quiz 16

Question 1

Adderall and Ritalin misuse in university students

Answer 1

dexomethamphetamine

methylphenidate

Question 2

Sensitization and Tolerance

Answer 2

sen = increase to stim 
tol = decrease to stim (metabolic, cellular or learning)

Question 3

Agonists and Antagonistts - ACh examples

Answer 3

Agonists:
Bw spider venom
Choline rich diet
Organophosphates/physostigmine
Nicotine
Antagonists: 
Curare
Botulin

Question 4

Intake methods

Answer 4

Oral, inhalation or patch, injection into blood stream, injection into the brain

Question 5

special feature of capillaries in the brain

Answer 5

Tight junctions seal the blood brain barrier, covered by astrocyte feet to allow for nutrient and waste transport

Question 6

Methods of entry through the blood brain barrier

Answer 6

1. Small molecules can simply diffuse through the endothelial lining (o2, C02, ect.)
2. Complex molecules must be brought in through active transport

Question 7

Curare

Answer 7

Antagonist, binds to ACh receptors, preventing ACh binding, sedative and paralyzing effects, skill. muscles before others

Question 8

Botulin

Answer 8

Antagonist, blocks the release of ACh, paralysis and weakness

Question 9

Black widow venom

Answer 9

Agonist, stimulates ACh to excess, results in weakness

Question 10

Nicotine

Answer 10

mimics ACh at its receptor, increased functions consistently with ACh

Question 11

Physotigmine

Answer 11

inhibits Ache enzyme so ACh never breaks down.

Question 12

order of ease of administration

Answer 12

oral - muscular injection - inhalation / patch - bloodstream injection - brain injection

Question 13

Stipulations for various administrations

Answer 13

1. oral admin must be liquid or water soluble
2. Small mol can pass the skin layer, otherwise it wont
3. weak acids dissolve in the stomach
4. weak bases in the intestines

Question 14

Specific Catabolism enzyme

Answer 14

Cytochrome P450 enzyme family in the liver

Question 15

Areas in the brain lacking a barrier and why

Answer 15

1. Pituitary gland - allows chemicals required for hormone prod.
2. Pineal glad - allows chemicals required for daily cycles
3. Bstem area postrema - allows otherwise toxic chemicals access to promote vomiting

Question 16

2 drugs used in testing sensitization, and their effects

Answer 16

1. amphetamine - increased behaviour response

2. Fluxapentol - complete loss of behaviour

Question 17

Physiological underpinnings

Answer 17

1. Dopamine increase in the synaptic cleft

2. 8 changes to synaptic structures (ie receptor numbers … )

Question 18

3 reasons sen is important for study

Answer 18

1. allows us to understand why some treatments take weeks to become effective (schizo)
2. sen is related to dependence, and is a new. condition for it
3. Life experiences produce similar effects to sen, pruning the NS to addiction