Neuro quiz 15

Question 1

Types of Transmitters and their origin and location

Answer 1

Small Molecules: Synth. in the axon terminal from food mats.
Ionic: formed in dying stars, held in the vesicles with other major ones
Gaseous: Not housed within the cell (can escape the membrane) and synthesized by enzymes in the cell
Lipid: synthesized on demand when an Ap reaches the axon terminal
Peptide: synthesized in the cell body, and packaged in the Golgi body, sent via microtubules to the axon terminal

Question 2

Excitatory vs Inhibitory Synaptic distinctions

Answer 2

• Excitatory: denser membrane, circular vesicles, received often in the dendrites, wider synaptic cleft, larger active zone
• vice versa for the inhibitory ones

Question 3

What are electrical synapses

Answer 3

gap junctions (connexion proteins forming a hemichannel) allows for adjacent neurons to communicate immediately

Question 4

three locations of NT storage

Answer 4

1. Granules
2. Attached to microfilaments
3. Attached to the presynaptic membrane

Question 5

what are the 5 steps of neurotransmitters and explain them each individually

Answer 5

1/2: synthesis packaging and storage

• unique to the diff types of transmitters
  3. Release (Ca2+ influx results in the primed vesicles to release their contents into the cleft)
  4. Receptor Site Activation (Nt binding g to the transmitter activated receptors)
  5. Inactivation (reuptake, degradation, diffusion or astrocyte reuptake)

Question 6

2 types of receptors

Answer 6

1. Ionotropic - acts as a binding site for NT, allowing its pore to open to allow for ion influx or efflux
2. Metabotropic - binding site for Nt that influences other receptors or cellular processes directly

Question 7

list the 7 types of synapses

Answer 7

1. Axomuscular,
2. Axodendritic
3. Axoaxonic
4. Axosynaptic
5. Dendodendritic
6. Axosomatic
7. Axosecretory