quiz 11 Flashcards
“The true Katydid”
From which all others get the name!
Order Thysanoptera: Thrips
note the “fringe-wings”
Haplo-diploid (a few are eusocial)
note front leg “claws”
pierce - and - suck plants
Order Orthoptera
Suborder Ensifera: Crickets & Katydids
Family Gryllidae: Crickets
Family Gryllocrididae: Camel or cave crickets
Family Gryllotalpidae: Male crickets
Family: Tettigoniidae: Katydids (“bush crickets”)
Order Collembola : Springtails
non-insect Hexapods;
live in enormous numbers in soil& litter, important detritivores
(most have “furcula” spring-tail)
Order: Zygentoma: silverfish
most primitive true insects
detritivores in dark, humid substrates
Apterygotes; ametabolous development
Ephemeroptera: Mayflies
Paleopterans
Naiads are important aquatic herbivores & detritivores.
Adults v. short-lived (“ephemeral”)
Order Odonata
sub-order: Anisoptera: Dragonflies
Sub - order Zyoptera: Damselflies
Paleopterans, Naiads are aquatic predators, adults are aerial predators
How do you tell a dragonfly from a Damselfly? Are dragonflies always bigger than damselflies
dragonflies are not always larger than damselflies however, they typically have thicker, more robust bodies while damselflies are typically more slender
Dragonfly eyes are larger and typically almost touching while damselfly eyes are separated.
Order Dictyoptera
Suborder Blattaria: Cockroaches - omnivores/scavengers in litter & mulch
Suborder Mantodea: praying mantids - ambush predators
(both suborders produce oothecae)
Ant vs. termite how would you tell them apart?
ants have shorter wings overall, and their front wings are longer than their hind wings. Antennae: Termites have straight antennae, while ants have bent antennae. Body: Termites have little to no visible waist, while ants have a narrow waist.
Termites are taxonomically just a social group of cockroaches!
!
Order Phasmatodea
walking sticks
herbivores
Order Dermaptera:
earwigs
pincer-like Ceri
order Dictyoptera
termites
social, wood-digesting, v. important “recyclers”
Order Orthoptera
sub-order Caelifera: grasshoppers
family Acrididae: grasshoppers & locusts
family Tetrigidae: Pygmy Grasshoppers (note enlarged pronotum!)
OHomoptera
Family Membrocidea: Treehoppers (Woodlands)
Family Aphidae: Aphids (plant lice, greenflies) very important agricultural pests!
family Cicadellidae: leafhoppers (grasslands)
Order Hemiptera
suborder Homoptera (or Just order Homoptera)
Family Cicadidae: cicadas , feed underground for years on plant root xylem (look for tymbal on male ventrum)
17 - year cicadas (3 different species)
from the 1997 emergence in central Iowa
Order Hemiptera
suborder Heteroptera (or, just order Hemiptera)
true bugs
family Gerridae: water striders
family Notonectidae: backswimmers (note reverse countershading)
family Belostomatidae: orient water bugs
Family Coricidae –> water boatmen
Giant water bugs
Belostomatidae
Hemiptera/Heteroptera
family Reduviidae: Assassin Bugs
Rhodnius is a blood-sucking parasite, vector of chagas disease
most are predatory on insects
family Coreidae: Squash bugs, economically important plant pests (some)
Hemiptera/Heteroptera
Lygaeidae: Seed bugs (some are pests)
Pentatomidae: Stink Bugs (some herbivores, some carnivores)
Miridae: plant bugs (some are pests)
Cimicidae: Bedbugs - parasites of warm-blooded vertebrates (human, shallow bug shown)
Order Anoplura: Sucking Lice
Pediculus capitis: Human head louse
pediculus corporis: human body louse (vector of typhus)
phthirus pubis: Human pubic lous
order: pscodea, Body shapes are variations on elongate cylindrical and stick-like or flattened, or often leaf-like
how is self-pollination avoided in plants? Why is it important to avoid it?
different maturation times of male and female reproductive parts (dichogamy), physical barriers separating the pollen and stigma (herkogamy), and genetic incompatibility systems (self-incompatibility), which essentially prevent pollen from fertilizing the egg within the same flower; this is important because cross-pollination, where pollen is transferred from one flower to another, leads to greater genetic diversity within a species, improving its adaptability and resilience to environmental changes and disease
