quiz 2

Question 1

weather

Answer 1

shoot term atmospheric conditions
- observed over minutes, weeks, years

Question 2

climate

Answer 2

long term atmospheric conditions
- observed over 3+ decades

Question 3

“climate is what you _____, weather is what you ____”

Answer 3

expect, get

Question 4

anomaly

Answer 4

a difference from a long term average or what we expect

Question 5

saffir-simpson scale

Answer 5

categorizes storms based on wind speeds (levels 1 to 5)

Question 6

proxy records

Answer 6

records that approximate things of the past about weather and shit
- tree rings (might tell us about precipitation in the past)
- shells
- deep sea sediments

Question 7

intrusive rock

Answer 7

plutonic, rock that solidifies underground

Question 8

extrusive rock

Answer 8

volcanic, rock that solidifies above ground

Question 9

igneous rock

Answer 9

formed by cooling n solidification or liquid rock material
extrusive and intrusive

Question 10

sedimentary rock

Answer 10

formed by compaction and cementation of sediment grains to produce a rock structure
eg. sand grains deposited in a river may be buried and exposed to pressure, solidifying the grains into new rock

Question 11

metamorphic rock

Answer 11

rearrangement or replacement of minerals within a rock as the rock is exposed to pressure of heat
eg. friction at a subduction zone is known to produce deformed rock

Question 12

lahar

Answer 12

landslide created by a volcano, usually hot water, mud, and ash

Question 13

what percentage of active volcanos are on the ring of fire

Answer 13

75%

Question 14

magma

Answer 14

under surface

Question 15

lava

Answer 15

above surface

Question 16

mafic

Answer 16

lower silica content, very mobile, low viscosity, Lava flows easily

Question 17

felsic

Answer 17

high silica content, less mobile, high viscosity, lava flows slow

Question 18

shield volcano

Answer 18

wide not tall
built by layers of fluid lava
low vicious (mafic) eruptions
eg. hawaiian islands

Question 19

composite/strato volcano

Answer 19

stereotypical volcano
step sides
symmetrical
explosive eruptions
lava is thick (high silica)
eg. MT rainier in washington

Question 20

lava domes

Answer 20

small craters that form very very viscous lava, too much to flow
form in the inside of big eruptions

Question 21

cinder cones

Answer 21

small
symmetrical
comprised of cinder and ash

Question 22

pyroclastic material

Answer 22

shot out of volcano, causing rock rain
debris
speed down volcano destroying everything
pyroclastic flow

Question 23

caldera

Answer 23

nothing to hold up rock once magma leaves, so it collapses in on itself like a crater

Question 24

tectonics

Answer 24

the folding and breaking of rocks due to pressure within the earths crust

Question 25

tectonics - folding

Answer 25

bending of crustal rocks, normally due to compression (soft deformation)

Question 26

tectonics faulting

Answer 26

breaking and resultant displacement of a rock body (brittle deformation)

Question 27

tectonic forces (3)

Answer 27

tension compression shear

Question 28

tectonic forces - tension

Answer 28

resulting strain - stretching surface expression - thinning crust, normal faulting

Question 29

tectonic forces - compression

Answer 29

resulting strain - shortening surface expression - folding /reverse fault

Question 30

tectonic forces - shear

Answer 30

resulting strain - shearing / twisting surface expression - bending horizontally / strike slip fault (transform)

Question 31

Alfred wegener

Answer 31

Pangea dude continental drift critical idea missing form his evidence on Pangea -mechanism behind how the continents moved

Question 32

evidence of Pangea (4)

Answer 32

shape - jigsaw puzzle fit of continents - weakest paleontology - bones of animals in same species geologic - broken apart mountain ranges, similar rock compositions climate - places near equator had once been glaciated, have similar climates - strongest evidence

Question 33

marie Tharp

Answer 33

studied mid ocean ridge no one liked her

Question 34

Henry hess

Answer 34

tracked German U boats in war his data was used to map oceans

Question 35

inge Lehman

Answer 35

seismic wave person p waves and S waves

Question 36

S waves

Answer 36

side to side or up and down travel slower don't go through liquid well

Question 37

P waves

Answer 37

forward and back faster can travel though liquid, like liquid rock in the mantle

Question 38

terrane accretion

Answer 38

explains stupid geology in BC islands have been brought to our coastline like a conveyor belt and "smash" (really fuckin slowly) into the coastline creating metamorphic rock and weird ass geology

Question 39

types of folds (4)

Answer 39

monocline syncline anticline overturn fold

Question 40

monocline fold

Answer 40

one edge of a fold

Question 41

syncline fold

Answer 41

U shaped fold

Question 42

anticline

Answer 42

upside down U shaped fold

Question 43

overturn fold

Answer 43

u shaped fold (anticline) that has been pushed over

Question 44

hotspots

Answer 44

mantle rises to the surface not at a plate boundary plate moves overtop of it, so over time formed volcanos get moved with the plan and hotspot continues to make more eg. hawaii

Question 45

severe vs extreme weather

Answer 45

severe - bad weather conditions - thunderstorms, tornados extreme weather - highest or lowest values of a climate avg