Micro lab exam 1 Flashcards
sponification refers to the making of soap and involves a ______ promoted ________ hydrolysis reaction
base, ester
Why do soap molecules form a soap micelle?
Soap is made of pin-shaped molecules, each of which has a hydrophilic head — it readily bonds with water — and a hydrophobic tail, which shuns water and prefers to link up with oils and fats.
the making of soap
saponification
What chemical does antibacterial soap contain?
triclosan
what does triclosan do?
kills most bacteria inhibiting type 2 fatty acid synthesis
what hormones does triclosan alter?
thyroid hormones
what are some concerns about using triclosan
antibiotic resistance
cancer-dioxin like compounds (caused by environment snd UV)
what percent of streams were tested positive for triclosan?
57.6%
What diseases does hand sanitizer kill?
Cryptosporidium, Horovirus, C. diff
vaccine
The presentation of a weakened/ dead virus or bacteria to our immune system to help teach our immune system what to look for in terms of disease.
what are the 4 types of vaccines?
attenuated, inactivated, subunit/recombinant, DNA/mRNA
attenuated vaccine characteristics
weakened form of virus/ bacteria (still alive) that mimic the infection
subunit/recombinant vaccine characteristics
uses a piece of the pathogen
don’t need boosters just pair it with another vaccine.
inactivated vaccine characteristics
killed version
no active replication
lower response so requires boosters
DNA/mRNA vaccine characteristics
covid vaccines
cheaper
media
nutrient preparation that provides a favorable envionrment for growth
what are the 3 forms of media?
liquid/broth cultures
solid
semi solid
what is solid media used for?
observe colony characteristics
maintain cultures
isolate pure cultures
What is semi-solid media used for?
motility
what is liquid/ broth culture media used for?
when you want to grow a large number of organisms
what two types of solid media preparations?
plate- used for observation and isolation of pure culture
tube (agar slants)- maintain cultures
who proposed to use agar to solidify media plates?
fanni hesse
where does agar come from?
complex carbohydrate that is extracted from red algae
what percent total volume of agar is used?
1.5% total volume or 15g/L
what are the two types of nutrient preparation for media?
synthetic
complex
characteristics of synthetic nutrient prep
completely chemically defined
app specific amounts of nutrients
characteristics of complex nutrient prep
contains one component that is undefined like peptone, tryptone, and extracts(meat and yeast)
sterilization
completely removes/destroys all viable microorganisms
what are the two types of sterilization in the autoclave?
steam
dry heat
which type of heat sterilization is quicker?
steam
turbid
uniform cloudy growth
sediment growth
growth at the bottom only
pellicle growth
growth floating at the top
flocculent growth
occurs in clumps suspended within the broth
all purpose media
designed to grow a wide range of media (ex. nutrient agar, tryptic soy)
selective media
chemically designed to grow some genera but not others (dyes, antibiotic, salts)
differential media
designed to distinguish between growth characteristics of different genera/ species
COVID19 vaccine includes two components: mRNA that codes for ____________ and a ___________
glycoprotein splice, lipid nanoparticle
