or between ___(to demonstrate various patellar disorders)
- IR resting on patient’s shins; uses IR holding device & axial viewer device

A

Supine, 40, 30-90°

112
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central ray of Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Entrance: Joint space between patella & femoral condyles
Angulation:
- Perpendicular (if joint is
perpendicular);
- 15-20 cephalad (if joint isn’t
perpendicular)
- Angulation
depends on knee flexion

113
Q

Disadvantage: extreme flexion
Purpose:
- Useful for demonstrating
vertical & transverse fx of patella
- Useful for investigating articulating surfaces of patellofemoral articulation

A

Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

114
Q

Anatomy: Patella

Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

  • ____ (preferable);
    Part Position:
  • Knee acutely flexed until patella
    perpendicular to IR
  • loop bandage
    around ankle or foot to hold the leg in position
A

Supine or prone

115
Q

Anatomy: Patella
Central Ray for Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

A

Entrance: Patellofemoral joint
Angulation: 30° from horizontal

116
Q

Purpose:
- Joint space between patella & femoral condyles

A

Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

117
Q

Anatomy: Patella

Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyline View

-____
Part Position:
- Knee flexed ___

A

Supine/Sitting, 40-45°

118
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Projections/Positions

A

•AP/AP Axial Projection
•PA Projection
•AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)
•AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)
•PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)
•Lateral Projection (Lateromedial/ Mediolateral)

119
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Central Ray of AP/AP Axial Projection

A

Perpendicular or 15° posteriorly
entering the 3rd MTP joint

120
Q

Anatomy: Toes
What projection that shows the Phalanges & distal portion of metatarsals

A

AP/AP Axial Projection

121
Q

Anatomy: Toes

AP/AP Axial Projection

-____
Part Position:
- Knee flexed; ____ foam wedge under foot

A

Supine/Seated, 15 degrees

122
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Central Ray for PA Projection

A
  • Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint
123
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Structures shown:

IP joint spaces are well
visualized

A

PA Projection

124
Q

Anatomy: Toes

PA Projection

Patient Position:
- ____ (IP joints parallel to Central
Ray Angulation); dorsal aspect against IR

125
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A

Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint

126
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Structures shown:

  • 2nd-5th MTP joint spaces;
  • 1st-2nd toes
  • 1st (not always opened)
A

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

127
Q

Anatomy: Anatomy Toes

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed; lower leg & foot rotated
    medially ____
A

Supine/seated, 30-45°

128
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

A

Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint

129
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Structures shown:

4th-5th toes

A

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

130
Q

Anatomy: Toes

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Knee flexed; lower leg & foot rotated
    ____
A

Supine/seated, laterally 30-45°

131
Q

Anatomy: Toes

Central Ray for PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

A
  • Perpendicular to the MTJ
132
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Structures Shown:

  • Toes and the distal portion of
    the metatarsals
    rotated laterally
  • 2nd through 5th
    MTJ
  • 1st (not always
    opened)
A

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

133
Q

Anatomy: Toes

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

  • ____
    Part Position:
  • Ball of the foot forms an angle of
    approximately ___ to the horizontal, or have the patient rest the foot against a foam wedge or sandbag.
  • Center the IR half to the third ___, and adjust it so that its midline is parallel with the long axis of the foot.
A

Lateral recumbent, 30°, MTJ

134
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Central Ray for Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral)

A
  • Perpendicular to (IP) joint of great
    toe
  • Perpendicular to
    proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of a ected toe (2nd - 5th)
135
Q

Anatomy: Toes
Structures Shown:

Lateral projection of the
phalanges of the toe and IP articulations free of other toes

A

Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral)

136
Q

Anatomy: Toes

Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral)

________

A

Lateral recumbent

137
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid
Projections/ Positions

A

Lewis Method (Tangential Projection)

Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

138
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid
Central Ray for Lewis Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Perpendicular and tangential to 1st
MTP joint

139
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid
Structures shown:

Tangential projection of the
metatarsal head in profile and the sesamoids

A

Lewis Method (Tangential Projection)

Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

140
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid

Lewis Method (Tangential Projection)

  • ______ (uncomfortable and often painful)
    Part Position:
  • Dorsiflex and rest great toe on table
  • Ball of foot perpendicular to the horizontal place
  • Plantar surface of foot forms about
    ____ angle from
    vertical
  • Elevate ____
    ankle on sandbags
    (if needed)
  • IR centered to ___
A

Prone, 15°-20°, a ffected, 2nd
metatarsal

141
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid
Central Ray for Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Perpendicular and tangential to 1st
MTP joint

142
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid

Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

  • ____ (more comfortable for the
    patient)
  • Elevate affected ankle on sandbags
    (if needed)
    Part Position:
  • Dorsiflex and rest great toe on table
  • Adjust foot so that medial border is
    vertical
  • Plantar surface form an angle of ____ with plane of film
A

Seated, 75 degrees

143
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid

Central Ray for Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

A

Prominence of the MTJ at 40° toward
the heel

144
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid
Structures Shown:

  • Sesamoid bones projected
    axiolaterally with a slight overlap
A

Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

145
Q

Anatomy: Sesamoid

Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

  • ____ on una ffected side
    Part Position:
  • Limb partially extended
  • Foot in ____ position
  • First MTJ
    perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the IR
A

Lateral recumbent, lateral

Rad Posi 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions