2-2 conserved pattern of nervous system dev. Flashcards
Prosencephalon (name and function)
Front brain in reptiles
responsible for olfaction
Mesencephalon (name and function)
Mid brain in reptiles
responsible for vision and hearing
Rhombenscephalon
hindbrain
Movement and balance
To which of the three sections does the spinal cord belong
Rhombenscephalon/ Hindbrain
What does the prosencephalon develop into in mammals?
The Diencephalon (between brain) and the telencephalon (endbrain)
What structures are a part of the telencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres and cortical areas
What does the hindbrain/rhombencephalon develop into for humans?
Metencephalon/across brain , includes the cerrebellum
Myelenscephalon/spinal brian, includes the spinal chord
What are the three major CNS components
Spinal cord, brainstem and forebrain
What is the main function of the brainstem
Creating our sensory world and navigating it, as it receives all sensory afferent signals and directs almost all efferent signals
Into what can the brain stem be divided, and what do they control predominantly
Hindbrain (motor function), midbrain (sensory function) and diencephalon (integrated sensory-motor function)
What is the sensory and motor separation in the mid and hindbrain?
Sensory structures lie dorsal/posterior and motor lie ventral/anterior
What are the components of the hindbrain, and what are their main functions
- Cerebellum (fine motor coordination, related to cog. capacity)
- Reticular formation (netlike array of white and grey matter, with nuclei localized in bundles along its length, each with a specific function ie waking from sleep)
- Pons (bridge) connects the nuclei which receive input from the cerebellum and sends it to the rest of the brain
- Medulla nuclei regulate vital functions like breathing and the cardiovascular system
What are the components of the midbrain, and what are their main functions
Tectum: posterior sensory area
Tegmentum: Anterior motor area
what are the relevant components of the tectum?
Superior colliculus: receives visual sensation from the optic nerve
inferior colliculus: receives auditory info
What is the main function of the Tectum’s Colliculi?
Orienting movements, which are determined by the colliculi’s visual, auditory and tactile maps, working in tandem to determine the perceptual field.
What are the relevant components of the tegmentum?
- Red nuclei: controls limb movements
- Substantia Nigra: connects the tegmentum to the forebrain, important in initiating movements
- Periaqueductal grey matter: contains circuits that control for species relevant behaviours
Diencephalon and its functions
Integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex
What are the 2 components of the diencephalon?
- Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus
Characteristics and functions of the hypothalamus`
Composed of 22 nuclei and nerve fibre systems
Controls the bodies production of hormones via its interaction w the pituitary gland
Characteristics and functions of the Thalamus
larger than the hypthal, only 20 nuclei,
Organizes and integrates the sensory info travelling to the cortex
Some regions have motor components
Main Thalamic structures presented in the reading and their functions
- Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus: olfactory info travels through here on its way to the forebrain
- Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: visual info passes through on its way to the forebrain
What are the two principle structures of the forebrain?
- Cerebral cortex
2. Basal Ganglia
What are the two components of the Cerebral cortex
How many layers do they have?
what do they do?
- allocortex (3-4 layers)
- plays a role in controlling motivation and emotional states, and certain forms of memory - neocortex (6 layers)
- constructs the perceptual world and responds to it
terminology for ‘smooth’ and non smooth brains
what are the names of the bumps in the non smooth? what are the folds?
smooth - lissencephalic
non-smooth - gyrencephalic
gyri - the bumps
sulci - the folds (think sucked down)
