Micro lab exam 1

Question 1

sponification refers to the making of soap and involves a ______ promoted ________ hydrolysis reaction

Answer 1

base, ester

Question 2

Why do soap molecules form a soap micelle?

Answer 2

Soap is made of pin-shaped molecules, each of which has a hydrophilic head — it readily bonds with water — and a hydrophobic tail, which shuns water and prefers to link up with oils and fats.

Question 3

the making of soap

Answer 3

saponification

Question 4

What chemical does antibacterial soap contain?

Answer 4

triclosan

Question 5

what does triclosan do?

Answer 5

kills most bacteria inhibiting type 2 fatty acid synthesis

Question 6

what hormones does triclosan alter?

Answer 6

thyroid hormones

Question 7

what are some concerns about using triclosan

Answer 7

antibiotic resistance
cancer-dioxin like compounds (caused by environment snd UV)

Question 8

what percent of streams were tested positive for triclosan?

Answer 8

57.6%

Question 9

What diseases does hand sanitizer kill?

Answer 9

Cryptosporidium, Horovirus, C. diff

Question 10

vaccine

Answer 10

The presentation of a weakened/ dead virus or bacteria to our immune system to help teach our immune system what to look for in terms of disease.

Question 11

what are the 4 types of vaccines?

Answer 11

attenuated, inactivated, subunit/recombinant, DNA/mRNA

Question 12

attenuated vaccine characteristics

Answer 12

weakened form of virus/ bacteria (still alive) that mimic the infection

Question 13

subunit/recombinant vaccine characteristics

Answer 13

uses a piece of the pathogen
don’t need boosters just pair it with another vaccine.

Question 14

inactivated vaccine characteristics

Answer 14

killed version
no active replication
lower response so requires boosters

Question 15

DNA/mRNA vaccine characteristics

Answer 15

covid vaccines
cheaper

Question 16

media

Answer 16

nutrient preparation that provides a favorable envionrment for growth

Question 17

what are the 3 forms of media?

Answer 17

liquid/broth cultures
solid
semi solid

Question 18

what is solid media used for?

Answer 18

observe colony characteristics
maintain cultures
isolate pure cultures

Question 19

What is semi-solid media used for?

Answer 19

motility

Question 20

what is liquid/ broth culture media used for?

Answer 20

when you want to grow a large number of organisms

Question 21

what two types of solid media preparations?

Answer 21

plate- used for observation and isolation of pure culture
tube (agar slants)- maintain cultures

Question 22

who proposed to use agar to solidify media plates?

Answer 22

fanni hesse

Question 23

where does agar come from?

Answer 23

complex carbohydrate that is extracted from red algae

Question 24

what percent total volume of agar is used?

Answer 24

1.5% total volume or 15g/L

Question 25

what are the two types of nutrient preparation for media?

Answer 25

synthetic
complex

Question 26

characteristics of synthetic nutrient prep

Answer 26

completely chemically defined
app specific amounts of nutrients

Question 27

characteristics of complex nutrient prep

Answer 27

contains one component that is undefined like peptone, tryptone, and extracts(meat and yeast)

Question 28

sterilization

Answer 28

completely removes/destroys all viable microorganisms

Question 29

what are the two types of sterilization in the autoclave?

Answer 29

steam
dry heat

Question 30

which type of heat sterilization is quicker?

Answer 30

steam

Question 31

turbid

Answer 31

uniform cloudy growth

Question 32

sediment growth

Answer 32

growth at the bottom only

Question 33

pellicle growth

Answer 33

growth floating at the top

Question 34

flocculent growth

Answer 34

occurs in clumps suspended within the broth

Question 35

all purpose media

Answer 35

designed to grow a wide range of media (ex. nutrient agar, tryptic soy)

Question 36

selective media

Answer 36

chemically designed to grow some genera but not others (dyes, antibiotic, salts)

Question 37

differential media

Answer 37

designed to distinguish between growth characteristics of different genera/ species

Question 38

COVID19 vaccine includes two components: mRNA that codes for ____________ and a ___________

Answer 38

glycoprotein splice, lipid nanoparticle