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GEOG 111 > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

weather

A

shoot term atmospheric conditions
- observed over minutes, weeks, years

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2
Q

climate

A

long term atmospheric conditions
- observed over 3+ decades

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3
Q

“climate is what you _____, weather is what you ____”

A

expect, get

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4
Q

anomaly

A

a difference from a long term average or what we expect

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5
Q

saffir-simpson scale

A

categorizes storms based on wind speeds (levels 1 to 5)

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6
Q

proxy records

A

records that approximate things of the past about weather and shit
- tree rings (might tell us about precipitation in the past)
- shells
- deep sea sediments

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7
Q

intrusive rock

A

plutonic, rock that solidifies underground

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8
Q

extrusive rock

A

volcanic, rock that solidifies above ground

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9
Q

igneous rock

A

formed by cooling n solidification or liquid rock material
extrusive and intrusive

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10
Q

sedimentary rock

A

formed by compaction and cementation of sediment grains to produce a rock structure
eg. sand grains deposited in a river may be buried and exposed to pressure, solidifying the grains into new rock

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11
Q

metamorphic rock

A

rearrangement or replacement of minerals within a rock as the rock is exposed to pressure of heat
eg. friction at a subduction zone is known to produce deformed rock

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12
Q

lahar

A

landslide created by a volcano, usually hot water, mud, and ash

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13
Q

what percentage of active volcanos are on the ring of fire

A

75%

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14
Q

magma

A

under surface

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15
Q

lava

A

above surface

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16
Q

mafic

A

lower silica content, very mobile, low viscosity, Lava flows easily

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17
Q

felsic

A

high silica content, less mobile, high viscosity, lava flows slow

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18
Q

shield volcano

A

wide not tall
built by layers of fluid lava
low vicious (mafic) eruptions
eg. hawaiian islands

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19
Q

composite/strato volcano

A

stereotypical volcano
step sides
symmetrical
explosive eruptions
lava is thick (high silica)
eg. MT rainier in washington

20
Q

lava domes

A

small craters that form very very viscous lava, too much to flow
form in the inside of big eruptions

21
Q

cinder cones

A

small
symmetrical
comprised of cinder and ash

22
Q

pyroclastic material

A

shot out of volcano, causing rock rain
debris
speed down volcano destroying everything
pyroclastic flow

23
Q

caldera

A

nothing to hold up rock once magma leaves, so it collapses in on itself like a crater

24
Q

tectonics

A

the folding and breaking of rocks due to pressure within the earths crust

25
Q

tectonics - folding

A

bending of crustal rocks, normally due to compression (soft deformation)

26
Q

tectonics faulting

A

breaking and resultant displacement of a rock body (brittle deformation)

27
Q

tectonic forces (3)

A

tension
compression
shear

28
Q

tectonic forces - tension

A

resulting strain - stretching
surface expression - thinning crust, normal faulting

29
Q

tectonic forces - compression

A

resulting strain - shortening
surface expression - folding /reverse fault

30
Q

tectonic forces - shear

A

resulting strain - shearing / twisting
surface expression - bending horizontally / strike slip fault (transform)

31
Q

Alfred wegener

A

Pangea dude
continental drift
critical idea missing form his evidence on Pangea -mechanism behind how the continents moved

32
Q

evidence of Pangea (4)

A

shape
- jigsaw puzzle fit of continents - weakest
paleontology
- bones of animals in same species
geologic
- broken apart mountain ranges, similar rock compositions
climate
- places near equator had once been glaciated, have similar climates - strongest evidence

33
Q

marie Tharp

A

studied mid ocean ridge
no one liked her

34
Q

Henry hess

A

tracked German U boats in war
his data was used to map oceans

35
Q

inge Lehman

A

seismic wave person
p waves and S waves

36
Q

S waves

A

side to side or up and down
travel slower
don’t go through liquid well

37
Q

P waves

A

forward and back
faster
can travel though liquid, like liquid rock in the mantle

38
Q

terrane accretion

A

explains stupid geology in BC
islands have been brought to our coastline like a conveyor belt and “smash” (really fuckin slowly) into the coastline creating metamorphic rock and weird ass geology

39
Q

types of folds (4)

A

monocline
syncline
anticline
overturn fold

40
Q

monocline fold

A

one edge of a fold

41
Q

syncline fold

A

U shaped fold

42
Q

anticline

A

upside down U shaped fold

43
Q

overturn fold

A

u shaped fold (anticline) that has been pushed over

44
Q

hotspots

A

mantle rises to the surface not at a plate boundary
plate moves overtop of it, so over time formed volcanos get moved with the plan and hotspot continues to make more
eg. hawaii

45
Q

severe vs extreme weather

A

severe - bad weather conditions
- thunderstorms, tornados
extreme weather
- highest or lowest values of a climate avg

GEOG 111 (5 decks)

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