Quiz 1 - Water, Acid/Base, Lipids, Nucleic acids, Peptides, Proteins Flashcards
Ionic bonding
Transferred electrons, can be strongest bonding
Covalent
Shared electrons, medium strength
Metallic
Electron cloud, least strong
Ion-dipole interaction
Dipole attracted to ion
H-bond
H covalently bonded to O, F or N interacts with other O, F or N
Dipole-dipole interaction
Dipoles interact with one another
Ion-induced dipole
Electronegativity of an ion generates a dipole in an otherwise inert molecule
Dipole-induced dipole
Electronegativity of a dipole generates a dipole in an otherwise inert molecule
Dispersion/van der Waals forces
Random movement of electrons produces a transient dipole
Water structure
H2O, 104.5 degree angle between H, dipole. Water has high specific heat because of H bonds
Ice
H2O forms ordered crystal lattice due to uniform angles and H bonds. Ice is less dense than liquid water and therefore floats
Amphipathic Molecules
Molecules that contain both a nonpolar and polar region
Water as a solvent
Water will spontaneously dissolve other molecules because of nonrandom arrangement involving dipole interactions
Lipids in water
Will form miceles or bilayers
Solutes in water
Effect colligative properties, raise BP, lower FP
Cell in Isotonic solution
Solute concentrations equal in intracellular and extracellular environment
Cell in Hypertonic solution
Solute in cell less concentrated than outside of cell, water leaves cell
Cell in Hypotonic solution
Solute in cell more concentrated than outside of cell, water enters cell
Proton hopping
Protons will hop around among water molecules
Keq
Equilibrium constant. = [Products]/[Reactants]
Kw
Water Keq. = 1X10^-14
pH scale
-log{H+]
pKa
Equilibrium constant of an acid
pH of an acid solution
pH = pKa + log [HA]/[A]
Buffer solutions
Weak acids will donate or accept electrons to maintain a consistent pH. Ex.) Bicarbonate H2CO3 HCO-
Respiratory Acidosis
CO2 retention from hypoventilation, decreases plasma pH
Respiratory Alkalosis
CO2 excretion from hyperventilation, increases plasma pH
Metabolic Acidosis
Increase of acidic molecules or decrease of basic molecules in plasma, decreases plasma pH
Metabolic Alkalosis
Decrease of acidic molecules or increase of basic molecules in plasma, increases plasma pH
Fatty Acid/Lipid functions
Store energy, form membranes, carry info/signals, additional services (vitamins, enzyme cofactors, colorants)
Fatty Acid
Carboxylic acid with long hydrocarbon chain