Quiz 1

Question 1

Define learning

Answer 1

Acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.

Question 2

How do we learn?

Answer 2

Through experience by making associations.

Question 3

Define classical conditioning

Answer 3

Learning to anticipate good or bad events with automatic reactions.

Question 4

Reaction to a good event

Answer 4

Automatic positive emotions

Question 5

Reaction to a bad event

Answer 5

Automatic negative emotions

Question 6

Acquisition

Answer 6

Initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship

Question 7

NS

Answer 7

Neutral stimulus

Question 8

US

Answer 8

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

UR

Answer 9

Unconditioned response

Question 10

CS

Answer 10

Conditioned stimulus

Question 11

CR

Answer 11

Conditioned response

Question 12

Neutral stimulus

Answer 12

A stimulus, that on its own, doesn’t mean anything.

Question 13

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 13

Born with a response to

Question 14

Unconditioned response

Answer 14

Produces an unlearned response (born with)

Question 15

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 15

Produces a stimulated response on its own after conditioning

Question 16

Conditioned response

Answer 16

Produces a learned response/behavior

Question 17

Order of classical conditioning

Answer 17

NS : US —> UR
CS —> CR

Question 18

Things that are classically conditioned operate in…

Answer 18

The subconscious

Question 19

Emotion

Answer 19

A mix of bodily arousal, expressive behavior, and conscious feelings or thoughts

Question 20

Traumatic event response

Answer 20

Pupils dilate, sweats, increased heart rate, etc.

Question 21

Emotional stimuli activate what nervous system?

Answer 21

sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight)

Question 22

Are emotions conscious or unconscious?

Answer 22

Unconscious

Question 23

spillover effect with emotions

Answer 23

arousal produced at random (bridge study)

Question 24

“quick-and-dirty” emotional information is received by the…

Answer 24

Amygdala

Question 25

Why does the amygdala receive emotional information quickly?

Answer 25

Risk assesment

Question 26

The high road and low road deal with what?

Answer 26

emotional responses

Question 27

What is the difference between high and low roads?

Answer 27

high road goes to the visual cortex; low road is “act now, ask questions later”

Question 28

Phobias

Answer 28

extreme, irrational fear reactions

Question 29

Can phobias be learned by classical conditioning?

Answer 29

Yes, they can be

Question 30

Generalization

Answer 30

Stimuli similar to the CS can give a similar CR

ex. attacked by a dog; fear of all dogs

Question 31

Discrimination

Answer 31

the learned ability to distinguish between a CS+ and a CS-

ex. determine an aggressive dog from a harmless puppy

Question 32

Extinction

Answer 32

a reduction of a CR; reducing fear of phobias

Question 33

Behavior Therapy

Answer 33

the application of learning theory to reduce problem behaviors (rarely will make anxiety “go away” for good)

Question 34

Anxiety

Answer 34

generated through classical conditioning (phobias)

Question 35

Exposure Therapies

Answer 35

treat anxieties by exposing people to triggers in safe environments

Question 36

systematic desensitization

Answer 36

low risk –> higher risk exposure

Question 37

spontaneous recovery

Answer 37

the reappearance of a CR after a gap in time