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EVS 461 > quiz 12 > Flashcards

quiz 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Family Gyrinidae

A

“divided eyes” or whirligig Beetles
natatorial middle and hind legs
(water-surface swimmers, predators & scavengers)

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2
Q

Order Coleoptera

A

Beetles
Family Carabidae - fast running (ground beetles) ground predators (often caught in pitfall traps)

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3
Q

Family Staphylinidae:

A

Rove Beetles
(like carabids ground layer predators)
- note characteristic short-elytra

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4
Q

family Scarabidae

A

Scarabs and Dung beetles
some are herbivorous pests others important decomposers
(sacred beetles of Egypt?)
The Japanese beetle is a scarab

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5
Q

Family Cantharidae

A

Soldier Beetles
Very abundant pollen feeders

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6
Q

Family Lampyridae

A

fireflies or lightning bugs
dorsum of males (notes elytra & flight wings)
females have larger light organ

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7
Q

Family Chrysomelidae:

A

leaf beetles
leaf chewers, abundant in prairies.
some are very important agricultural & garden pests

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8
Q

Family Coccinellidael

A

Ladybugs or lady beetles
voracious predators on small insects

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9
Q

colorado potato beetle

A

has become a very damaging worldwide pest of potatoes (“potato bugs”)

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10
Q

Family Cerambycidae:

A

Long-horned Beetles
larvae feed in the stems of trees or other plants

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11
Q

family Curculionidae:

A

weevils or snout beetles
Largest family of living organisms (50,000 spp.)
many are serious pests (“gonzo beetles”

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12
Q

Order Neuroptera (“Net-winged”)

A

lacewings and relatives
very important predators of other insects, both as larvae and adults

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13
Q

Order Hymenoptera

A

bees, wasps, ants

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14
Q

Family Ichneumonidae

A

Ichneumonid wasps
very large family of non-social parasitoids of other insects
long tailed megarhyssa wasp

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15
Q

family Sphecidae:

A

digger wasps
solitary wasps that sting & paralyze prey, put them in burrow, lay egg, grub feeds on the live but paralyzed prey
(Darwin found this repugnant!)

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16
Q

Family Vespidae:

A

Paper wasps or hornets or yellow jackets
eusocial, predators on insect larvae, aggressive but beneficial!

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17
Q

Family Mutilidae:

A

velvet ants (actually are wasps)
Parasites of bumblebee nests
females are wingless

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18
Q

family Bombidae
FAMILY APIDAE

A

bumble bees
honey bees
very important pollinators!

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19
Q

Family Formicidae:

A

Ants
“The little things that run the world” (E.O. Wilson)

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20
Q

How would you tell an ant from a termite

A

Wings
Termites have two sets of wings that are the same length and extend past their abdomen. Ants also have two sets of wings, but their front wings are longer than their hind wings and usually end at the tip of their abdomen.
Antennae
Termites have straight, bead-like antennae, while ants have elbowed antennae.
Body shape
Termites have wide bodies with little to no visible waist, while ants have narrow waists.

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21
Q

slides of mosquito

A

larvae (“wrigglers”)
pupae (“tumblers”)
breathing tubes on each of the above
adults

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22
Q

Order Diptera:

A

flies
sub-order Nematocera
“lower” flies
long, slender bodies
usually aquatic larvae
non-aristate antennae

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23
Q

Family Culicidae:

A

Mosquitos
blood-sucking ectoparasites
many spp are important disease vectors
(Anopheles –> Maloria)

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24
Q

Family Tipulidae:

A

crane flies
the English call these “daddy long legs”

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25
Q

family chironomidae:

A

midges
larvae are a very important part of the benthic fauna of freshwater habitats

26
Q

Family tabanidae:

A

horseflies and deerflies
blood-sucking ectoparasites
the reason zebras have stripes

27
Q

suborder Brachycera

A

“higher flies”
stout-bodied, aristate antennae

28
Q

family Asilidae

A

robber flies
aerial predators in grasslands

29
Q

family syrphidae

A

hover flies or flower flies
larvae are important predators on other insects
adults are important pollinators
batesian mimics of bees and wasps

30
Q

“False” and “True” fruit Flies

A

Drosophilidae - vinegar flies
(one of biology’s most important model systems)
Tephritidae - True Fruit Flies
- some very important fruit pests (medfly, e.g.)
- some used in biocontrol of weeds
- typically have patterned wings

31
Q

“Muscid Flies”

A

important decomposers and scavengers
family Muscidae: house flies
family Calliphoridae: Blow flies
family Sarcophagidae: flesh flies

blowfly maggots are the insects most commonly used in forensic entomology
blowfly adults are often called “bluebottle flies” or “greenbottle flies”

32
Q

Family Tachnidae:

A

Tachinid Flies
- along with the Ichneumonid Wasps, the most important parasitoids of other insects,
Ormia lineifrons is an acoustically - orienting parasitoid of calling female katydids

33
Q

Order Lepidoptera

A

butterflies and moths
family saturniidae: giant silkworm moths
luna moth
Polyphemus Moth
Polyphemus is the one-eyed giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Homer’s Odyssey.

34
Q

Family Geometridae:

A

inchworm moths
the inchworm larvae “measure” their path, thus “geometers”
adults usually have pastel colors with lots of lines on the wings

35
Q

Family noctuidae

A

owlet moths
our largest family, often gray or brown (“millers”)
the big one is the black witch

36
Q

Family Sphingidae:

A

Sphinx, Hawk, or Hummingbird Moths
“Hornworm” caterpillars can be pests, important pollinators as adults

37
Q

Family Papilionidae

A

Swallowtails
- giant swallowtail
- zebra swallowtail
- black swallowtail
- tiger swallowtail

38
Q

Family pieridae

A

whites and sulphurs
many common species, with pastel colors
the term “butterfly” is believed to have originated from the bright yellow color of “sulphur” butterflies

39
Q

How to tell a monarch and viceroy apart?

A

The main visual difference between the viceroy and monarch butterfly is the black line drawn across the viceroy’s hind wings, which monarch butterflies do not have. The viceroy is also a bit smaller than the monarch.

40
Q

viceroy and red-spotted purple

A

in the same genus

41
Q

Family Nymphalidae

A

brush-footed butterflies
- (front legs are modified to become short sensory palps)
Large family - often red, brown, or orange in color
greatest # of species

42
Q

Family Hesperiidae

A

skippers
small, robust-bodies hooked antennae (often golden or charcoal grey)
were considered intermediate between moths and butterflies, are now considered to be true butterflies

43
Q

How would you tell a flea from a louse?

A

Fleas are much larger than lice, making them easier to spot. Their bodies are rounded, and their legs are shorter than their bodies. When they suck blood, they become larger and darker.

44
Q

Order Siphonaptera

A

Fleas
Blood-sucking ectoparasites (oriental rat flea)
Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important (not the only) vector of plague
Pulex irritans is the Human Flea
(The cat flea is what gods and cats usually get)

45
Q

Pulex irritans –>

A

human flea

46
Q

Ctenocephalus felis –>

A

Cat flea (also the commonest flea on dogs)

47
Q

Order Siphonaptera

A

fleas
Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important vector of bubonic plague

48
Q

list as many species as you can that have provided evidence in “Forensic Entomology”

A

flies
mosquitos
spiders-webs
maggots
blue bottle fly

49
Q

what was the first case in which insect evidence is said to have revealed the perpetrator of a crime?

A

13th century Chinese village - a sickle attracted flies even after cleaning

50
Q

How did insect body fragments factor into a British drug-dealing case?

A

insect fragments were species that were only found in Thailand while the men claimed the pot was grown in New Zealand

51
Q

how are blood sucking insects used in entomolgy

A

may contain the perpetrator’s blood or drug fragments

52
Q

how do maggots reveal the time of death of a murder victim

A

the age of the maggots can determine how long ago the death occurred

53
Q

what factors affect the speed of development of maggots?

A

temperature

54
Q

what odd form of locomotion do “cheese skipper” maggots exhibity

A

they “spring” off of the corpse

55
Q

how can insects be used to reveal the place of death?

A

native insects belonging to the crime scene

56
Q

How can the absence of insects be an important clue

A

it can reveal how quickly the body was buried
accidental or premeditated

57
Q

how are herbivorous insects such as caterpillars used in forensic entomology?

A

the silk is only spun during a specific time of year if they’re found on the body it indicates the time of death
can be found in burs - maturation level

58
Q

How have aquatic insects been used in forensic entomology

A

black fly larvae secure themselves to hard surfaces, spin silk cocoons, and then emerge in April
can tell what time of year the crime was committed
leeches attached to knife

59
Q

how did paper wasps help determine the time of a crime

A

the paper wasp nest was found in the skull, meaning it had to have been free of flesh & placed the time of the murder

60
Q

how can insects still provide evidence even when a corpse is completely dried out?

A
  • the larvae of moths and beetles feed on mummified body
    the laying and hatching of fly eggs on fresh corpse revealed death in May

EVS 461 (10 decks)

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