Micro lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sponification refers to the making of soap and involves a ______ promoted ________ hydrolysis reaction

A

base, ester

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2
Q

Why do soap molecules form a soap micelle?

A

Soap is made of pin-shaped molecules, each of which has a hydrophilic head — it readily bonds with water — and a hydrophobic tail, which shuns water and prefers to link up with oils and fats.

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3
Q

the making of soap

A

saponification

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4
Q

What chemical does antibacterial soap contain?

A

triclosan

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5
Q

what does triclosan do?

A

kills most bacteria inhibiting type 2 fatty acid synthesis

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6
Q

what hormones does triclosan alter?

A

thyroid hormones

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7
Q

what are some concerns about using triclosan

A

antibiotic resistance
cancer-dioxin like compounds (caused by environment snd UV)

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8
Q

what percent of streams were tested positive for triclosan?

A

57.6%

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9
Q

What diseases does hand sanitizer kill?

A

Cryptosporidium, Horovirus, C. diff

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10
Q

vaccine

A

The presentation of a weakened/ dead virus or bacteria to our immune system to help teach our immune system what to look for in terms of disease.

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11
Q

what are the 4 types of vaccines?

A

attenuated, inactivated, subunit/recombinant, DNA/mRNA

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12
Q

attenuated vaccine characteristics

A

weakened form of virus/ bacteria (still alive) that mimic the infection

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13
Q

subunit/recombinant vaccine characteristics

A

uses a piece of the pathogen
don’t need boosters just pair it with another vaccine.

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14
Q

inactivated vaccine characteristics

A

killed version
no active replication
lower response so requires boosters

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15
Q

DNA/mRNA vaccine characteristics

A

covid vaccines
cheaper

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16
Q

media

A

nutrient preparation that provides a favorable envionrment for growth

17
Q

what are the 3 forms of media?

A

liquid/broth cultures
solid
semi solid

18
Q

what is solid media used for?

A

observe colony characteristics
maintain cultures
isolate pure cultures

19
Q

What is semi-solid media used for?

20
Q

what is liquid/ broth culture media used for?

A

when you want to grow a large number of organisms

21
Q

what two types of solid media preparations?

A

plate- used for observation and isolation of pure culture
tube (agar slants)- maintain cultures

22
Q

who proposed to use agar to solidify media plates?

A

fanni hesse

23
Q

where does agar come from?

A

complex carbohydrate that is extracted from red algae

24
Q

what percent total volume of agar is used?

A

1.5% total volume or 15g/L

25
what are the two types of nutrient preparation for media?
synthetic complex
26
characteristics of synthetic nutrient prep
completely chemically defined app specific amounts of nutrients
27
characteristics of complex nutrient prep
contains one component that is undefined like peptone, tryptone, and extracts(meat and yeast)
28
sterilization
completely removes/destroys all viable microorganisms
29
what are the two types of sterilization in the autoclave?
steam dry heat
30
which type of heat sterilization is quicker?
steam
31
turbid
uniform cloudy growth
32
sediment growth
growth at the bottom only
33
pellicle growth
growth floating at the top
34
flocculent growth
occurs in clumps suspended within the broth
35
all purpose media
designed to grow a wide range of media (ex. nutrient agar, tryptic soy)
36
selective media
chemically designed to grow some genera but not others (dyes, antibiotic, salts)
37
differential media
designed to distinguish between growth characteristics of different genera/ species
38
COVID19 vaccine includes two components: mRNA that codes for ____________ and a ___________
glycoprotein splice, lipid nanoparticle
39