Quiz 2 Flashcards
What are functions of the cell wall?
Protects the cell from osmotic lysis
Helps determine shape of the cell
Protects against toxic substances
Active site for several antibiotics
The cell wall is an active site for several antibiotics, what are they?
Penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin
The distinction of gram positive and gram negative is based off of what?
Gram strain reaction and the differences in cell wall structure
Gram + characteristics
No outer membrane
Thick cell wall (4-25 sheets)
Contains teichoic Acids
Lipoteichoic anchored in all membranes
Gram negative (-) characteristics
Most of the wall is outer membrane
Thin cell wall
The walls of cells of bacteria contain a ridged polysaccharide called?
Peptidoglycan
What does peptidoglycan do?
Confers structural strength on the cell
Peptidoglycan is composed of alternating repeats of two modified glucose residues called?
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
What is the order of the gram positive Peptidoglycan?
NAM
L-Alanine
D-glutamic acid-NH2
L-Lysine
D-Alanine
Crossbridge from L-lysine to D-alanine
L-lysine
D- glutamic acid -NH2
L-alanine
NAM
Peptidoglycan can be destroyed by what enzyme?
Lysozymes
How does lysozymes destroy Peptidoglycan?
Cleaves the glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. Which weakens the Peptidoglycan and can cause cell lysis
Where are lipoteichoic acids found?
Lipoteichoic acids are Covalently bonded to membrane lipids. Found in gram positive bacteria
What phylum are gram positive found in?
Firmicutes
What phylum are gram negative bacteria found in?
Proteobacteria
Where is group translocation primarily found?
Bacteria
Siderophores
Help get iron into the cell.
Why is the uptake of iron made difficult?
Because of the extreme insolubility of iron.
Group translocation differs from simple transport in what two ways?
The transported substance is chemically modified during transport process.
Energy rich organic compounds drives transport event.
In group translocation, Is having a mutation in enzyme 1 worse than In enzyme 2?
Yes, having a mutation in enzyme 1 is worse because the mutation wold be taking all the sugars options meaning no energy in that enzyme.
What is group translocation driven by?
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
What enzyme receives PEP in group translocation?
Enzyme 1
In group translocation, What enzyme is dependent on the sugar brought in?
Enzyme 2
