Quiz 12 Flashcards
Deindividuation
Results in a loss of individual identity and a gaining of the social identity of the group
Attitude
Evaluations of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept
Central route processing
Message interpretation characterized by thoughful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade
Peripheral route processing
Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself
Central route processing
Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments
Cognitive Dissonance
The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts
Social cognition
The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves
Schemes
Sets of cognitions about people and social experinces
Impression Formation
How we organize information about another person to form an overall impression of that person
Attribution theory
Seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individuals behavior, what the specific causes of that persons behavior
Situational causes
perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors
Disportional Causes
Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors
The halo effect
An initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics
Assumed similarity bias
The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself, even when meeting them for the first time
Availability Heuristic
Tendency to confuse the probability of an events occurance with the ease with which it can be imagined
Fundamental attribution error
A tendency to over attribute owners behavior to dispositional causes and minimize of the importance of situational causes
Conformity
A change in behavior or attitudes brought by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people
Compilance
Behavior that occurs in response to direct social power
Prejudice
A negative or positive evaluation of a particular group and its members
Self fulfilling prophecy
When expectations about a behavior act to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur
Observational learning approaches
The behavior of parents, other adults, and peers shapes childrens feelings about members of various groups; prejudice is learned through imitation and reward and punishment
Social identity theory
People tend to be ethnocentric, viewing the world from their own perspective and judging others in terms of their group membership
Implicit Association Test
Allows for measurment of subconscious attitudes, and attitudes that people do not want to be shown, toward members of specific groups
Proxemity
Geographic closeness leads to liking
Instinct approaches
Aggresion is the outcome of innate urges
Observational learning approaches
Social and environmental conditons can teach individuals to be Agressive
ProSocial behavior
Helping behavior
Diffusion of responsibility
Tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared or diffused among those present
Stressors
circumstances or events that produce threats to our well being
Catalysmic events
Strong stressors that occur suddently, affecting many people at once
Background stressors
everyday annoyances that cause minor irritations and may have long term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events
Psychosomatic disorders
medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological emotional and physical difficulties
PNI
The study of the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain
Learned Helplessness
A state in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled- a view of the world that become so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy the aversive circumstances, even if they can actually exert some influene; correlated with depression
