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EVS 461 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 alternative names for butterflies, from non-English countries

A

Botervliegs - Dutch
Schmetterlings - German
papilio - Latin

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2
Q

The general name for butterflies in Mexico refers to the Virgin Mary. What is that name for butterflies

A

Mariposas

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3
Q

List 3 ways butterflies have been used as Christian symbols

A

Transformation of sinners
resurrection of souls
resurrection of Jesus

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4
Q

In Papago Indian legend recounted at the end of the article, the great Spirit took away from butterflies something that he had promised to another group of animals. What was that other group of animals. What was the other group, and what of theirs did the Great Spirit take back from butterflies?

A

from birds, their songs

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5
Q

In Papago Indian legend recounted at the end of the article, what should someone do if they have a secret wish?

A

whisper it to a butterfly

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6
Q

Technical name for an insect’s “brain”

A

Supra-esophageal Ganglion

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7
Q

Part of an insect brain that includes the optic lobes

A

Protocerebrum

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8
Q

A nerve of the Stomodeal (Stomatogastric) which, if cut, results in a blowfly never stopping ingestion of food

A

Median Recurrent Nerve

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9
Q

The 2 cells, other than the sensory neuron, of an insect sensillum

A

Trichogen
Tormogen

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10
Q

Number of sensory receptor cells in one ear of a noctuid moth

A

two

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11
Q

Number of pores in an insect taste receptor cell (gustatory cell)

A

one

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12
Q

The optical unit of an insect compound eye

A

Ommatidium

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13
Q

The cells in the structure of Question 28 that actually contain the photosensitive pigments

A

Retinula cells

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14
Q

A type of insect compound eye is adapted for low-light conditions

A

Superposition Eye

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15
Q

A color that bees can see that humans cannot

A

Ultraviolet

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16
Q

“Simple eyes” of many adult insects

A

Dorsal ocelli

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17
Q

Student of animal behavior who developed the “Four Questions About Behavior” Approach

A

Niko Jinbergen

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18
Q

True or False? Some of the genes that determine calling song pattern in Teleogryllus crickets are on the sex chromosome, while others are on the autosomes

A

true

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19
Q

“Sign Stimulus” from a honey bee that elicits stinging of the bee by a beewolf wasp

A

Jactile Stimuli from bee

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20
Q

Number of times in the Ensiferan Orthoptera (crickets & katydids) that the combination of tibial ears and tegminal stridulation evolved

A

twice

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21
Q

Number of different types of songs produced by male Teleogryllus oceanicus crickets

A

3: calling, courtship, aggression

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22
Q

T. oceanicus song type that subordinate males are much less likely to produce than are dominant males

A

courtship (also aggression and calling)

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23
Q

Which participant in a fight between two male T. oceanicus wins more fights in which it produced aggressive song

A

the respondent

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24
Q

Difference between dispersal and migration

A

dispersal is 1-way; migration has return

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25
Q

communication system used by scouts to indicate a possible new nest location for honeybee swarm

A

dance “language”

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26
Q

One desirable trait of a potental nest site for a honeybee swarm

A

***** a protected cavity that’s dry, high up in a tree, with a small entrance at the bottom, facing south, and offering sufficient space for the colony to build a comb, ideally with a volume of around 40 liters

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27
Q

supra-esophageal ganglion (3 parts)

A
  • protocerebrum
  • deutocerebrum
  • tritocerebrum
28
Q

Protocerebrum

A
  • optical lobes
  • corpora
  • pendunculata (mushroom bodies - memory)
  • Pars Intercerebralis (with neurosecretory areas)
  • Central Body (receiving and integrating information)
29
Q

deutocerebrum

A

antennal lobes

30
Q

tritocerebrum

A

“sympathetic”, innervates the labrum, connects to visceral n.s.

31
Q

Visceral Nervous System (3 parts)

A
  • Stomodeal
  • ventral visceral
  • caudal visceral
32
Q

Stomodeal

A

frontal ganglion; median recurrent nerve to hypocerebral ganglion (containing Corpora cardiaca with corporal allata suspended below), ventricular nerves innervating gut and dorsal vessel

33
Q

ventral visceral

A

sub esophageal ganglion connecting to ventral nerve cord ganglia

34
Q

causal visceral

A

innervating posterior of abdomen and genitalia

35
Q

Insect sensilla

A

combo of a sensory neuron, accessory cells, and cuticular structures, all derived from epithelial cells of the integument

36
Q

Basic components of sensillum

A

neuron
trichogen cell
tormogen cell

37
Q

trichogen cell

A

secretes a cuticular process such as hair

38
Q

tormogen cell

A

connects that process to the rest of the cuticle

39
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

tactile sensilla
hair plate
stretch receptors
campaniform sensilla
sound receptors

40
Q

tactile sensilla

A

trichoid

41
Q

campaniform sensilla

A

dome-shaped

42
Q

sound receptors

A

most are composed of modified sensilla called chordotonal organs (neurons are separated from the cuticle by scolopale cells; thus, they are also called “Scolopidia

43
Q

subgenual organs

A

substrate vibration detectors

44
Q

chemosensors

A

pore leading into fluid-filled channel/chamber

45
Q

OBP

A

“lock and key” fit between molecule and receptor protein (odorant-binding proteins may act as transporters)

46
Q

uniporous sensilla (one pore)

A

contact chemoreception or gustation (“taste”); usually located on mouthparts or tarsi

47
Q

multipororous sensilla (many pores)

A

olfaction (“smell”); usually located on antennae

48
Q

Thermoreception

A

bloodsucking insects, pine beetles

49
Q

hygroreception

A

(water) soil organisms, honeybees, parasites of vertebrates

50
Q

Magnetoreception

A

monarch butterflies, honeybees, and compass termites
- all possess biomagnetite crystals somehwere in the body

51
Q

optical unit

A

ommatidium

52
Q

ommatidium components

A

cornea (lens)
crystalline cone
pigment cells (isolate)
Retinule cells (visual receptors, each with a central wedge, rhabdomere, containing the pigment molecules
- rhabdomeres make up rhabdom
visual pigments are typical animal rhodopsins
- some nocturnal insects : tapetum

53
Q

Apposition eyes

A

dont change with light intensity

54
Q

superposition eye

A

low-light intensity vision
AKA “clear zone eyes

55
Q

resolution?

A

discriminate shapes and patterns

56
Q

motion detection

A

excellent!

57
Q

color?

A

good

58
Q

how many retinule cells do bees have?

A

9
4 - yellow/green
2- blue
3 - UV

59
Q

dorsal ocelli

A

adult insects and exopterygote nymphs; very light sensitive, but not suited for high - resolution image detection; used to detect changes in light intensity and as “horizon detectors” in flight
present on head often in 3 in a triangle pattern

60
Q

stemmata

A

in lepidopteran larvae
basically like a single ommatidum; several may be present on each side of the head. poor resolution but sensitive to light intensity

61
Q

dermal detectors

A

light-sensitive areas in the cuticle of some blind insects and in the brain of some insects - used in calibrating diurnal rhythms in some insects

62
Q

tinbergens 4 questions

A
  1. how did the behavior develop?
  2. what are the causes or controls of this behavior? (what extrenal or internal stimuli evoked it? how are the nervous systems and effectors involved?)
  3. from what/how did this behavior evolve?
  4. what is the behaviors function? (how is it an adaptation? how does it promote fitness?
63
Q

how did the behavior develop?

A

all behavior develops via a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Nature vs nurture is invalid - it’s both!

64
Q

major forms of learning:

A

habitation, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning

65
Q

controls or causes of behavior

A
  1. neurobiology of behavior - studies the role of sensory inter- and motor neurons in behavior
  2. Behavioral physiology - motivational changes in behavior, hormone effects, biological rhythms
  3. behavior and external stimuli - classical ethological concepts of sign stimuli* (releasers” if made by conspecific) and fixed action pattern behaviors
66
Q

neurochemicals & cricket chirping

A

results of injections into protocerebrum: Acetylcholine released calling song. Gamma-Butyric Acid (GABA) blocked calling song

67
Q
A

EVS 461 (10 decks)

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