Quiz 2 Flashcards
Operant Conditioning
learning voluntary behaviors through actions that are associated with a consequence.
Rewarded behavior is…
more likely to happen again.
Punished behavior is…
less likely to happen again.
Shaping behavior
reinforcing behavior to get animals/people to do unnatural things.
Reinforcement
any event that increases the frequency of the desired behavior.
Positive reinforcement
increases behavior by ADDING a stimulus.
Negative reinforcement
decreases behavior by REMOVING a stimulus.
Partial reinforcement
how and when reward is given biases behavior.
More ________ on ratios
behaviors
More _________ with variable
consistent
Ratio
a set number of times some action has to occur before a reward is given.
Variable
period of time where nothing you do matters; action only matters at a certain point in time.
Fixed ratio
a set, known goal where a reward will be given.
Variable ratio
the goal is not known; don’t know the amount of work required to get a reward.
Fixed interval
rewards occur after an action as a specific point in time.
Variable interval
rewards occur after an action at a random/unknown point in time.
Punishment
any event that decreases the frequency of the desired behavior.
Positive punishment
decreases behavior by ADDING an aversive stimulus.
Negative punishment
decreases behavior by REMOVING a desirable stimulus.
Extinction
a learned consequence stops happening.
Generalization
you do the same behavior in a new situation expecting similar results.
Discrimination
you learn each situation is a bit different.
Vicarious conditioning
learning associations through observing and imitation.
Mirror neurons
respond to ours and other’s actions; learned behaviors
How do we initially learn?
through imitation
Bobo Doll Study
kids don’t just “monkey see, monkey do,” but instead follow operant consequences
We are most likely to learn from those we…
pay attention to and imitate.
Who are you more likely to pay attention to and imitate?
model people that are similar/alike to yourself, have status and authority, or are successful
Prosocial behavior
builds positive relationships with other people.
Antisocial behaviors
builds negative relationships with other people.
