Anticeptics and Disinfections

Question 1

disinfectant

Answer 1

Antimicrobial agent that is intended to be used on inanimate objects

Question 2

antiseptic

Answer 2

Antimicrobial agent that is intended to be used on living tissue

Question 3

what are examples of phenolic groups

Answer 3

cresol, xylenols or thiophenyl phenols

Question 4

what do phenolic groups do?

Answer 4

denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes

Question 5

what are examples of alcohols?

Answer 5

ethanols, isopropanol (60-70%)

Question 6

what do alcohol groups do?

Answer 6

denature proteins and dissolve membrane lipids

Question 7

what are examples of halogens?

Answer 7

iodine and chloride

Question 8

what does the halogen iodine do?

Answer 8

oxidizes cell components and found in tincture structures

Question 9

tincture

Answer 9

2% or more iodine in a water ethanol solution of potassium iodide.

Question 10

idophors

Answer 10

preparation containing iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent that is water soluable and nonstaining

Question 11

what are forms of chlorine?

Answer 11

chlorine gas, sodium hypochroide, calcuim hypochlorite (hypochlorous acid)

Question 12

examples of heavy metals

Answer 12

mercury, arsenic, zinc, silver, copper

Question 13

forms of silver

Answer 13

silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, silver ions

Question 14

what is silver used for/ traits?

Answer 14

helps with infections and has multiple targets

Question 15

what are silvers targets?

Answer 15

cell wall. cell membrane, crosslinking proteins, and dispupting nucleic acids

Question 16

what is an example of a Quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer 16

detergents

Question 17

amphipathic

Answer 17

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

Question 18

are detergents amphipathic?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what are examples of aldehydes?

Answer 19

formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde

Question 20

what are requirements anitseptics have to meet?

Answer 20

reasonable cost
colorless
odorless
solubility
stability
effectiveness against bacteria

Question 21

what is a mechanism for studying effectiveness against bacteria?

Answer 21

phenol coefficient

Question 22

how is the phenol coefficient calculated?

Answer 22

highest dilution of agent that kills after 10 minutes divided BY highest dilution of phenol that kills in 10 minutes.

Question 23

how do you interpret the results of the phenol coefficient?

Answer 23

greater than –> agent is more effective
equal to 1 –> just as effective
less than 1 –> not as effective a phenol

Question 24

antibiotic

Answer 24

a group of compounds originally produced by the metabolic reactions of microorganisms that kill or inhibit the multiplication of other microbes.

Question 25

what are the most common genus of bacteria that have produced a good amount of antibiotics we use today?

Answer 25

streptomyces and bacillus

Question 26

traits of antibiotics

Answer 26

selectively toxic

Question 27

what does antibiotic resistance come down to?

Answer 27

genetics

Question 28

what are 5 things that make bacteria resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 28

-organisms lacks the target
-organisms is impermiable to the antibiotic
-organism can alter the antibiotic making it inactive.
-alters the target of the antibiotic
-organisms can pump out the antibiotic

Question 29

what can an organisms use to pump out antibiotics make it resistant?

Answer 29

efflux pumps

Question 30

why are antibiotic not working as well?

Answer 30

-overuse in agriculture (in animal feed)
-using antibiotics when you have a viral infection/ no identification occurs anymore
-patients discontinue the use of the antibiotic once they start to feel better

Question 31

why is it bad for patients to discontinue the use of antibiotics once they start feeling better?

Answer 31

you are leaving pathogenic bacteria in your system which can make your more susceptible to other infections

Question 32

what can we do to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 32

-wash our hands
-talk about the general education of bacterial spread
- cycle antibiotics we take
-limit agricultural surveillance

Question 33

what kind of agar does the kirby- bauer antibiotic susceptibility testing use?

Answer 33

Mueller- hinton agar

Question 34

what size dish do you use when preforming the Kirby- Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test?

Answer 34

15cm dish

Question 35

what would you see if your bacteria was susceptible?

Answer 35

a zone of clearing around the antibiotic disk