quiz 12

Question 1

explain the formation of a spit

Answer 1

1.spits form at sharp bends in the coastline
2. Longshore drift transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it in the sea
3. strong winds can curve the end of the spit causing hooked ends
4. the area behind the spitis sheltered from waves forming a salt marsh

Question 2

Explain the formation of headlands and bays

Answer 2

1.Headlands and bays form where there are alternating bands of hard and resistant and less resistant rock along a coast
2. The less resistant rock is eroded faster forming a bay
3. because the more resistant rock erodes more slowly it juts out, forming a headland

Question 3

Explain the formation of a beach

Answer 3

1. 2 headlands shelter a bay with constructive waves
2. constructive waves deposit the sediment they are carrying because of their strong swash and weak backwash
   3.forming a beach

Question 4

Explain the formation of a wave cut platform

Answer 4

1. Waves cause most erosion at the foot of a cliff, forming a wave-cut notch which is enlarged over time
2. repeated erosion causes the rock above the notch to become unstable and it eventually collapses
   3.The collapsed material is washed away and a new wave-cut notch starts to form
3. After repeated collapses the cliff retreats,leaving a wave-cut platform

Question 5

Explain the formation of a cave

Answer 5

the resistant rock that makes up headlands often has weakness like cracks
waves crash into the headlands and enlarge the cracks via hydraulic action and abrasion
repeated erosion and enlargement of cracks causes caves to form

Question 6

Explain the formation of an arch

Answer 6

the resistant rock that makes up headlands often has weakness like cracks
waves crash into the headlands and enlarge the cracks via hydraulic action and abrasion
repeated erosion and enlargement of cracks causes caves to form continued erosion deepens the cave and eventually it erodes all the headland to form an arch

Question 7

Explain the formation of a stack

Answer 7

the resistant rock that makes up headlands often has weakness like cracks
waves crash into the headlands and enlarge the cracks via hydraulic action and abrasion
repeated erosion and enlargement of cracks causes caves to form continued erosion deepens the cave and eventually it erodes all the headland to form an arch
erosion continues to wear away the rock supporting the arch,until it eventually collapses forming a stack

Question 8

Explain the formation of a meander

Answer 8

The fastest current is found on the outside bend. This is because the river is at its ddepest so the river has less contact with river bends and banks reducing friction. Therefore more hydraulic action and abrasion on the outside bend forming a river cliff

on the inside bend the current is slower beacuse the river channel is shallower as there is more friction. so eroded material is deposited on the inside bend forming slip-off slopes

Question 9

Explain the formation of a v-shaped valley

Answer 9

a v-shaped valley forms because the river erodes vertically creating steep valley sides. Freeze-thaw weathering weakens the valley sides until they collapse. A v-shaped valley is left behind which is narrow with steep sides

Question 10

Explain the formation of an oxbow lake

Answer 10

1. erosion causes the outside bends to get closer
2. until theres only a small bit of land left between the bends
3. the river breaks through this land,usually during a flood
4. river flows along the shortest curve
5. deposition eventually cuts off a meander
6. forming an ox-bow lake