Lab exam

Question 1

map distance steps (2)

Answer 1

convert map distance to ground distance using map scale

convert units from smaller unit to a better unit like km or m

Question 2

latitude and longitude measurements (4)

Answer 2

determine what degree and minute you’re in

measure distance to point from nearest line on scale

divide that by full length of the segment

multiply by total units in the segment

Question 3

UTM

Answer 3

universal transverse mercator

Question 4

measuring UTM(4)

Answer 4

find UTM zone (zone # and row letter)

start at southwest corner of UTM zone

proceed with same steps as lat and long measurements

for answer: list in mE, mN, and the zone number and letter

Question 5

azimuth

Answer 5

angular measurement in a spherical system (compass)

Question 6

solar constant

Answer 6

amount of solar engird received at the top of the atmosphere

Question 7

Finding the latitude of the sub solar point (2)

Answer 7

find date of interest

follow in a horizontal line to the axis and record angle (figure 8 diagram)

Question 8

finding angle of the noon sun (formula)

Answer 8

ANS = 90 deg - (Latitude +/- latitude of sub solar point0

will be + if in southern hemisphere, - if in northern

Question 9

equinoxes

Answer 9

top and bottom of the figure 8 diagram

Question 10

lapse rate

Answer 10

change in temp / change in altitude

eg. point 1: (30C, 200m)
point 2: (15C, 100m)

lapse rate:

30-15C / 200-100m = 15C/100m

Question 11

relative humidity (3 formulas)

Answer 11

actual water vapour in air/ max capacity of vapour pressure in air x 100

vapour pressure / saturation vapour pressure x 100

SVP dew/SVP dry x 100

Question 12

wet bulb depression

Answer 12

dry bulb temp - wet bulb temp

Question 13

dew point (on weird lines diagram) (3)

Answer 13

find wet bulb depression

follow up to meet dry bulb temp intersection on graph

the follow diagonal line down to get the dew point ( it will be a point on the “dry bulb” axis

Question 14

SVP

Answer 14

saturation vapour pressure

Question 15

SVP dry (3)

Answer 15

find dry bulb temp

then go directly left to SVP axis

that number will be SVP dry

Question 16

SVP dew

Answer 16

find dew point (wet bulb depression, follow up to dry bulb temp, slide down to axis)

once you have that, go directly left to get SVP due (will be on SVP axis)

Question 17

DAR

Answer 17

10C/1000m

Question 18

MAR

Answer 18

6C/1000m

Question 19

intensity of sun angle

Answer 19

intensity = sin(ANS)

Question 20

BEC (acronym)

Answer 20

Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification

Question 21

Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification facts

Answer 21

divides places by climate and vegetation

zones change with climates

Question 22

short-wave radiation

Answer 22

visible

emitted by the sun

Question 23

longwave radiation

Answer 23

not visible

infrared

emitted by earth

carbon dioxide absorbs this

Question 24

divergent boundary (on map)

Answer 24

drawn by a Line with dashes (like stitches)

Question 25

subduction zone

Answer 25

drawn as a line with arrows/triangles in the direction of subduction

Question 26

transform

Answer 26

drawn as line with opposite pointing arrows

Question 27

velocity

Answer 27

distance / time

Question 28

lava/magma classification

Answer 28

mafic - low silica - fast - low viscosity felsic - high silica - slow as fuck - high viscous

Question 29

types of volcanos

Answer 29

lava dome - super viscous lava composite / strato - subduction zones - high viscous Lava - explosive cinder cone - most common - explosive - low silica shield - biggest - flat and wide - occur over hot spots and divergent boundaries

Question 30

vog

Answer 30

hazy mix of SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and aerosols (tiny particles of dust or other shit) can cause health problems like nausea n shit yk the works

Question 31

denudation

Answer 31

process of disintegrating and transporting material away from its source - erosion

Question 32

rock fall

Answer 32

very fast near vertical rock frags

Question 33

rock slide

Answer 33

very slow large rock body sliding motion

Question 34

rock avalanche

Answer 34

very fast large rock body flow at high speeds

Question 35

creep

Answer 35

very slow soil n shit flow of slide

Question 36

slump

Answer 36

slow think unconsolidated sediment

Question 37

mudflow

Answer 37

loose sediment flow moderate to fast

Question 38

debris flow

Answer 38

fast sand gravel fragments flow

Question 39

geomorphology

Answer 39

science that analyzes and describes origins, evolution, form, and distribution of landforms

Question 40

factor of safety

Answer 40

resisting force (force of friction) / driving force if over 1 = safe if under or = to 1, probably not safe

Question 41

travel angle

Answer 41

angle at which the slope is

Question 42

watershed/drainage basin

Answer 42

land surface that shed water to a particular river or stream

Question 43

overland flow

Answer 43

ridge between two watersheds

Question 44

horton-strahler method

Answer 44

numbers on river branches 1 for starters when 2 numbers join they move up a number

Question 45

stream discharge

Answer 45

Q (discharge) = A (area, width x depth) x V (velocity, metres per sec)

Question 46

why do rivers curve

Answer 46

small disturbances + lots of time chain effect, one curve creates more curves as it directs water to hit the sides of the stream on the way out of the curve

Question 47

1 "S" shaped meander is about ___ times the river width

Answer 47

6

Question 48

Radius of curvature

Answer 48

circle son one bend, radius of that circle

Question 49

sinuosity

Answer 49

straight line distance / stream distance (draw a straight line from start to end of river, divide that by the whole river length, curves and all)